HDVH Pepsico PDF

HNG DAN VAN HANH HTXLNT
Nha may Blue Star Viet Nam Cong suat : 1000 m3/ngay
LI NOI AU
o V ly do an toan, xin vui long oc ky hng dan van hanh nay trc khi
van hanh he thong x ly nc thai.
o Luon luon oc ky so tay hng dan s dung/catalogue cua nha san xuat
va hieu thau ao trc khi van hanh hoac bao tr bat ky bo phan nao
cua thiet b.
o Ch nhng nhan vien a hoan thanh khoa ao tao mi c phep van

hanh, bao dng, sa cha va khac phuc cac s co thiet b.
o Quyen hng dan van hanh nay c bien soan trc khi he thong x ly
nc thai chnh thc hoat ong. Do o chac chan se co mot so iem
khong phu hp vi qua trnh van hanh sau nay, co the se co mot so
thong so van hanh can phai thay oi e phu hp vi thc te.
X nghiep Cong nghe Moi trng ECO khong chu trach nhiem bao hanh
oi vi nhng h hong hay thiet hai do van hanh va bao tr he thong
khong ung theo hng dan.
Khi co bat k s co nao xay ra vi he thong x ly nc thai hoac can them

thong tin chi tiet, xin vui long lien he vi cong ty chung toi theo a ch sau:
CONG TY NG DUNG KY THUAT VA SAN XUAT TECAPRO
X NGHIEP CONG NGHE MOI TRNG ECO
18A Cong Hoa, Quan Tan Bnh
So ien thoai: 08.8114.288
Gap Bo phan Bao tr
CONG TY NG DUNG KY THUAT VA SAN XUAT TECAPRO 1

18A Cong Hoa Q. Tan Bnh T: 8425760 FAX : 8425763 Email : eco@fmail.vnn.vn
MOT SO THUAT NG
1. DO : nong o oxy hoa tan, n v mgO2/l
2. BOD (Nhu cau oxy sinh hoc) : la lng oxy can thiet cho vi sinh vat s dung e
oxy hoa chat hu c co trong nc thai.
3. COD (Nhu cau oxy hoa hoc) : la lng oxy can thiet e oxy hoa chat hu c co
trong nc thai bi cac tac nhan hoa hoc.
4. VFA (Axit beo bay hi) : la cac axit hnh thanh trong pha chuyen hoa axit cua
qua trnh sinh hoc k kh.
5. Bun hoat tnh : la tap hp cac vi sinh vat co trong nc thai, hnh thanh nhng
bong bun co kha nang hap thu va phan huy chat hu c khi co mat cua oxy.
6. F/M : ty le thc an (chnh la chat hu c) tren mot n v vi sinh vat trong be

Aerotank.
7. MLSS : nong o vi sinh vat (hay bun hoat tnh) trong be Aerotank.
8. Nitrat hoa : la qua trnh chuyen hoa ammonia va nit hu c thanh nitrit va nitrit
thanh nitrat.
9. Kh nitrat : la qua trnh chuyen hoa nitrat thanh nit phan t dang kh.
10. SVI (Ch so the tch bun) : la thong so ch kha nang lang cua bun hoat tnh.
11. Tuoi bun : la thi gian bun ton tai trong he thong bun hoat tnh.

CHNG I
GII THIEU CHUNG
I.1. Thanh phan va tnh chat nc thai

Nc thai phat sinh t qua trnh san xuat khoai tay vi tien o xa thai nh sau :
Cong suat xa thai hang ngay :
+ Giai oan 1 : 600 m3/ngay
Tram x ly c thiet ke cho giai oan 1,2 & 3 vi tong cong suat thiet ke: 790
m /ngay va co kha nang nang cong suat len 1000 m3/ngay.
3
Bang 1: Thong so thiet ke
STT Thong so n v Thong so nc thai au vao
1 pH - 6 6.3
2 TSS mg/l 850 - 1000
3 BOD5 mg/l 2500 - 2600
4 COD mg/l 3750 - 4000
5 Dau m mg/l <30
6 Lu lng giai oan 1, 2 va 3 m3/ngay 790
7 Lu lng trung bnh gi m3/gi 42
8 Nhiet o C
0
250C 950C
Bang 2: Tnh chat nc thai sau x ly (*)
STT Thong so n v TCVN 5945 2005, cot A
1 pH - 69
2 TSS mg/l 50
3 BOD5 mg/l 30
4 COD mg/l 50
5 Dau m mg/l 10

I.2 Gii thieu cac qua trnh x ly

Vi tnh chat nc thai va yeu cau x ly a neu tren, e xuat cong nghe x ly cho
He thong x ly nc thai tai Nha may san xuat banh Snackfood thuoc d an Blue Star
cua cong ty PEPSICO Giai oan 1, 2 & 3 gom cac cong oan :
I.2.1. Tien x ly
- Loai bo rac, can tho co kch thc ln hn 10 mm.

- ieu hoa nong o va lu lng chat thai.
I.2.2. X ly bac 2
a. X ly sinh hoc yem kh

S dung cong nghe UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) e kh, chuyen hoa
cac chat hu c co cau truc phc tap thanh kh CH4 va H2O, lam giam nong o
BOD, COD cua nc thai.
b. X ly sinh hoc hieu kh

S dung cong nghe Aerotank la phng phap bun hoat tnh hieu kh (Activated
Sludge Process) e kh, chuyen hoa cac chat hu c mot cach triet e, lam
giam nong o BOD, COD, SS cua nc thai.
I.2.3. X ly bac 3
Kh trung nc thai
I.2.4. X ly bun d
a. Nen bun
Bun d c nen e tach nc trong be nen bun nh thiet b gat bun.
b. Lam kho bun
Bun sau nen c lam kho bang may ep bun bang tai.

I.3. Cong nghe x ly
I.3.1. S o cong nghe x ly
NC THAI NHIEM DAU (163 m3/ngay) NC RA (627 m3/ngay)
LC RAC THO LC RAC THO
BE THU GOM Nc d
BE THU GOM
X ly s bo
TACH DAU M LANG S BO
Khuay tron Nc d
BE CAN BANG
ieu chnh pH
BE X LY SINH HOC YEM KH

UASB B02
X ly bac 2 Thoi kh
BE X LY SINH HOC HIEU KH
Dng Bun tuan hoan
AEROTANK B04A/B
kh
BE NEN BUN
BE LANG B05 Bun
X ly bac 3
Chlorine MAY EP BUN
BE KH TRUNG
Bun kho
RA MOI TRNG

Hieu suat x ly NC THAI NHIEM DAU (163 m3/ngay) NC RA (627 m3/ngay)
Q=790m3/ngay
LC RAC THO LC RAC THO COD=4000mg/l
BOD5(200C)=2600mg/l
pH=6 6.3
Dau m <30mg/l)
BE THU GOM BE THU GOM
COD=40%
BOD=40%
dau m=66% TACH DAU M LANG S BO
Q=790m3/ngay
COD=2400mg/l
BOD5(200C)=1560mg/l
pH=6.8 7.2
BE CAN BANG Dau m <10mg/l)
COD=78% BE X LY SINH HOC YEM KH

BOD=78% UASB B02
Q=790m3/ngay
COD=528mg/l
BE X LY SINH HOC HIEU KH BOD5(200C)=343mg/l
AEROTANK B04A/B
COD=92%
BOD=92% Bun (DS=1%)
BE LANG B05
BE NEN BUN
Bun (DS=2.5%)
BE KH TRUNG MAY EP BUN

coliform=100%
Bun (DS=20%)
Bun kho
Nc thai sau x ly at tieu chuan Q=790m3/ngay
loai A TCVN 5949 2005
COD=42mg/l
BOD5(200C)=27.5mg/l
Dau m <10mg/l

I.3.2. Mo ta cong nghe x ly
X ly s bo
Nc thai cua nha may bao gom 2 dong: nc thai nhiem dau va nc thai
cua qua trnh ra khoai tay.
Nc thai nhiem dau se c dan qua thiet b lc rac tho. Lc rac tho
c thiet ke e ngan chan can ran co kch thc ln hn 10 mm vao
he thong x ly nham bao ve bm va thiet b. Sau khi qua song chan rac
tho, nc thai nhiem dau t chay vao be thu gom Sump A va se c
bm en thiet b tach dau m. Tai be nay, dau m se c tach ra
bang thiet b vt dau nham lam giam lng dau trong be t 30 mg/l
xuong di 10 mg/l trc khi c dan vao be can bang.
Nc thai cua qua trnh ra khoai tay cung c dan qua thiet b lc
rac tho trc khi chay vao be thu gom Sump B. Sau o, nc thai nay se
c bm en be lang s bo. Be nay c thiet ke nham lam cac hat
can l lng trong nc xuong ay va lng can nay se c canh gat
dan ve ho thu bun va hut i en cong trnh x ly bun. Sau khi lang, nc
thai se c dan en be can bang bi trong lc.
Hai dong nc thai t be tach dau m va be lang s bo se c t chay ve
be can bang. Be can bang co nhiem vu ieu hoa lu lng va nong o cac
thanh phan (BOD, COD, pH ) cua nc thai. Be can bang c bo tr he thong
gom 02 may khay chm SM01/02 nham tao s xao tron ong eu, tao moi
trng ong nhat cho dong thai, tranh hien tng lang can va phan huy k kh
trong be nay. Ngoai ra be can bang con c trang b mot he cham axit/ xut e
am bao cho pH cua nc thai luon duy tr trong khoang 6.8 7.2 trc khi vao
be UASB. Tai be can bang, 01 may bm chm P03A se van chuyen nc thai t
be can bang len be x ly sinh hoc yem kh UASB B04 (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge
Blanket).
X ly bac 2 (x ly sinh hoc)
Tai be UASB, nc thai c phan phoi eu t di len tren qua he thong

phan phoi nc ay be, khi qua em bun k kh (bun hat) chat hu c se b
phan huy bi cac vi sinh vat k kh thanh nc va kh biogas bay len. Kh biogas
sinh ra c thu hoi va ot tai au ot kh t ong FL01, nc sau x ly i qua
bo phan tach ba pha (kh long ran) theo mang thu chay sang be cha trung
gian B05, tai ay mot phan nc thai (41.7 m3/gi) c bm tuan hoan tr lai
au vao be UASB e am bao van toc nc dang trong be UASB luon c duy
tr mot cach thch hp (t 0,58 1.2m/h), phan con lai c dan sang be x ly
sinh hoc hieu kh vi bun hoat tnh Aerotank B06A/B.

Trong be Aerotank, qua trnh x ly sinh hoc hieu kh da vao s song va hoat
ong cua cac vi sinh vat e oxy hoa chat hu c dang hoa tan va dang keo co
trong nc thai, bien cac hp chat co kha nang phan huy sinh hoc thanh cac
chat on nh nh vao lng oxy hoa tan trong nc. San pham cuoi cung la CO 2,
nc, cac chat vo c khac va cac te bao sinh vat mi. Hau het cac chat o
nhiem hu c c s dung e duy tr s song cua vi khuan.
C che phan huy chat hu c bang vi sinh vat:
Chat Vi Vi
hu + sinh + O2 CO2 + H2 O + sinh
c vat vat mi
T be Aerotank, nc thai chay vao be lang B07, ay se dien ra qua trnh

tach bun hoat tnh va nc thai a x ly. T be lang, mot phan nc c dan
sang ho ca L01, phan con lai c dan sang be tiep xuc B08 va chung se
c kh trung bang dung dch Natri hypoclorit NaOCl. Sau khi kh trung, nc
at tieu chuan xa thai TCVN 5945 2005, cot A th se c xa vao be cha nc
tai s dung va c xa vao he thong thoat nc ma cua Khu cong nghiep.
Neu nc sau x ly cha at tieu chuan xa thai th c dan ve he thong thoat
nc thai cua KCN e tiep tuc c x ly tram x ly nc thai tap trung cua
KCN. Ngoai ra, trong giai oan khi ong he thong _ nuoi cay vi sinh, nc thai
sau x ly c dan ngc ve be thu gom Sump A e tien hanh x ly lai.
Ve cong tac x ly bun : bun hoat tnh di ay cua be lang B07 c gom
vao ho trung tam bi thiet b gat bun. Mot phan bun hoat tnh c bm bun
tuan hoan bm tr ve be Aerotank e duy tr chc nang sinh hoc va gi nong o
bun trong be nay mc co nh. Lng bun d se c bm bun d bm ve be
nen bun B09. Vi thi gian lu thch hp, bun c nen t nong o 1%DS len
2,5%DS, sau o c bm vao thiet b keo tu bun, tron eu vi C. Polymer, sau o
toan bo hon hp i vao thiet b ep bun bang tai BFP01. Banh bun sau khi ep
c o vao thiet b thu bun kho va chuyen i chon lap theo quy nh.
Nc d t be nen bun va may ep bun c thu gom va chay ve be thu

gom Sump A nc thai e tiep tuc qua trnh x ly.
Kh biogas sinh ra t be UASB c thu gom va ot bang thiet b ot t ong

FL01 at tren be UASB, khi he thong hoat ong on nh, lng kh nay co the
c thu hoi e phuc vu cho nhu cau cua nha may.

I.3.3. Mo ta hang muc cong trnh, thiet b
a. Danh muc cong trnh
Bang 3: Danh muc cong trnh
Hang muc Ky hieu Chc nang Thiet b
Be Thu gom Sump A SA Tap trung nc thai cha dau Lc rac tho SC01
Cong tac phao
Bm mang P01A/B
Be Thu gom Sump B SB Tap trung nc thai tay ra Lc rac tho SC02
Cong tac phao
Bm chm P02A/B
Be tach dau m B01 Tach dau, m trong nc Thiet b vt dau OS01
Thung cha dau thu hoi OT01/02
Be lang s bo B02 Tach cac hat can ra khoi nc thai Thiet b cao bun be lang S01
Bm bun can SP01
Be can bang B03 - On nh, ieu hoa lu lng va tnh chat Bm chm P03A/B
nc thai trc khi i vao cac be x ly May khuay chm SM01A/B
tiep theo, tranh cho he thong b qua tai Thiet b ieu chnh pH pHC01
cuc bo.
Cong tac phao
- ieu chnh pH cua nc thai ve gia tr
Bon cha axit/xut
thch hp (6.8 7.2) cho qua trnh x ly
sinh hoc k kh UASB. Bm nh lng axit/xut
Be UASB B04 Phan huy chat hu c bi cac vi sinh vat Thiet b ot kh t ong FL01
trong moi trng k kh thanh nc va kh
biogas.

Be trung gian B05 am bao van toc nc dang trong be Bm chm P04
UASB luon c duy tr mot cach thch Cong tac phao
hp.
Be Aerotank B06A/B X ly thanh phan o nhiem hu c trong He thong phan phoi kh AD01A/B
nc thai bang phng phap bun hoat May thoi kh AB01A/B
tnh hieu kh l lng
Be lang B07 Lang trong, tach bun ra khoi nc, hoan Thiet b gat bun S02
tat qua trnh x ly sinh hoc.
Be kh trung B08 Loai bo cac vi sinh vat co hai trc khi xa Bon cha dung dch Natri hypoclorit
ra moi trng. Bm nh lng dd Natri hypoclorit
Ngan cha bun Cha bun e tuan hoan ve be Aerotank. Bm bun tuan hoan SP03
Cha bun d va bm ve be nen bun Bm bun d - SP02
Be nen bun B09 Tach nc ra khoi bun e nang ham Thiet b gat bun S03
lng chat ran trong bun len khoang 2 Bm bun nen SP04
2.5%. May ep bun BFP01
Bo pha che polymer
Ho nuoi ca L01 Ch th sinh thai va tao canh quan cho
nha may.

b. Danh muc thiet b
Bang 4: Danh muc thiet b
STT Thiet b Ky hieu ac tnh ky thuat Chc nang, che o ieu

khien
1 Lc rac tho SC01 Khe 10mm Tach chat ran co kch
SC02 thc ln hn 10mm
2 Bm nc thai P01 Bm mang Bm chuyen nc thai
nhiem dau A/B Q = 50 m /h 3
len be tach dau
H = 9m 01 hoat ong lien tuc, 1
d phong
Cong tac ON OFF
3 Thiet b vt OS01 Vt dau, m noi tren be
dau m mat be tach dau m
4 Bon cha dau OT01/0 V = 500 lit Cha dau, m
m 2 PVC
5 Bm nc thai P02A/B Bm chm Bm chuyen nc thai
ra khoai tay Q = 32 m /h 3
len be lang ngang
H = 8m 01 bm hoat ong lien
tuc, 01 bm d phong
Cong tac ON OFF
T ong tat, m bm
theo mc nc
6 Thiet b cao S01 Cong suat: 0.18 0.37 Cao bun ve ho thu bun
bun cho be kw cua be lang s bo
lang s bo Vat lieu : SUS304
7 Bm bun cho SP01 Bm mang Bm bun t ho thu bun
be lang s bo Q = 10.2 m /h 3
cua be lang s bo ve be
H = 8.6 bar nen bun.
8 May khuay SM01 Toc o: 1450 vong/phut Tao s xao tron, tranh
chm A/B Cong suat : 2.2 kw hien tng lang can va
phan huy k kh trong be,
ong thi tao moi trng
ong nhat cho dong thai.
02 may hoat ong lien
tuc
Cong tac ON OFF
9 Bon cha ChT01/ V =2m 3
Cha dung dch axt/xut
dung dch 02 Vat lieu FRP e trung hoa nc thai.
axit/xut
10 Bm nh DP Bm mang Van chuyen dd axit/ xut
lng dd axit/ 01/02 Q = 75 l/h en be can bang e
Cong suat: 0.18 kw trung hoa nc thai

xut Cong tac ON - OFF

11 Bo ieu chnh pHC/ o tren dong o, hien th gia tr pH cua
pH t ong pHS01 nc thai.
Cong tac ON OFF
ieu khien che o hoat
ong bm nh lng
axit/xut
12 Bm nc thai P03A/B Bm chm Bm chuyen nc thai
au vao be Q = 33m /h 3
len be UASB.
UASB H = 8m 01 hoat ong/ 01 d
phong
Cong tac ON OFF
T ong tat, m bm
theo mc nc
13 Thiet b ot kh FL01 Q = 70 m3/h ot kh biogas sinh ra t
Biogas t ong be UASB.
Cong tac ON OFF
14 Bm nc thai P04 Bm chm Bm tuan hoan nc t
tuan hoan Q = 42 m /h 3
be trung gian ve be UASB
H = 8m e am bao van toc
nc dang trong be.
01 bm hoat ong lien
tuc
Cong tac ON OFF
T ong tat, m bm
theo mc nc
15 May thoi kh AB01 Root Cung cap dng kh cho
A/B Q = 875Nm /h 3
vi sinh vat.
H = 0.5 kg/cm 2
Cong tac ON OFF
16 He phan phoi AD a , bot kh mn Phan phoi va khuech tan
va khuech tan 01A/B Q = 8Nm /h/1a
3
kh di dang bot kh mn
kh be
Aerotank
17 Thiet b gat S02 Motor hop so Tap trung bun ve ho thu
bun be lang bun be lang.
Cong tac ON OFF
18 Bm bun tuan SP03 Bm chm Bm bun hoat tnh t ho
hoan Q = 33m3/h thu bun ve be Aerotank
H = 8m e duy tr mat o vi sinh
vat
Hoat ong theo che o
cong nghe.
Cong tac ON OFF

19 Bm bun d SP02 Bm chm Bm bun d t ho thu

Q = 6 m /h 3
bun ve be nen bun.
H =8m Cong tac ON OFF
20 Bon cha dd ChT3 V = 500 lt Cha dd Natri hypoclorit

Natri hypoclorit Vat lieu: PVC e kh trung nc thai.
21 Bm nh DP03 Bm mang Van chuyen dd Natri
lng dd Natri Q =8 l/h hypoclorit en be tiep
hypoclorit H = 2 bar xuc e kh trung nc
thai.
Cong tac ON - OFF
22 Thiet b gat S03 Motor hop so Tap trung bun ve ho thu
bun be nen bun be nen bun.
bun Tang nong o, giam o
am bun thai
Cong tac ON OFF
23 Bm bun nen SP04 Bm truc ngang Bm bun t be nen bun
Q = 10.2 m /h 3
en may ep bun.
H = 8.6 bar Hoat ong theo che o
cong nghe
Cong tac ON OFF
24 Thiet b keo tu FC01 Q = 4m /h 3
Keo tu bun
bun Cong tac ON OFF
25 May ep bun BFP01 Bang tai X ly bun, giam the tch
Q = 4m /h 3
bun trc khi thai bo
Cong tac ON OFF
26 Bm nc ra HP01 Bm cao ap Ra bang tai cua may
bang tai Q = 4,5 m /h 3
ep bun
H = 4,9 bar Cong tac ON - OFF
27 Bon cha ChT04 V = 1000 lt Cha dung dch polymer

Polymer Vat lieu: PVC
28 He khuay tron M01 Toc o: 290 vong/phut Khuay tron dung dch
polymer Cong suat : 1,1kw polymer
29 Bm nh DP04 Bm mang nh lng dung dch
lng dung Q = 75 lit/h Polymer bm vao thiet b
dch polymer Cong suat: 5 bar keo tu bun.
30 May nen kh AC01 Cong suat toi a: 20 Hp Cung cap kh cho bm
ien ap: 220v/380v mang
Bnh cha 456 lt Cong tac ON - OFF
Lu lng: 3000 l/p
Ap lc : 8 kg/cm2

CHNG II
AN TOAN VAN HANH
Luon luon oc ky so tay hng dan s dung thiet b cua nha san xuat va hieu
thau ao trc khi van hanh hoac bao tr bat c bo phan nao cua thiet b.
Ch co nhan vien a hoan thanh khoa ao tao mi c phep van hanh, bao
dng, sa cha va khac phuc cac s co thiet b.
Khi co s co be UASB B04 va be nen bun B09, ngi van hanh phai trang b
cac phng tien bao ho lao ong nh: mat na phong oc, quan ao bao ho...
trc khi leo xuong be e tranh hien tng t vong do tiep xuc vi kh oc.
II.1. An toan khi lam viec gan cac be

Khi lam viec quanh cac be, cac qui nh ve an toan lao ong phai tuyet oi chap
hanh:
i giay, ung co kha nang chong trt.
Mac ao phao khi lam viec tai cac be
Thng xuyen co ra san thao tac tranh s sinh soi cua tao gay trn trt.
Gi gn sach se khu vc x ly: dau m, rac, gie lau
Khong e ri dung cu, thiet b va vat lieu co the gay anh hng ti qua trnh,
lam hong cac thiet b at chm trong cac be.
Phai thc hien cac bien phap an toan khi tiep xuc vi cac thiet b ien.
Khu vc x ly phai co u anh sang e lam viec vao buoi toi, ac biet la luc co
s co xay ra.
II.2. An toan khi lam viec vi hoa chat

Phai co u cac trang thiet b bao ho lao ong khi pha che hoa chat.
Phai thc hien ung cac bc ch dan khi pha che hoa chat.
Tranh e hoa chat tiep xuc vi nc trong qua trnh lu tr va bao
quan.
Khi a hoa chat vao thung pha che, nen o t t va tng t mot.
Tranh bui hoa chat bay len va kha nang vang phay dung dch hoa
chat.
Tranh e dung dch axit tiep xuc vi nc. V axit am ac khi gap
nc se sinh nhiet, lam bien dang thung cha, tran axit dan an mon
cac thiet b.
Dung nc sach ve sinh khu vc pha che hoa chat.

II.2.1. Axit sunfuric

Ten hoa hoc: Axit sunfuric
Cong thc hoa hoc: H2SO4
Tnh chat: La mot hp chat vo c, axit ac co o nht cao, co kha nang boc
hi co mui hac, tan c trong nc va toa nhiet ln.
Pha che: Dung dch axit sunfuric co san dang dung dch, ch viec mua va s
dung.
Lieu lng s dung: phu thuoc vao tnh chat va pH cua nc thai
Mc o nguy hiem: Axt ac phan ng rat manh vi hau het cac chat va ong
thi toa ra mot lng nhiet rat ln. No co the lam bong da, chay quan ao, neu
b ban vao mat co the gay hong mat, khi o ra san gach co the lam hong
gach Noi chung axit co the lam hong va gay nguy hiem cho bat ky vat lieu
nao no tiep xuc tr PVC, HDPE.
Nhng ieu can chu y khi lam viec vi axit:
Phai luon cho axit vao nc mot cach t t. Khong bao gi c phep
o nc vao axit (lam ban axt gay nguy hiem).
Phai luon luon s dung gang tay va khau trang khi thao tac pha axit.
Ben canh ni pha axit phai chac co nguon nc sach: xo hoac voi nc
cap
Dung nc sach hoac gie lau kho e ve sinh phan axit bam ben ngoai
cac dung cu trc khi s dung. Sau khi thao tac xong phai ve sinh sach
se dung cu va khu vc lam viec neu axit b ban ra ngoai.
Trong trng hp b axit ban vao ngi ngay lap tc phai dung nc
sach ra ngay cho tiep xuc vi axit. Dung cang nhieu nc cang tot e
ra het axit tren c the. Neu da b bong th ngay sau o phai en c s
y te gan nhat.

II.2.2. Natri hyroxyt

Ten hoa hoc: Natri hyroxyt
Cong thc hoa hoc: NaOH
Tnh chat: La mot hp chat vo c, chat long khong mau.
Pha che: Dung dch natri hyroxyt co san dang dung dch, ch viec mua va
s dung.
Lieu lng s dung: phu thuoc vao tnh chat va pH cua nc thai.
Mc o nguy hiem: Natri hyroxyt NaOH co tnh an mon manh, co the an sau
xuong di da va gay viem loet nhiem trung. ac biet, khi tac dung vi nc
phan ng toa nhiet rat ln.
Nhng ieu can chu y khi lam viec vi natri hyroxyt:

Khi lam viec vi NaOH can s dung ay u cac phng tien bao ho ca
nhan: quan ao bao ho, gang tay cao su, ung Phai het sc chu y tranh
e NaOH ri vao ngi, ac biet la mat.
Neu b NaOH ban vao da hoac mat phai lap tc ra ngay bang nhieu
nc sach, sau o trung hoa bang dam loang, nc chanh hoac cac
dung dch axit yeu (axit citric hoac axit boric 1 3 %)

II.2.3. Polymer
Tnh chat: Polymer c s dung lam chat tr keo tu, co tac dung lam tang
kch thc cac bong can a hnh thanh trong qua trnh keo tu bun, tao ieu
kien thuan li hn cho qua trnh ep bun tai may ep bun. Polymer s dung trong
qua trnh nay la keo dng (Cation polymer).
Pha che: Polymer c pha che trc tiep bang thiet b pha che dd polymer
PM01. ay la thiet b pha che polymer t ong, cung cap polymer da vao
lieu lng s dung. Thiet b nay am bao khong lam mat hoat tnh cua dung
dch polymer khi pha che va s dung.
Lieu lng s dung:

C.Polymer: 3g/kgDS (bun kho). Lieu lng s dung tuy thuoc vao ac tnh cua
bun hoat tnh can thai bo.
Nhng ieu can chu y khi lam viec vi polymer:
Khi lam viec vi polymer can s dung ay u cac phng tien bao ho ca
nhan: quan ao bao ho, gang tay cao su, ung
II.2.4. NaOCl
Ten hoa hoc: Natri hypoclorit
Cong thc hoa hoc: NaOCl
Tnh chat: la mot hp chat c dung e kh trung nc thai
Pha che: Dung dch natri hypochlorit 10% co san dang dung dch, ch viec
mua va s dung.
Lieu lng s dung: 5g/m3 nc thai. Neu van hanh vi cong suat thiet ke la
790 m3 nc thai/ngay th NaOCl 10% c s dung la 1.7 lt/h.
Nhng ieu can chu y khi lam viec vi NaOCl:

Khi lam viec can s dung ay u cac phng tien bao ho ca nhan: quan
ao bao ho, gang tay cao su, ung
Lu y: NaOCl co tnh an mon cao, tranh e NaOCl tiep xuc trc tiep vi
cac dung cu bang kim loai.

II.3. An toan ien khi van hanh he thong
II.3.1. An toan ve ien
Cong nhan van hanh can phai nam vng cac bien phap an toan, cach
x ly s co va phng phap cap cu tai nan ien giat.
Can thng xuyen tien hanh kiem tra s an toan cua cac thiet b ien,
cac day dan, o cam, cac lp bao ve chong tiep xuc, kien tra ien ro.
Sa cha, bo sung va thay the he thong ng day va thiet b ien khi
can thiet.
Trc khi tien hanh sa cha ng day hay thiet b ien phai cat ien
mot phan hay toan bo khu vc co lien quan. Khi sa cha phai tuyet oi
tuan thu cac quy nh an toan ien va co trang b an toan thch hp (th
ien trc khi sa cha bang but th ien, eo gang tay, i ung cach
ien), dung vat lieu cach ien e che chan cac bo phan thiet b xung
quanh co kha nang dan ien.
Khi cat ien e sa cha phai co ngi canh cau dao hoac co bien bao
hieu cam ong ien, co ngi lam viec e e phong nhng ngi khac
vo tnh ong cau dao.
Tranh e cac vat co kha nang gay chay no va nc ban vao trong tu
ien ieu khien.
Khi co s co chay, no, chap ien th ngi van hanh phai lap tc nhan
nut POWER OFF tren mat tu ien e ngng ngay hoat ong.
II.3.2. Bien phap cap cu
Nguyen tac:
Khi xay ra tai nan ien giat, viec au tien la phai nhanh chong cat dong
ien qua c the nan nhan.
Phai am bao an toan cho ngi en cu, v neu khong ngi en cu

de b ien giat lay ong thi nan nhan con b nguy hiem nang hn. Do
o, khi co ngi b ien giat, ngi en cu phai het sc bnh tnh va thc
hien ung cac thao tac can thiet, khong tiep xuc trc tiep vi nan nhan
ma phai thong qua cac vat cach ien.
Nhng viec cu the phai c thc hien ngay:
Cat ien khu vc xay ra tai nan (ngat cau dao, rut phch cam ien, rut
cau ch).
Tach nan nhan ra khoi dong ien: dung vat lieu cach ien (sao, go, thanh
nha kho) gat day ien hoac thiet b ien ra khoi nan nhan.
Dung chan, em, bat nilong (tat ca eu phai kho) e ay nan nhan ra
khoi vat mang ien.

Neu nan nhan con tnh tao can gi nan nhan ngh ngi, khong cho i lai
hoat ong ngay, v do trieu chng soc than kinh nen co the mot luc sau
nan nhan mi chuyen dan sang trang thai me sang, te liet.
Neu nan nhan bat tnh nhng con th, tim con ap th at nan nhan nam
ngh ni thoang, au e hi thap e tranh thieu mau nao, gi am c the
nan nhan va tranh gio lua. Ci cac day buoc, nut, cuc ao va han che c
ong cua cac c ngc, bung. Co the cho ngi amoniac loang e nan
nhan mau tnh. Tuyet oi khong vay nc len mat nan nhan v co the gay
xung huyet nao do lanh ot ngot. Theo doi nan nhan e neu can thiet th
tien hanh ho hap nhan tao va xoa bop tim kp thi.
Neu nan nhan a ngng th nhng tim con ap th phai tien hanh ho hap
nhan tao ngay. Neu tim nan nhan ngng ap th tien hanh xoa bop tim
ngoai long ngc. Sau khi co dau hieu tim ap lai can tiep tuc ho hap
nhan tao, xoa bop tim khoang 5 10 phut roi goi bac s hoac a ti benh
vien gan nhat

CHNG III
QUI TRNH VAN HANH

III.1 Kiem tra he thong
III.1.1 Kiem tra lng hoa chat s dung

Lng hoa chat pha che trong bon phai am bao cho he thong hoat ong t nhat
trong vong mot ngay.
III.1.2 Kiem tra thiet b

Trc khi bat may cung nh sau khi may a hoat ong can kiem tra tnh trang cua
tat ca cac thiet b trong HTXLNT. Sau khi he thong hoat ong lien tuc, on nh can
kiem tra lai tnh trang cua cac thiet b, may moc sau moi ngay. Chu y nhng hien
tng co the anh hng en hoat ong cua chung.
Bang 5: Cac chi tiet can kiem tra thiet b, may moc trc khi van hanh
STT May moc - thiet b Ky hieu Cac chi tiet can kiem tra
1 Lc rac tho SC01,SC02 - Li lc rac: ve sinh li, loai bo

rac bam tren li moi ngay
3 Bm nc thai, P01A/B, P02A/B - Cac van (o m )
bm bun P03A/B, P04, SP01, - Hoat ong (co nc/bun)
SP02, SP03, SP04
4 May khuay chm SM01A/B - Kha nang khuay tron
5 Bm nh lng DP01/02/03/04 - Cac van (o m)
- Hoat ong (bm hoa chat)
- Lieu lng (v tr ieu chnh)
6 May thoi kh AB01A/B - Day coroa (mc o gian )
- Loc kh (mc o sach )
- Bulong (mc siet chat)
- Mc dau boi trn (them dau neu
dau can, khong c cham ay v
co the gay no may nen)
- Xa nc ngng
- Th van an toan
7 He khuech tan kh AD01A/B - Bot kh (o ong eu)
- Cac van ieu chnh toc o kh

8 Bo ieu chnh pH pHC/pHS01 - Hien th & hoat ong ieu khien t

ong bm nh lng
- Kiem tra va ve sinh sensor (1 tuan/
1lan)
10 Thiet b cao bun S01 - Kiem tra: lng nht trong hop so,
be lang s cap tieng keu khi hoat ong
- Hoat ong thiet b (lng bun trong
nc sau lang)
be lang sinh hoc tieng keu khi hoat ong
- Hoat ong thiet b (lng bun trong
nc sau lang)
be nen bun tieng keu khi hoat ong
- Hoat ong thiet b (o set cua bun),
hien tng bun noi
12 He thong ep bun FC01, BFP01 - Hoat ong tach nc
- Tieng keu khi hoat ong
13 au ot kh biogas F01 - Cac van o ap lc kh

- Che o ot t ong
- Bo phan chan la ngc
14 May nen kh AC01 - Kiem tra tieng on khi hoat ong
- Kiem tra ong ho o ap
- o m cua van
- Day coroa
- Mc dau boi trn

III.1.3 Kiem tra he thong ien cung cap
Kiem tra ien:
Kiem tra ve ien ap : u ap (380V), u pha (3 pha), dong nh mc cung cap

(5A). Neu khong u ieu kien van hanh: mat pha, thieu hoac d ap, dong
thieu hoac dong cao hn mc cho phep th khong nen hoat ong he thong v
luc nay cac thiet b se de xay ra s co.
Kiem tra trang thai lam viec cua cac cong tac, cau dao. Tat ca cac thiet b
phai trang thai san sang lam viec.
Cac ky hieu ben trong tu ien ieu khien:
ON, OFF - ong m nguon cap cho tu ien ieu khien
AUTO, MAN - Che o ieu khien t ong va bang tay

en cua may nao tren tu ien sang th may o ang hoat ong.
o Cac nut nhan xanh : M may
o Cac nut nhan o : Tat may
He thong x ly nc thai c ieu khien 02 che o :
Che o t ong - Hoat ong theo che o ieu khien t ong bang he thong
PLC va he thong thu thap, hien th so lieu SCADA.
Che o ieu khien bang tay - Hoat ong theo s ieu khien cua cong nhan
van hanh tai tu ong lc.
Khi tu ien co coi bao s co vang len, ngi van hanh lap tc ti tu ien
ngat ien toan he thong (CB tong). Kiem tra may nao co s co va kp thi
sa cha.

III.2 Ky thuat van hanh
III.2.1 Cac thong so can kiem soat
a. Kiem soat chat lng nc thai vao
Khi lu lng va chat lng nc thai tiep nhan thay oi, th moi trng cua
be UASB, be Aerotank va be lang thay oi theo. Neu qua trnh bun k kh be UASB,
bun hoat tnh be Aerotank c thiet lap tot, BOD va SS sau khi x ly phai nho hn
20mg/l. Neu lu lng vao hoac nong o chat o nhiem trong dong vao tang ang ke
(qua 10%), can phai ieu chnh cac thong so van hanh.
Lu lng:
Kiem tra lu lng nc thai la can thiet cho s duy tr hoat ong on nh cua
he thong. giai oan duy tr, lu lng can duy tr la 41.7m3/h (1000m3/ngay). Lu
lng cung vi nong o BOD, COD xac nh tai trong cua be Aerotank.
BOD, COD :
Kiem tra nong o COD e kiem soat cac qua trnh trong be. T so BOD/COD cho
biet t le cac chat hu c de phan huy sinh hoc co trong nc thai. BOD la thong so
the hien lng chat hu c co the b oxy hoa bang vi sinh vat. Ch so COD the hien
toan bo chat hu c b oxy hoa thuan tuy bang tac nhan hoa hoc. Ty so BOD/COD
dung kiem soat nong o chat hu c thch hp cho qua trnh x ly sinh hoc.
Cac chat dinh dng :
Nit, phospho la hai thanh phan dinh dng quan trong nhat cho s phat trien
cua vi sinh vat. Nit va phospho can co so lng u e ap ng nhu cau dinh dng
cua cac vi sinh vat. Ty le BOD : N : P trong be can bang can duy tr 100 : 5 : 1 la ap
ng tng oi u cho nhu cau phat trien cua cac vi sinh vat.
pH :
Qua trnh x ly sinh hoc k kh hoat ong tot pH = 6.8 7.2 va sinh hoc hieu kh
hoat ong tot pH = 6.5 - 8.5. Neu pH thay oi th can phai bo sung axit/xut e a
pH cua be ve moi trng thch hp cho vi sinh vat hoat ong.
Nhiet o :
X ly nc thai bang phng phap x ly sinh hoc hieu kh thc chat la qua
trnh oxy hoa chat hu c bi cac vi sinh vat. Do o yeu cau kiem tra nhiet o cua
nc tao ieu kien cho cac vi sinh vat phat trien e nang cao hieu qua x ly cua be.
ieu kien tot nhat la duy tr nhiet o cua dong nc thai trong khoang 25 35oC (ay
la khoang nhiet o bnh thng tai Viet Nam).

b. Kiem soat be UASB
Hoat ong cua be phan ng UASB can c duy tr ieu kien thch hp sau:
pH:
e am bao cho vi sinh vat sinh trng va phat trien bnh thng th pH nam
trong khoang 6,8 - 7,2. Trong ieu kien nay, s sinh trng va phat trien cua vi
khuan sinh metan at gia tr cc ai.
Nhiet o:
Nhiet o tot cho qua trnh len men tao kh metan la 350C. e be hoat ong tot
can gi nhiet o be khong c dao ong qua ln.
Nhiet o on nh t : 300C - 350C.
Tai trong hu c:
Tai trong hu c at t 5 - 7 kg COD/m3.ngay
Van toc nc dang:
Van toc nc dang trong be duy tr trong khoang 0,58 1,2 m/h.
Can phai duy tr van toc dong nc thai i len tao nen trang thai l lng lien
tuc cua he bun hat.
Bun hat:
Toc o bun hat hnh thanh on nh, bun trong be khong co hien tng trng
phong.
Can phai thu can, bun lang di ay be sau mot thi gian dai hoat ong
(khoang 6 thang/1 lan).
Kh biogas
Khi be hoat ong on nh, lu lng kh thu c luon on nh theo thi gian.
c. Kiem soat be Aerotank
pH
Gia tr pH cua nc thai anh hng en qua trnh hoa sinh cua vi sinh vat, qua
trnh tao bun va lang. Qua trnh x ly sinh hoc hieu kh hoat ong tot vi gia tr
pH trong khoang 6.5 - 8.5. Trong be x ly sinh hoc, do co cac hoat ong phan
huy cua cac vi sinh vat va qua trnh giai phong CO2 nen pH cua cac be luon
thay oi. Gia tr pH thay oi theo chieu hng tang la do: qua trnh bien oi
cac axit thanh kh CO2.

Bang 6: Cac khoang gia tr pH
STT Khoang gia tr Cach anh gia

1 pH = 6.5 8.5 Khoang gia tr pH tot cho vi sinh
2 pH < 6.5 + Phat trien chung vi sinh dang nam
+ c che qua trnh phan huy chat hu c
3 pH > 8.5 + c che qua trnh phan huy chat hu c
Tai trong hu c BOD, COD
Tai trong hu c anh hng trc tiep ti qua trnh x ly sinh hoc hieu kh. Do o
can co s kiem soat BOD, COD e gi cho tai trong be on nh va at hieu suat
toi u.
S qua tai dan en:
- Giam hieu suat qua trnh.

- Tang ham lng BOD, COD cua nc sau khi x ly.
- Trng bun.
Nong o oxy hoa tan - DO
Nong o oxy hoa tan toi u la t 1.5 2.5 mg/l. Nhu cau oxy tuy thuoc vao tai
trong hu c (BOD; COD) va nong o bun (MLSS) trong be phan ng. Nong o oxy
hoa tan nen c o thng xuyen va tai nhieu v tr khac nhau trong be
Aerotank.
S thieu oxy trong be phan ng dan en :
- Giam hieu suat x ly va chat lng nc sau x ly.

- Giam kha nang lang, tang so lng vi khuan dang si.
- c che qua trnh oxy hoa .
Nong o oxy cao dan en :
- Pha v bong bun

- Giam kha nang lang, nc sau x ly b uc.
- Ton nang lng.
Kiem soat bun
oi vi be Aerotank, can phai theo doi chat che s hnh tha nh bun trong be.
Tnh quan trong cua bun la kha nang tao bong.

Bun trong be Aerotank thng co tuoi ln, t 3 15 ngay. Hoat tnh cua bun
giam theo tuoi cua bun.
SV/SVI la ch tieu anh gia kha nang lang va chat lng cua bun hoat tnh. SV
la mot ieu can kiem soat va phai theo doi hang ngay.
SV SV : the tch bun lang (ml/l)

SVI x1000
MLSS MLSS : ham lng chat ran l lng (mg/l)
Bang 7:Cac khoang gia tr SV/SVI

1 SV = 300 600ml/l Ch so SV/SVI cang nho, bun lang cang nhanh va
SVI = 80 150ml/g cang ac.
2 600 < SV < 700ml/l Kho lang

150 < SVI < 200ml/g
3 SV > 700ml/l Rat kho lang
SVI > 200ml/g
Lng bun ngay mot gia tang do s phat trien cua cac vi sinh vat cung nh
viec tach cac chat ban ra khoi nc thai. So lng bun d khong giup ch cho
viec x ly nc thai ngc lai neu khong lay i con la tr ngai ln. Lng bun d
nay c bm sang be nen bun e tang nong o chat ran, sau o bm vao may
ep bun va thai bo dang ac set.
Ty so F/M va MLSS
iem noi bat cua Aerotank o la qua trnh x ly phu thuoc vao lng bun hoat
tnh trong he thong va hoat tnh cua vi sinh vat. e van hanh thanh cong, nhan
vien van hanh can thiet phai duy tr s quan sat va kiem tra lien tuc hang ngay
ham lng bun hoat tnh MLSS.
Ty so tai trong F/M la ty so lng thc an (BOD) cung cap moi ngay cho khoi
lng vi sinh vat trong be Aerotank. Ty so F/M c s dung e kiem soat lng
MLSS trong be Aerotank va co gia tr dao ong t 0,2 1,0
Bang 8: Cac khoang gia tr F/M
STT Khoang gia tr Cach x ly

1 0,15 1,0 Khoang gia tr F/M can duy tr
2 >1,0 Giam tai trong au vao be aerotank bang cach:
+ Tang thi gian suc kh
+ Tang lng bun tuan hoan
+ Giam tai lng au vao
3 <0,2 + Giam thi gian suc kh.
+ Tang lng bun thai bo

Ch so MLSS: c nh ngha la hon hp c hoa tron t bun hoat tnh va

nc thai. ay chnh la ham lng bun can (bao gom ca sinh khoi vi sinh vat va
cac loai chat ran co trong bun). MLSS phu thuoc vao lu lng tuan hoan cua
bun hoat tnh va can duy tr trong khoang 2500 3500 mg/l.
Bang 9:Cac khoang gia tr MLSS
STT Khoang gia tr Cach x ly

1 2500 3500 mg/l Khoang gia tr MLSS tot, can duy tr
2 < 2500 mg/l Giam lng bun hoat tnh d rut ra khoi be
aerotank (giam thi gian bm bun d)
3 > 3500 mg/l Tang lng bun hoat tnh d rut ra khoi be
aerotank (tang thi gian bm bun d)
Tao bot
Lp bot trang noi trong be Aerotank la net ac trng he sinh hoc. Nhng bot
nay thng xuat hien nhieu giai oan khi ong va xuat hien rat t khi be hoat
ong on nh.
S thay oi mau va so lng bot cho biet tnh trang cua be trong khi van hanh
qua trnh.
So lng bot trang nhieu:
- Trong giai oan khi ong, bun non ang trong giai oan thch nghi.
- S tang chat tay ra trong nc thai.
- Qua tai bun.
- Co chat c che va oc chat.
- pH cao hoac qua thap.
- Thieu oxy.
- Thieu dinh dng.
- ieu kien nhiet o that thng.
Bot nau:
- Vi khuan dang si - Nocardia cung vi bun trng.

- Tai lng thap cua be phan ng.
- Nc thai cha dau m.
Bot en sam:
- Nc thai co cha chat mau.

- Thieu oxy.

Mui - mau:
Moi loai nc thai co mau va mui ac trng, tuy thuoc vao thanh phan hoa
hoc cua nc thai ay. S thay oi cua nhng tnh chat nay co the do thanh
phan nc thai thay oi va no anh hng en qua trnh sinh hoc.
Bun sinh hoc thng co mau vang nau. Khi qua tai hoac khong u oxy th mau
vang nau nay se tr thanh mau xam hay en. Khi thieu oxy, qua trnh sinh hoc
yem kh xay ra va sinh ra mui kho chu cua H2S, mercaptans...
Trong be Aerotank, mau bun hoat tnh lay t o cao khac nhau co mau vang
nau the hien be hoat ong tot. Neu co lp bun bong mau en can lap tc kiem
tra cac thong so lien quan va tm bien phap khac phuc.
d. Kiem soat nc sau khi x ly
pH
pH cua nc sau x ly la mot tieu chuan anh gia qua trnh x ly va co the
lam c s cho viec ieu chnh pH cua nc thai.
BOD
BOD cua nc sau khi x ly sinh hoc la ai lng ac trng cho hieu sua t x ly
cua qua trnh.
S tang BOD cua nc sau khi x ly co the do nhng nguyen nhan sau:
- Qua tai.
- Thieu oxy (trng hp be Aerotank).
- pH khong on nh.
- Thieu dinh dng.
- Trung oc.
V phan tch BOD5 mat khoang 5 ngay e cho ra ket qua phan tch nen kho kiem
tra qua trnh da tren BOD. Do vay, ta thng ket hp vi viec xac nh COD.
COD
COD ac trng cho lng hu c con lai trong nc sau x ly, COD bao gom
ca thanh phan co the phan huy sinh hoc va khong the phan huy sinh hoc. Viec
phan tch COD co the c s dung cho viec kiem soat qua trnh.
S tang COD cua nc sau x ly co the do nhng nguyen nhan tng t oi

vi s tang BOD. Tuy vay, COD cung co the thay oi neu tnh chat nc thai
khong on nh (co cha nhieu chat khong phan huy sinh hoc). Trong trng hp
o BOD tng ng khong thay oi.

Chat ran l lng
Chat ran l lng cho phep chung ta anh gia tnh chat cua bun. S gia tang chat
ran l lng co the do nhng nguyen nhan sau:
- S trng bun.
- Bun tang trng qua manh.
- Bun chet (sau khi trung oc).
- Lng bun d qua nhieu.
- Thiet b gat bun khong hoat ong.
o uc
Noi chung nc thai sau x ly cua he thong sinh hoc rat trong. o uc cho biet
s hien dien cua chat ran l lng. Chat ran l lng thng la nhng bong bun troi
theo dong nc sau x ly, do bun trng, trung oc, qua tai...
oi khi chat ran l lng cung co the la nhng chat hoa hoc khong the phan
huy sinh hoc. Bieu hien o uc loai nay cho thay qua trnh hoat ong cha tot.
III.2.2 Van hanh giai oan khi ong:
a. Be UASB
Trnh t cac bc nh sau :
Bm nc thai qua thiet b o lu lng, chnh lu lng sao cho tai trong be at
gia tr on nh 2 kgCOD/m3.ngay va tang dan len theo hieu qua x ly cua be en
6 kgCOD/m3ngay. Nhiet o cua nc thai len gia tr la 300C - 35OC.
Che o hoat ong trong cac thang phu thuoc vao lng nc thai cua nha may.
Trong thc te can co s kiem tra chnh xac nong o cac chat e co s ieu chnh
ap ng yeu cau toi u cua be phan ng.
Trong thi gian au t 3 en 5 ngay, bm tuan hoan 100% lng nc thai vi

muc ch lam cac vi sinh vat phuc hoi. Sau o duy tr che o hoat ong lien tuc.
Trong giai oan khi ong, lay mau va phan tch la rat can thiet v chung giup
cho ngi van hanh ieu chnh ung thong so hoat ong cua cac thiet b, cong
trnh x ly.
Can co s ket hp quan sat cac thong so vat ly nh o mui, o mau, o uc, lp
bot trong be cung nh dong chay.
Thong thng, giai oan khi ong se ket thuc sau 3 4 thang van hanh.
b. Be Aerotank
Trnh t cac bc nh sau :

Nguon nc dung nuoi cay vi sinh co the s dung nc sach hay tan dung nguon
nc thai san co nhng tai lng chat hu c khong nen qua cao (>100kg
BOD/ngay ).
Cho bun hoat tnh hoac men vi sinh vao be e tien hanh nuoi cay vi sinh
Cung cap kh vao be e duy tr s song cho vi sinh vat.
Theo doi va phan tch cac ch tieu can thiet: pH, DO, SV, SVI.
Tang dan tai trong hu c en mc thch hp (300 350 kgBOD/ngay) th giai
oan khi ong ket thuc, qua trnh van hanh i vao on nh.
Trong giai oan khi ong, thong so DO thng dao ong rat ln (1.5 8 mgO2/l),
tao nhieu bot trang kho tan. Can lien tuc vt bo bot noi tren be mat be Aerotank.
e anh gia hoat ong cua he thong can phai theo doi chat che hoat ong
phan huy cua vi sinh trong cac be phan ng. Viec anh gia, xac nh trang thai
on nh va toi u ch co the at c tren c s :
- Hieu biet ve cac thiet b ky thuat.
- Hieu biet ve qua trnh be Aerotank.
- Theo doi va phan tch thng xuyen cac ac tnh cua nc thai, trang thai
hoat ong cua be, cac thong so cua qua trnh. Cac ket qua theo doi bien
thien theo thi gian c the hien tren o th
- Ghi chep cac thong so e rut ra kinh nghiem.
Can co s quan sat cac thong so vat ly nh o mui, o mau, o uc, lp bot
trong be cung nh dong chay. Tan so quan sat la hang ngay.
Trong be Aerotank, qua trnh phan huy cua vi sinh vat phu thuoc vao cac ieu
kien sau: pH cua nc thai, nhiet o, cac chat dinh dng, nong o bun va tnh
ong nhat cua nc thai. Do o can phai theo doi cac thong so nay.
Thong thng, giai oan khi ong se ket thuc sau 1 thang van hanh.
III.2.3 Van hanh giai oan duy tr
a. Be can bang
- Duy tr hoat ong cua 02 may khuay chm e ieu hoa lu lng va nong o
cac thanh phan trong nc thai au vao.
- ieu chnh pH thch hp trc khi vao be UASB : pH = 6.8 7.2
b. Be UASB
Hoat ong cua be phan ng UASB can c duy tr ieu kien thch hp nh sau :
- pH trong khoang t 6,8 - 7,2

- Nhiet o on nh t : 300C - 350C.

- Ty le COD : N : P = 350 : 5 : 1
- Tai trong hu c at t 5 - 7 kg COD/m3.ngay
- Ham lng axt beo bay hi VFA < 3meq
- Van toc nc dang trong be duy tr trong khoang 0,58 1,2 m/h
Cac bc tien hanh
Tang lu lng nc au vao len gia tr 41.7 m3/h. e am bao he thong hoat
ong tot, can duy tr che o hoat ong on nh, tranh s tang giam lu lng va
nong o ot ngot.
Qua trnh hoat ong cua he thong phai c kiem tra theo doi khong ch giai
oan khi ong ma trong toan bo qua trnh van hanh. Gia tr cua cac thong so kiem
soat hau het giong vi giai oan khi ong, co mot vai thong so thay oi nh sau:
- Lu lng nc au vao c nang len 41.7 m3/h.
- Lng bun hat hnh thanh ln hn.
- Lu lng kh thu c ln hn va luon on nh theo thi gian.
Mot so iem can chu y khi van hanh hoat ong cua be UASB
Hoat ong cua vi khuan se khong co hieu qua neu chat hu c len men khong
tron eu. Neu be mat nc co lp vang day bao phu can phai khuay tron e pha
tan lp vang o. Nc thai vao be can co ham lng c chat on nh, tranh hien
tng gay soc cho be.
Nhiet o tot cho qua trnh len men tao kh metan la 350C. e be hoat ong tot can
gi nhiet o be khong c dao ong qua ln.
e am bao cho vi sinh vat sinh trng va phat trien bnh thng th pH cua moi
trng luon phai trung tnh hoac hi kiem (6,8 - 7,2). Trong ieu kien nay, s sinh
trng va phat trien cua vi khuan sinh metan at gia tr cc ai.
Do hoat ong lau nen trong be co the tch luy cac ion NH4+, Ca, K, Na, Zn, SO42-..
nong o cao qua cac ion nay co the anh hng en sinh trng va phat trien cua vi
khuan sinh metan. e khac phuc tnh trang tren ngi ta co the thu can lang sau mot
thi gian dai hoat ong (khoang 6 thang/ 1 lan).
c. Be Aerotank
oi vi phng phap x ly sinh hoc hieu kh, giai oan khi ong rat ngan nen
khong co s khac biet gia giai oan duy tr so vi giai oan khi ong. Giai oan
duy tr cac thong so sau:
- pH cua nc thai trong khoang : 6.5 8.5
- Nong o oxy hoa tan DO = 1.5 2.5 mgO2/l

- Ch so SV = 300 600ml/l, ng vi ch so SVI = 80 150 ml/g
- Gia tr MLSS = 2.500 3.500 mg/l
- Gia tr F/M = 0.2 1.0
- T le BOD : N : P = 100 : 5 : 1
+ Xac nh ham lng MLSS can duy tr trong be Aerotank

MLSS bieu th ham lng vi sinh vat trong be Aerotank, MLSS cang cao th co kha
nang kh BOD nong o cao hn. Tuy nhien gia tr nay cung co khoang gii han nhat
nh t 1000 10.000mg/l. Thong thng ngi ta chon MLSS trong khoang 2500
3500mg/l e de dang van hanh va kiem soat.
L BOD
MLSS (*)
F/M x VAroten
Trong o:
- MLSS: nong o bun hoat tnh, mg/l
- LBOD: Tai lng BOD can x ly hang ngay, kgBOD/ngay
- F/M: lng thc an tren lng vi sinh vat, kgBOD/kgMLSS.ngay, F/M: 0.2 1.0
- V: The tch be Aerotank, m3
+ Tnh lu lng bun tuan hoan

Hon hp bun hoat tnh/nc thai a x ly c chay lien tuc sang be lang. e
bu lai lng bun hoat tnh ra khoi be Aerotank nay can phai hoi lu bun t be lang
quay tr ve be Aerotank e am bao u nong o bun hoat tnh (MLSS) cho viec x ly
chat thai lien tuc i vao he thong cung vi dong vao.
Tuy thuoc vao yeu cau chat lng x ly (BODkh), MLSS can thiet e duy tr trong
be ma ta xac nh c lu lng tuan hoan can thiet (lu lng tuan hoan c
thay oi bang cach ieu chnh van hoi lu hoac so lng bm, khong nen ieu chnh
thi gian bm v se gay ra hien tng bun noi trong be lang th cap).
Neu toc o bun hoi lu qua thap, se keo theo nhng tnh trang phat trien khong
theo y muon:
Vi sinh vat trong be Aerotank khong u e x ly tai lng chat thai dong
vao (thc an cho vi sinh vat).
Bun phan huy yem kh co the phat trien do thi gian lu trong be lang th
cap qua dai.
S tch tu cua bun trong be lang tao ra mot lp bun day lam cho chat ran
se dan noi len va se thoat theo nc thai sau x ly.

Neu qua trnh thong kh u e tao ra nitrat trong be aerotank th qua trnh
kh nitrat co the dan en viec bun noi len va nhng chat ran theo sau
dong ra.
e bao am rang hau het chat ran se quay lai be aerotank, toc o bm bun
hoi lu cao hn tnh toan mot chut e hoi lu vi sinh vat vao be Aerotank cang nhanh
cang tot. Tuy nhien, phai tranh cho toc o bun hoi lu qua cao bi v lu lng qua
cao se lam giam thi gian lu cua nc thai trong be Aerotank va be lang th cap
Lu lng bun tuan hoan c xac nh theo cong thc:

Q*X
Qr (**)
Xr X
Trong o:
- Q: lu lng tram x ly, m3/ngay
- Qr: lu lng bun tuan hoan, m3/ngay
- X: nong o bun hoat tnh trong be Aerotank, mg/l
- Xr: nong o bun hoat tnh trong be bun tuan hoan (6000 10.000mg/l)
Q Q + Qr Qeff
Be Aerotank X Be lang Xeff
V
Qr
Xr
+ Tnh lng bun hoat tnh thai bo

Theo ly thuyet, moi 1 kg BOD c phan huy se sinh ra khoang 0,55kg bun hoat tnh.
V vay, lu lng bun hoat tnh thai ra phu thuoc trc tiep vao tai lng chat thai i
vao he thong. Neu tai lng chat thai i vao tang th lng bun thai ra cung tang va
ngc lai.
V du: Cho biet lu lng trung bnh cua nha may x ly nc thai nha may
Snackfood cua PEPSICO la 1000m3/ngay, BOD cua nc thai dong vao be Aerotank
BODin = 585 mg/l, yeu cau BOD sau x ly Aerotank BODout = 25 mg/l, F/M = 0.3, the tch
be VAerotank = 627m3, lng bun sinh ra 0.55kgDS/1kgBODre. Xac nh cac gia tr sau:
- MLSS can duy tr trong be Aerotank e at hieu qua x ly nh mong muon
- Lu lng bun tuan hoan, Qr

- Lng bun thai bo moi ngay, M. Cho biet nong o bun trong be bun d la
1.2%; be nen bun: 2.5%, sau may ep bun: 20%
Tnh toan:
Xac nh MLSS can duy tr trong be Aerotank:
- BOD can x ly: BOD = 585 25 = 560 mg/l = 0.56 kg/m3
- Tai trong BOD: L = BOD * Q = 0.56 kg/m3 * 1000m3 /ngay = 560kg/ngay
- Nong o bun hoat tnh: MLSS = L/(V*F/M) = 560/(627*0.3) = 2.98 kg/m3
Chon MLSS can duy tr la 3.0kg/m3 = 3000mg/l
Xac nh lu lng bun tuan hoan:
- T (**): Qr = (1000*3.0)/(10 3.0) = 429 m3/ngay = 18 m3/h
Xac nh lng bun thai bo:
- Lng bun phat sinh (bun d): m = 0.55 * 560 = 308 kgDS/ngay
- Lng bun d can thai bo qua be nen bun:
Q1= 308/(0.012*1000) = 25.7 m3/ngay
- Lng bun thai bo qua may ep bun: Q2 = 25.7 * 0.012/0.025 = 12.34 m3/ngay
- Lng bun thai bo moi ngay: M = 12.34 * 0.025/0.2 = 1.54 m3/ngay
d. Be lang
Hoat ong cua be lang can duy tr ieu kien thch hp sau:
- Khong co hien tng bun noi
- Thiet b gat bun hoat ong on nh
- Nc au ra trong
III.3 Cac s co qua trnh va bien phap khac phuc
III.3.1 Ngng hoat ong
Co nhieu ly do e dng hoat ong bnh thng he thong x ly nc thai:
Sa cha, x ly s co ve may moc, chat lng nc thai
Nang cap he thong
Khi khong co nc thai trong thi gian dai, can lam theo cac quy nh sau e duy
tr toi a hoat tnh cua bun :
Gi nc thai trong be cha cang nhieu cang tot.
Gi on nh gia tr DO trong be Aerotank t 1,5 2,5 mg/l.
Them chat dinh dng vao be Aerotank neu can thiet.
III.3.2 Cac s co be UASB va bien phap khac phuc
Qua trnh phan huy k kh trong be UASB trai qua cac giai oan sau:
Cac chat hu Pha Cac chat hu Pha Cac chat hu Pha CH4, CO2
c phc tap phan c n gian axit c phc tap kiem H2O...
huy

a. He thong bm tuan hoan

Tuan hoan co y ngha rat quan trong trong qua trnh x ly k kh kieu UASB. V
chnh nh he thong nay mi am bao c van toc dang nc trong be la 0.58 -
1.2 m/h va bun trong he thong se tao thanh tang soi hay con goi la lp em bun.
Trong trng hp hoat ong cua he thong bm b gian oan (do mat ien, do
hong hoc may moc...), lp bun se b nen lai va s tiep xuc gia cac vi sinh vat va
nguon thc an dinh dng b han che, bun se b phan huy mot phan va qua trnh
kh nitrat dien ra lam bun trng va chay ra khoi he thong. Chat lng nc sau
x ly se kem i rat nhieu. V vay, khi co s co bm tuan hoan can giam lu lng
nc thai vao he thong.
b. o pH
o pH cua nc thai anh hng trc tiep en qua trnh chuyen hoa chat hu
c trong be UASB
Bang 10: Cac khoang gia tr pH trong be UASB

1 pH = 6.7 7.0 Khoang gia tr pH tot cho qua trnh, can duy tr
2 pH < 5 - ang trong giai oan axit hoa, qua trnh phan
huy k kh cha xay ra hoan toan
- Sinh mui hoi thoi
3 pH > 8 c che s hoat ong cua vi khuan sinh me tan
c. Ham lng acid beo bay hi (VFA)

VFA la mot thong so quan trong v gia tr ham lng VFA bieu th cho tng giai
oan chuyen hoa chat hu c trong be UASB.
Bang 11: Cac khoang gia tr VFA trong be UASB
Khoang gia tr Nguyen nhan Cach x ly

VFA > 3meq Hien tng qua tai - ieu chnh pH = 6.7 7.0
- Tai trong COD = 5 7kg/m3.ngay
- Giam lu lng dong vao
VFA < 3meq Qua trnh chuyen hoa - Duy tr che o van hanh nay
chat hu c xay ra hoan
toan

III.3.3. Cac s co be Aerotank va bien phap khac phuc
Bang 12: Cac s co thng gap be Aerotank va bien phap khac phuc
Bieu hien Nguyen nhan Kiem tra Giai phap
1. Bun noi tren be mat be 1a. Vi sinh sinh vat dang si Neu SVI <100, co the khong Neu DO tai au cuoi be Aerotank
lang th cap (Filamentous) chiem so lng phai do nguyen nhan 1a; <1,5mg/l, tang lng kh thoi vao be
ln trong bun Dung knh hien vi e kiem Aerotank e DO tai cuoi be Aerotank >
tra xem co vi sinh vat dang 2mg/l.
si trong bun hay khong. Giam F/M.
Tang thi gian hoi lu bun va giam hoac
dng viec thai bun.
Bo sung thieu hut dinh dng e ty so
at ty so BOD:N:P =100:5:1.
Tang pH en 7.
1b. Qua trnh Denitrat hoa xay Kiem tra nong o Nitrat Tang toc o bm bun d
ra trong be lang th cap; cac au vao cua be lang. Tang DO trong be
bong kh Nit xam nhap vao
Tang F/M.
hat bun va keo bun noi len tren
Giam lu lng nc thai neu s tang
be mat nc.
toc o bm bun d khong co hieu qua.
2. Nc thai sau x ly 2a. Be Aerotank b khuay tron Kiem tra DO Giam s khuay tron trong be Aerotank.
uc. qua manh.
2b. Bun gia. Kiem tra bun Tang lng thai bun, giam bun hoi lu
2c. Tnh trang yem kh trong be Kiem tra DO Tang DO trong be Aerotank > 1,5mg/l .
Aerotank.
2d. Nc thai au vao co cha Kiem tra bun bang knh hien Phan lap lai vi sinh vat neu co the.
cac chat oc hai. vi oi vi VSV Protozoa. Dng thai bun; hoi lu lai toan bo bun


trong be lang e thiet lap lai quan the vi
sinh
3. Bun trong be Aerotank S thong kh khong u, tao Kiem tra DO trong be Kiem tra thiet b thoi kh.
co xu hng tr nen vung chet va bun nhiem Aerotank Tang cong suat thiet b thoi kh.
en. khuan thoi
4. Vang bot mau nau F/M qua thap. Neu F/M nho hn nhieu so Tang lng bun thai e tang F/M. Tang
en ben vng trong be vi F/M thong thng th len toc o va phai va phai kiem tra
Aerotank ma phun ay chnh la nguyen nhan can than. Giam lu lng bun hoi lu
nc vao cung khong
the pha v ra.
5. Lp song bot trang day 5a. MLSS qua thap. Kiem tra MLSS. Giam bun thai, tang hoi lu bun.
trong be Aerotank
5b. S co mat cua nhng chat Neu mc MLSS la thch hp, Giam sat nhng dong thai ma co the
hoat ong be mat khong nguyen nhan co the la do cha cac chat hoat ong be mat.
phan huy sinh hoc. s co mat cua chat hoat
ong be mat.
6. Nong o MLSS hai be Lu lng nc thai, bun Kiem tra lu lng ti moi ieu hoa lu lng phan phoi
Aerotank khac nhau. phan phoi ti cac be be.
Aerotank khong eu nhau.
7. em bun qua day 7a. Toc o bm bun hoi lu, Kiem tra lai cac bm bun . Kiem tra bm bun va ng ong bun
trong be lang th cap bm bun d khong u. Tang lu lng bm bun hoi lu (neu co
va co the troi theo the), bm bun d va giam sat o sau
dong ra. em bun mot cach thng xuyen.
7b. Lu lng tang qua cao Kiem tra tong lu lng vao Thiet lap lu lng ieu kien can bang.
lam qua tai be lang. be lang. Tnh toan lai che o van hanh cua he
thong.

8. Lp bun chay tran qua Lu lng phan phoi vao be Kiem tra mang tran. ieu chnh mc dong ra trong mang
mot phan cua mang lang khong eu. tran.
tran cua be lang th Kiem va ieu chnh tam chan.
cap.
9. pH trong be Aerotank < Nc thai co tnh acid cao Kiem tra pH dong vao Tang lu lng bm kiem vao ngan tron
6,7 hoac thap hn. i vao he thong.
10. Nong o bun trong 10a.Toc o bm bun hoi lu Kiem tra nong o bun hoi Giam toc o hoi lu bun.
bun hoi lu thap (<8000 va/hoac bun d qua cao. lu, kiem tra kha nang lang
mg/l) (SVI).
10b.S sinh trng cua vi sinh Kiem tra bang knh hien vi, Tang DO, tang pH, bo sung Nit va Clo
vat dang si o DO, pH, nong o Nit.

CHNG IV
HE THONG IEN IEU KHIEN,
BAO TR VA BAO DNG THIET B
IV.1 He thong ien ieu khien
He thong ien c thiet ke lap at vi bo nguon 03 phase 380V e ieu khien toan
bo qui trnh hoat ong cua he thong x ly nc thai.V vay, viec duy tr on nh va
an toan cho he thong la rat can thiet, oi hoi trong moi ca trc phai co t nhat 01
cong nhan tay nghe cao, a c tap huan ve chng trnh an toan ien co chng
ch an toan ien va an toan lao ong do c quan co tham quyen cap.
Bo nguon c lap at vi 03 pha, 01 trung tnh va 01 tiep at bao ve. toan bo he

thong x ly nc thai c lap at 04 tu ien (DB01, DB02, DB03).
Tu ien DB01 : ieu khien hoat ong chnh cua he thong.
Tu ien DB02 : ieu khien hoat ong cho thiet b au ot kh.
Tu ien DB03 : ieu khien hoat ong may ep bun.
IV.2 Cac thiet b tieu thu ien

Cac thiet b tieu thu ien bao gom:
Cac may bm (bm chm, bm nh lng)
May thoi kh.
May khuay chm.
Bo ieu chnh pH.
Thiet b cao bun be lang
Thiet b cao bun be nen bun
Thiiet b pha che polymer.
He thong ep bun
Cac thiet b nay gop phan cau thanh mot he thong x ly nc thai hoan thien,
no ong gop ln vao hieu suat x ly cua he thong. V vay cong tac bao tr la
khong c phep xem nhe ma phai co ke hoach cu the e thc hien nh ky va
eu an, am bao duy tr hoat ong cua he thong lien tuc.
IV.3 Bao tr, bao dng thiet b
IV.3.1 Qui trnh thc hien

Chia lam 03 giai oan : Tieu tu, trung tu, ai tu.
40
a. Tieu tu
Thng xuyen thc hien giam sat, kiem tra, ve sinh va tien hanh o ac cac thong
so xem co phu hp vi cac ch so ghi tren nhan may hay khong (02 lan/tuan) nham
phat hien kp thi cac nguyen nhan co the dan en h hong may.
Cac thong so gom: dong ien, ien ap, o cach ien va o on

o on vi cac thiet b c lap chm trong chat long la 70 dB. Vi cac thiet b
c lap tren mat thoang th o on khong vt qua 80 dB.
o cach ien cho phep oi vi cac thiet b dung ien trong li ien ha the la
01M.
ien ap tang cho phep khong vt qua 10% oi vi ien ap ghi tren nhan may
va sut ap khong qua 2 /100V.
Dong ien khong vt qua dong ien ghi tren nhan may.
Phai thng xuyen ve sinh sach se cac thiet b may e qua trnh giai nhiet va
tan nhiet c tot hn.
b. Trung tu
Neu may ang trang thai lam viec on nh th c nh ky 01 thang/lan hoac
500 - 600 gi lam viec ta tien hanh kiem tra 01 lan e thay the cac chi tiet co the b
an mon hoac h hong nh phot bm, phot chan cat, phot chan dau...
Khi thc hien bao tr oi vi cac thiet b lap at trong nc hoac chat long
(khong gay chay no) phai tien hanh keo chung len khoi chat long. oi vi cac thiet
b co trong lng 30 kg th trc tiep dung tay keo len, oi vi cac thiet b ln hn 30
kg phai dung ba lang keo len. Nghiem cam khong c s dung cap cua bm e
keo bm len.
c. ai tu
Neu may ang trang thai lam viec on nh th nh ky t nhat 1 nam /lan hoac
5000 - 7000 gi lam viec phai tien hanh ai tu cho thiet b nham tranh cac h hong
nang co the xay ra dan en thiet b h hong khong the khac phuc c. Cac chi tiet
can thay the bao gom :
Dau cach ien .
Vong bi
Phot bm
Cac roon may b chai cng, (thong thng khi ai tu, cac roon may nen thay
the toan bo).
41
Chu y: Qua trnh hoat ong, bao dng, bao tr phai c ghi chep lai ay u vao bang
theo doi thiet b va ly lch may (ngay bao tr, bao dng, so lan, a thay phu kien g va ghi ro
cac thong so ky thuat e lan bao tr sau viec theo doi se de dang hn).
IV.3.2 Bao tr thiet b

Cac thiet b tieu thu ien, du tot van khong tranh khoi cac rui ro, ngay ca khi s
dung ung chnh xac, ngi s dung de b chu quan khong kiem tra ky trc khi thao
tac dan en tai nan.
Mot so rui ro thng xay ra la:

Rui ro khi noi thiet b vi nguon cung cap ien.
Rui ro do s ro r ien.
e thc hien cong viec bao tr an toan phai tuan theo cac tien trnh sau:
C nhan vien co kinh nghiem va thanh thao trong cong viec thay the va sa
cha cac thiet b ien cung nh cac chi tiet ve c kh cua thiet b tieu thu
ien.
Phai bao am tuyet oi la thiet b a c cach ly khoi nguon cung cap ien.
Cam bang bao hieu e thong bao ve viec sa cha.
Neu sa cha cac thiet b tai ni co kha nang phat sinh nhieu kh oc va de phat
hoa th phai chu y en cac van e sau:
Khong c thc hien viec bao tr mot mnh.
Lam thong thoang ho bm hoac be trc khi bat au cong viec.
Chuan b trc cac thiet b phong chay (bnh cu hoa)
Neu viec sa cha oi hoi phai xuong ho, be, th phai trang b day an toan va
cac phng tien thoat hiem nhanh trong trng hp khan cap.
a. Bao tr bm chm, may khuay chm:

Trnh t thc hien:
Cach ly thiet b khoi nguon cung cap ien.
Keo thiet b len khoi ho bm hoac be.
oi vi bm chm, m buong bm ve sinh sach se, kiem tra xem co vet xc do
ma sat gia canh bm va buong bm khong. ieu nay chng to rang hoac
buong bm b vat cng chen vao gay nen vet xc hoac vong bi a b hong
lam lech tam phai thay vong bi mi.
oi vi may khuay chm, ve sinh sach se canh khuay
o o cach ien gia pha vi pha, pha vi than thiet b xem co b cham mach
hay chap mach khong.
42
Dung mot ly nho trong suot, lay mau dau cach ien (khoang 50 ml) quan sat.
Neu mau dau co mau trang uc ieu nay cho biet phot a b hong v nc
xam nhap vao phai thay phot va dau cach ien. Neu mau dau co mau xam
nhat va can l lng, phai thay dau cach ien. Loai dau can dung la CASTROL
HYDROIL P46 hoac san pham tng ng.
Khi thay the cac chi tiet nh: Phot, roon, phai s dung ung loai cua chnh hang.
Trong trng hp phai s dung cac chi tiet khong chnh hang phai bao am la cac
kch thc phai chuan xac, vat lieu co tnh nang ky thuat tng ng.
Chu y: Khi o ay dau cach ien vao khoang cha phai rut ra 20cc - 25cc e tao vung em
kh thch hp khi dau tang the tch do b nong len. Ngoai ra can phai kiem tra them ve phan
c e khac phuc luon cac h hong nh vong bi, o truc, canh quat ay nc, canh bm ...
b. Bao tr bm nh lng
Kiem tra ien ap nguon au vao cua may co bang ien ap nh mc cua may
khong.
Kiem tra mang bm xem co b xc khong, neu co ieu nay cho biet hoa chat s
dung co lan nhieu tap chat, loai bo tap chat trc khi s dung.
Thng xuyen ve sinh cac au hut va au ay cua may v nhng cho nay can
ban hay bam vao lam nghet au bm.
Khi bm khong len nc, kiem tra au hut cua may co kn hay khong neu khong
kn kh se lot vao lam khong len nc. Khi co kh lot vao buon bm dung tay van nut
xa kh, xa xong van kn tr lai.
Van nut ieu chnh lu lng khong c van qua mc cho phep, neu van qua
se gay h hong may.
Bang 13: Mot so h hong thng gap may bm va bien phap khac phuc
STT H hong Nguyen nhan Bien phap khac phuc
01 May bm khong . Khong co nguon ien . Kiem tra nguon ien, cap
lam viec (khong cung cap en. ien
quay)
02 May bm lam viec . ien nguon mat pha a . Kiem tra va khac phuc lai
nhng co tieng vao motor. nguon ien.
keu gam. . Canh bm b chen bi . Thao cac vat b chen cng
cac vat cng. ra khoi canh bm.
. Hop giam toc b thieu . Kiem tra va bo xung them,
dau, m.mon hoac thay nht mi
. B chen cac vat la co . Kiem tra ve sinh sach se
kch thc ln vao buong
bm, truc vt.
03 May bm hoat . Ngc chieu quay. . ao lai chieu quay.
43
ong nhng khong . Van ong m b nghet, . Kiem tra phat hien va khac
len nc. hoac h hong. phuc lai, neu h hong phai
thay van mi.
. ng ong b tac nghen. . Kiem tra phat hien cho b
nghet va khac phuc lai.
. Cha m van. . M van .
. Rach mang bm . Thay mang bm khac
04 Lu lng bm b . B nghet canh bm, . Kiem tra ,khac phuc lai.
giam van, ng ong.
. Mc nc b can . . Tat bm ngay .
. Nguon ien cung cap . Kiem tra nguon ien va
khong ung. khac phuc.
. Mang bm b ong can . Thao va ra sach bang xa
phong hoac dung dch ac
biet.
05 May bm lam viec . ien ap thap di qui . Tat may, khac phuc lai tnh
vi dong ien vt nh. trang ien ap.
qua gia tr ghi tren . o cach ien cua bm . Say nang cao o cach
nhan may giam qua qui nh, ien.
01M. . Phat hien cho h hong ve
. B s co ve c kh : banh c e khac phuc.
rang, vong bi,
c. Bao tr may thoi kh
Trc khi van hanh can kiem tra mot so iem c ban sau ay:
Kiem tra toan bo cac bulong, ai oc xem co b long ra khong. Thong thng
trong khoang thi gian hoat ong dai ngay cac bulong co xu hng b n i
long do s rung ong cua may.
Kiem tra vong quay, pulley xem no co c trn nhe nhang khong.
Kiem tra mc dau boi trn hop cha dau a ung va phu hp cha.
Kiem tra ng ong va viec ong m cua cac van cua co hoat ong tot
cha.
Kiem tra bo loc kh au vao, neu b ong nhieu bui ban phai ve sinh sach bang
xa phong, sau o lam kho bang hi kh nen.
Kiem tra day coroa phai bao am thang, dung
Trnh t thc hien:
Cach ly thiet b khoi nguon cung cap ien

o o cach ien va s lien he gia cac pha e xem motor con tot khong. Neu
o cach ien giam th phai tam xay lai.
44
Thao catte va day coroa

Dung tay quay pulley au gio xem may lam viec trn, nhe hay khong, co
tieng keu khong
Neu co tieng keu phai thao au gio e kiem tra va khac phuc. Viec thao au
gio phai c chuyen vien co tay nghe cao thc hien.
Ve sinh sach se bo loc kh au vao
Kiem tra banh rang truyen ong xem co b oi mau (mau kim loai sau khi b
nung o), ieu nay the hien banh rang a b lam viec trong ieu kien thieu
dau boi trn, ay la nguyen nhan chnh dan en h hong banh rang.
Bang 14: Mot so h hong thng gap may thoi kh va bien phap khac phuc
01 May khong lam . Khong co nguon ien . Kiem tra nguon ien, cap
viec (khong quay) cung cap en. ien
02 May lam viec . ien nguon mat pha a . Kiem tra va khac phuc lai
nhng co tieng keu vao motor. nguon ien.
gam. . B chen cac vat cng canh . Thao cac vat b chen cng
quat kh ra khoi canh quat kh
. Vong bi kho dau m hoac . Cham dau m cho vong bi
vong bi b h. hoac thay mi.
03 May hoat ong . Ngc chieu quay. . ao lai chieu quay.
nhng khong co kh . Van ong m b nghet, . Kiem tra phat hien va khac
thoat ra hoac h hong. phuc lai, neu h hong phai
thay van mi.
. ng ong b tac nghen. . Kiem tra phat hien cho b
nghet va khac phuc lai.
. Cha m van. . M van .
04 Lu lng kh b . B tac nghen van, ng . Kiem tra, khac phuc lai.
giam ong.
. Nguon ien cung cap . Kiem tra nguon ien va khac
khong ung. phuc.
. Bo phan loc kh b tac . Thao va ra sach bang xa
nghen phong hoac dung dch ac
biet, lam kho bang kh nen.
05 May lam viec vi . ien ap thap di qui nh. . Tat may, khac phuc lai tnh
dong ien vt trang ien ap.
qua gia tr ghi tren . o cach ien cua motor . Lam kho nang cao o cach
nhan may giam qua qui nh, 01M. ien.
. B s co ve c kh : banh . Phat hien cho h hong ve
rang, vong bi. c e khac phuc.
45
. Day coroa qua cang hoac . Can chnh lai ung vao v tr
b lech. va co o vong 5-10mm
Khi may hoat ong lien tuc vi thi gian 2400 gi hoac t nhat 03 thang / lan phai tien
hanh thay nht. Loai nht c dung cho may thoi kh la:
Bang 15: Cac loai nht dung cho may thoi kh
Shell oil co. Ltd Cal tex oil refining SK limited Ssang yong oil refining
co. Ltd co. Ltd
Turbo T68 Regal R O 68 Teresso 68 DN.GEAR LUBE 68
Turbo T100 Regal R O 100 Teresso 100 DN.GEAR LUBE 100
Chu y:
+ An toan khi ve sinh Bo loc kh cua may thoi kh:

Trc khi ve sinh bo loc kh cua may thoi kh phai tat may hoac tot nhat nen
tat toan bo he thong thoi kh. Khong c van hanh he thong thoi kh trong khi
ang ve sinh bo loc kh.
S dung trang b bao ho lao ong: gang tay, knh, khau trang khi ve sinh bo loc
kh.
+ An toan khi van hanh va bao dng may thoi kh:
Trc khi khi ong bat ky may thoi kh nao, phai chac rang tat ca van vao va
ra a c m thong suot toan he thong.
Luon phai eo nut tai chong on khi lam viec gan may thoi kh ang hoat ong.
Ngat nguon ien chnh va treo bang bao Thiet b ang sa cha tai cac v tr
can thiet.
Phai tat may trc o t nhat 30 phut e ha nhiet o cua may xuong.
Xem them tai lieu hng dan bao tr thiet b va cac hng dan cua nha san xuat
thc hien ung quy trnh theo hng dan.
d. Bao tr motor giam toc

H hong thng gap loai thiet b nay la thieu dau boi trn, may lam viec
qua tai dan en h hong cac banh rang truyen ong va lam h may. Mot vai h
hong thng gap nh sau:
Bang 16: Mot vai h hong thng gap Motor giam toc
01 May khong lam . Khong co nguon ien . Kiem tra nguon ien, cap
viec (khong quay) cung cap en. ien
02 May lam viec .ien nguon mat pha . Kiem tra va khac phuc lai
46
nhng co tieng keu a vao motor. nguon ien.

gam. . Canh cong tac b . Thao cac vat b chen cng ra
chen bi cac vat cng. khoi canh cong tac.
. Hop giam toc b thieu . Kiem tra va bo sung them,
dau, m.mon hoac thay nht mi
. Vong bi b kho dau m . Cham dau m hoac thay
hay b h mi.
03 May lam viec vi . ien ap thap di qui . Tat may, khac phuc lai tnh
dong ien vt nh. trang ien ap.
qua gia tr ghi tren . o cach ien cua . Say nang cao o cach ien.
nhan may bm giam qua qui nh,
01M.
. B s co ve c kh : . Phat hien cho h hong ve c
banh rang, vong bi, e khac phuc.
e. Bao tr may pH controller

Viec bao tr may pH controller chu yeu bo phan au o pH. au o pH can
c lam sach vi khoang thi gian 1 tuan I lan. Viec lam sach c tien hanh nh
sau:
Thao au oc pH ra khoi v tr o.
Ra that sach bang nc cat (khong dung tay hay vat cng cha len au ien
cc).
Tiep tuc ra bang dung dch KCl 3M (ngam khoang 15phut).
Ra lai that sach bang nc cat.
Lau kho au oc bang giay mem (dung giay tham nhe len au ien cc).
Gan au oc lai v tr ban au.
Chu y: Viec bao tr au oc khong thng xuyen hoac khong ung qui trnh de dan en
viec giam tuoi tho cua au oc (h hong, oc khong ung tr so, ...)
47
CHNG V
GHI CHEP VA LU GI SO LIEU

V.1 S can thiet phai lu gi so lieu
Nhan vien van hanh phai ghi nhan cac so lieu ve lu lng va thanh phan n c
thai tiep nhan, cac ket qua th nghiem, tnh trang may moc thiet b va nhng hien
tng quan sat c bang cam quan. Nhng so lieu nay se giup cho nhan vien van
hanh tm ra quy luat van hanh he thong on nh nhat. ac biet giup cho nhan vien
van hanh phat hien sm nhng van e nay sinh pha v s on nh cua he thong t
o co phng an ieu chnh kp thi.
V.1.1 S thay oi ve lu lng va tnh chat nc thai tiep nhan

Nc thai tiep nhan tai tram bm bao gom tat ca cac loai nc thai t cac qua
trnh san xuat cua nha may. Do o, nc thai tiep nhan phu thuoc vao qua trnh san
xuat va sinh hoat tai cac xng san xuat. Lu lng va thanh phan nc thai thay
oi chu yeu theo chu ky san xuat cua cac nha may va theo mua. Bi vay, can thiet
phai tm ra mot quy luat ve s thay oi nay e tranh trng hp phai lien tuc phan
tch xac nh thanh phan nc thai, giup giam thieu cac thao tac van hanh. Cong
tac ghi chep va lu gi so lieu se giup tm ra quy luat o.
V.1.2. Cac thay oi trong qua trnh van hanh

Neu nc thai sau x ly khong at yeu cau th nhan vien van hanh phai xac nh
xem yeu to nao a anh hng ti hoat ong cua he thong va lam giam hieu suat x
ly. Nhng yeu to quan trong co the anh hng gom:
S thay oi lu lng va tai lng BOD va COD au vao.

Co cac thanh phan kho x ly trong nc thai au vao.
Nong o MLSS, trong be Aerotank khong thch hp.
Toc o bun hoi lu ve be Aerotank khong thch hp co the anh hng ti nong
o MLSS trong be Aerotank.
Toc o thai bun hoat tnh tai be lang th cap cao hn hoac thap hn yeu cau.
Nong o oxy trong be Aerotank giam xuong di mc cho phep.
Nhiet o nc thai tang hoac giam ot bien.
Do thieu chat dinh dng.
V.2 Cac thong so can c ghi chep, lu gi

e de dang theo doi, quan sat va kiem soat hoat ong cua nha may x ly can thiet
lap bieu mau mo ta ay u cac thong so c ban e cap ben di.
48
V.2.1 Thanh phan va tnh chat nc thai

1. Lu lng nc thai hang ngay
Tong lu lng trong 1 ca

Lu lng toi a va toi thieu
2. Ket qua phan tch cac ch tieu
Can phai theo doi va ghi chep thng xuyen cac thong so phan tch th nghiem,
ac biet trong giai oan khi ong nham kiem soat hoat ong cua tram x ly. Khi he
thong a i vao on nh can chu y en cac thong so: BOD, COD, SS, VSS, SVI, DO,
lng bun phat sinh va thai bo hang ngay
V.2.2 Lng hoa chat s dung

Theo doi lng hoa chat s dung trong mot ca (hoac 1ngay) e kiem soat
lng hoa chat tieu thu, chuan b hoa chat san sang cho qua trnh hoat ong cua
tram va tnh toan chi ph van hanh hang thang.
V.2.3 Hoat ong cua may moc, thiet b

1. Tnh trang thiet b, may moc
Ghi lai tnh trang tat ca thiet b, may moc sau moi ca, cac s co ve cac thiet b
2. Thi gian hoat ong cua thiet b
Phai ghi chep thi gian hoat ong cua cac thiet b co thiet b d phong e ieu
chnh hoat ong hp ly, tranh tnh trang thiet b hoat ong lien tuc lam giam tuoi tho.
3. Lch bao tr, bao dng thiet b
Can phai thiet lap danh sach cac thiet b, may moc can c bao tr, bao
dng. Ghi ro thi gian bao tr lan au tien va len ke hoach cho lan bao tr tiep theo.
4. Lng ien tieu thu trong ngay (hoac thang)
V.2.4 Ghi chep ket qua kiem tra va ban giao:

Ghi chep lai cac thong so e cap ben tren, cac hien tng quan sat trong mot
ca. Khi giao ca phai ban giao lai cho ngi trc ca sau cu the. ac biet neu phat
hien ra ieu g bat thng trong ca trc cua mnh phai bao cho ngi trc ca sau
tiep tuc theo doi va co bien phap x ly.
49
PHU LUC
A. BANG THEO DOI VAN HANH HE THONG X LY NC THAI

He thong XLNT Nha may Blue Star Viet Nam Cong suat 1000 m3/ngay Ngay : ...........................
Ten nhan vien van hanh: ................................... ..........................
Ca 1: ........................... Ca 2: ........................... Ca 3: .........................
1. Lu lng, thanh phan va tnh chat nc thai
Hang muc Gia tr kiem soat Ca Ghi chu
Thc te Duy tr 1 2 3
Lu lng 1000 m3/n
Thi lng van hanh ______________ gi/ca
pH Vao 5 12
Ra 69
COD (Nhu cau oxy Vao 2500 mg/l

hoa hoc) Ra 50 mg/l
BOD (Nhu cau oxy Vao 1700 mg/l

sinh hoc)
Ra 20 mg/l
TSS (Tong chat ran l Vao 800 mg/l

lng) Ra 50 mg/l
VSS (Chat ran l lng Vao -

bay hi) Ra
VFA (Axit beo bay Vao -

hi)
Ra
SVI (Ch so the tch Vao -

bun) Ra
2. Hoa chat s dung
Hang muc Gia tr kiem soat Ca Ghi chu
1 2 3
NaOH Hoa chat tieu thu trong ca lt lt lt Ghi vao cuoi moi ca
H2SO4 Hoa chat tieu thu trong ca lt lt lt Ghi vao cuoi moi ca
NaOCl Hoa chat tieu thu trong ca lt lt lt Ghi vao cuoi moi ca
Polymer Pha hoa chat Polymer Polymer Polymer Bao nhieu kg polymer
(x ly bun) Nc Nc Nc Bao nhieu lt nc
Hoa chat tieu thu trong ca lt lt lt Ghi vao cuoi moi ca
50
3. May moc, thiet b
Cham/
Ky Nguyen Cach giai Ve
Ten thiet b Gi S co thay Ghi chu
hieu nhan quyet sinh
dau m
Lc rac tho SC01
Lc rac tho SC02

P01
Bm nc thai
A/B
P02
Bm nc thai
A/B
Thiet b vt
OS01
dau
Thiet b gat
bun be lang S01
s cap
May khuay SM01
chm A/B
Bm nc thai P03A/
vao be UASB B
Bm nh DP01
lng /../04
Thiet b ot kh
F01
biogas
Bm nc thai
P04
tuan hoan
AB01
May thoi kh
A/B
Thiet b gat
S02
bun be lang
Bm bun tuan
SP03
hoan
Bm bun d SP02
Thiet b gat bun

S03
be nen bun
Bm bun nen SP04
May ep bun BFP01
Thiet b pha
FC01
che polymer
Tu ien ieu
CB01
khien
51
B. TIEU CHUAN XA THAI
TCVN 5945 2005
52
MUC LUC
LI M AU .............................................................................................................................. 1
MOT SO THUAT NG ................................................................................................................ 2
CHNG I: GII THIEU CHUNG ............................................................................................. 3
I.1. Thanh phan va tnh chat nc thai .................................................................................... 3
I.2 Gii thieu cac qua trnh x ly .............................................................................................. 4
I.2.1. Tien x ly ................................................................................................................................4
I.2.2. X ly bac 2 ............................................................................................................................4
a. X ly sinh hoc yem kh ................................................................................................................4
b. X ly sinh hoc hieu kh ................................................................................................................4
I.2.3. X ly bac 3 ............................................................................................................................4
I.2.4. X ly bun d ..........................................................................................................................4
I.3. Cong nghe x ly .................................................................................................................. 5
I.3.1. S o cong nghe x ly..........................................................................................................5
I.3.2. Mo ta cong nghe x ly .........................................................................................................7
I.3.3. Mo ta hang muc cong trnh, thiet b ...................................................................................8
a. Danh muc cong trnh..................................................................................................................8
b. Danh muc thiet b ....................................................................................................................10
II.1. An toan khi lam viec gan cac be...................................................................................... 13
II.2. An toan khi lam viec vi hoa chat .................................................................................... 13
II.2.1. Axit sunfuric ...........................................................................................................................14
II.2.2. Natri hyroxyt .......................................................................................................................15
II.2.3. Polymer .................................................................................................................................16
II.2.4. NaOCl ....................................................................................................................................16
II.3. An toan ien khi van hanh he thong ................................................................................ 17
II.3.1. An toan ve ien ..................................................................................................................17
II.3.2. Bien phap cap cu ............................................................................................................17
III.1 Kiem tra he thong ............................................................................................................. 19
III.1.1 Kiem tra lng hoa chat s dung.....................................................................................19
III.1.2 Kiem tra thiet b ...................................................................................................................19
III.1.3 Kiem tra he thong ien cung cap......................................................................................21
III.2 Ky thuat van hanh ............................................................................................................ 22
III.2.1 Cac thong so can kiem soat .............................................................................................22
a. Kiem soat chat lng nc thai vao ......................................................................................22
b. Kiem soat be UASB ....................................................................................................................23
c. Kiem soat be Aerotank .............................................................................................................23
d. Kiem soat nc sau khi x ly ...................................................................................................27
III.2.2 Van hanh giai oan khi ong: ........................................................................................28
a. Be UASB ................................................................................................................................28
b. Be Aerotank .........................................................................................................................28
III.2.3 Van hanh giai oan duy tr .................................................................................................29
a. Be can bang..............................................................................................................................29
b. Be UASB ......................................................................................................................................29
c. Be Aerotank ...............................................................................................................................30
+ Xac nh ham lng MLSS can duy tr trong be Aerotank ....................................................31
+ Tnh lu lng bun tuan hoan ...................................................................................................31
+ Tnh lng bun hoat tnh thai bo ...............................................................................................32
d. Be lang .......................................................................................................................................33
III.3 Cac s co qua trnh va bien phap khac phuc .................................................................... 33
III.3.1 Ngng hoat ong ...............................................................................................................33
III.3.2 Cac s co be UASB va bien phap khac phuc ............................................................. 33
a. He thong bm tuan hoan ........................................................................................................34
b. o pH..........................................................................................................................................34
c. Ham lng acid beo bay hi (VFA) ........................................................................................34
III.3.3. Cac s co be Aerotank va bien phap khac phuc ........................................................35
IV.1 He thong ien ieu khien ................................................................................................. 40
IV.2 Cac thiet b tieu thu ien .................................................................................................. 40
IV.3 Bao tr, bao dng thiet b ................................................................................................ 40
IV.3.1 Qui trnh thc hien ...............................................................................................................40
a. Tieu tu .........................................................................................................................................41
b. Trung tu.......................................................................................................................................41
c. ai tu ..........................................................................................................................................41
IV.3.2 Bao tr thiet b .......................................................................................................................42
a. Bao tr bm chm, may khuay chm:......................................................................................42
b. Bao tr bm nh lng .............................................................................................................43
c. Bao tr may thoi kh ...................................................................................................................44
d. Bao tr motor giam toc..............................................................................................................46
e. Bao tr may pH controller..........................................................................................................47
V.1 S can thiet phai lu gi so lieu ......................................................................................... 48
V.1.1 S thay oi ve lu lng va tnh chat nc thai tiep nhan ...........................................48
V.1.2. Cac thay oi trong qua trnh van hanh ..........................................................................48
V.2 Cac thong so can c ghi chep, lu gi ........................................................................... 48
V.2.1 Thanh phan va tnh chat nc thai ..................................................................................49
V.2.2 Lng hoa chat s dung ...................................................................................................49
V.2.3 Hoat ong cua may moc, thiet b....................................................................................49
V.2.4 Ghi chep ket qua kiem tra va ban giao:..........................................................................49
PHU LUC .................................................................................................................................. 50
A. BANG THEO DOI VAN HANH HE THONG X LY NC THAI ............................................50
B. TIEU CHUAN XA THAI ..........................................................................................................52
DANH MUC BANG
Bang 1: Thong so thiet ke .................................................................................................. 3
Bang 2: Tnh chat nc thai sau x ly (*) ....................................................................... 3
Bang 3: Danh muc cong trnh ......................................................................................... 8
Bang 4: Danh muc thiet b...............................................................................................10
Bang 5: Cac chi tiet can kiem tra thiet b, may moc trc khi van hanh.........19
Bang 6: Cac khoang gia tr pH........................................................................................24
Bang 7:Cac khoang gia tr SV/SVI ..................................................................................25
Bang 8: Cac khoang gia tr F/M.....................................................................................25
Bang 9:Cac khoang gia tr MLSS.....................................................................................26
Bang 10: Cac khoang gia tr pH trong be UASB .........................................................34
Bang 11: Cac khoang gia tr VFA trong be UASB.......................................................34
Bang 12: Cac s co thng gap be Aerotank va bien phap khac phuc .....35
Bang 13: Mot so h hong thng gap may bm va bien phap khac phuc.43
Bang 14: Mot so h hong thng gap may thoi kh va bien phap khac phuc
..........................................................................................................................................45
Bang 15: Cac loai nht dung cho may thoi kh........................................................46
Bang 16: Mot vai h hong thng gap Motor giam toc ....................................46

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HNG DAN VAN HANH HTXLNT

o Ch nhng nhan vien a hoan thanh khoa ao tao mi c phep van

Khi co bat k s co nao xay ra vi he thong x ly nc thai hoac can them

CONG TY NG DUNG KY THUAT VA SAN XUAT TECAPRO

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So ien thoai: 08.8114.288

Gap Bo phan Bao tr

CONG TY NG DUNG KY THUAT VA SAN XUAT TECAPRO 1

1. DO : nong o oxy hoa tan, n v mgO2/l

6. F/M : ty le thc an (chnh la chat hu c) tren mot n v vi sinh vat trong be

CONG TY NG DUNG KY THUAT VA SAN XUAT TECAPRO 2

GII THIEU CHUNG

I.1. Thanh phan va tnh chat nc thai

Bang 1: Thong so thiet ke

STT Thong so n v Thong so nc thai au vao

Bang 2: Tnh chat nc thai sau x ly (*)

STT Thong so n v TCVN 5945 2005, cot A

CONG TY NG DUNG KY THUAT VA SAN XUAT TECAPRO 3

I.2 Gii thieu cac qua trnh x ly

- Loai bo rac, can tho co kch thc ln hn 10 mm.

a. X ly sinh hoc yem kh

b. X ly sinh hoc hieu kh

CONG TY NG DUNG KY THUAT VA SAN XUAT TECAPRO 4

I.3.1. S o cong nghe x ly

NC THAI NHIEM DAU (163 m3/ngay) NC RA (627 m3/ngay)

LC RAC THO LC RAC THO

TACH DAU M LANG S BO

BE X LY SINH HOC YEM KH

CONG TY NG DUNG KY THUAT VA SAN XUAT TECAPRO 5

Hieu suat x ly NC THAI NHIEM DAU (163 m3/ngay) NC RA (627 m3/ngay)

COD=78% BE X LY SINH HOC YEM KH

BE KH TRUNG MAY EP BUN

CONG TY NG DUNG KY THUAT VA SAN XUAT TECAPRO 6

I.3.2. Mo ta cong nghe x ly

X ly bac 2 (x ly sinh hoc)

Tai be UASB, nc thai c phan phoi eu t di len tren qua he thong

CONG TY NG DUNG KY THUAT VA SAN XUAT TECAPRO 7

C che phan huy chat hu c bang vi sinh vat:

T be Aerotank, nc thai chay vao be lang B07, ay se dien ra qua trnh

Nc d t be nen bun va may ep bun c thu gom va chay ve be thu

Kh biogas sinh ra t be UASB c thu gom va ot bang thiet b ot t ong

CONG TY NG DUNG KY THUAT VA SAN XUAT TECAPRO 8

I.3.3. Mo ta hang muc cong trnh, thiet b

a. Danh muc cong trnh

Bang 3: Danh muc cong trnh

Hang muc Ky hieu Chc nang Thiet b

CONG TY NG DUNG KY THUAT VA SAN XUAT TECAPRO 8

CONG TY NG DUNG KY THUAT VA SAN XUAT TECAPRO 9

b. Danh muc thiet b

Bang 4: Danh muc thiet b

STT Thiet b Ky hieu ac tnh ky thuat Chc nang, che o ieu

CONG TY NG DUNG KY THUAT VA SAN XUAT TECAPRO 10

xut Cong tac ON - OFF

CONG TY NG DUNG KY THUAT VA SAN XUAT TECAPRO 11

19 Bm bun d SP02 Bm chm Bm bun d t ho thu

20 Bon cha dd ChT3 V = 500 lt Cha dd Natri hypoclorit

27 Bon cha ChT04 V = 1000 lt Cha dung dch polymer

CONG TY NG DUNG KY THUAT VA SAN XUAT TECAPRO 12

AN TOAN VAN HANH

II.1. An toan khi lam viec gan cac be

II.2. An toan khi lam viec vi hoa chat

CONG TY NG DUNG KY THUAT VA SAN XUAT TECAPRO 13