ECGR 6197/8197 Power Electronics II

Lecture 1

Dr. Tiefu Zhao

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
University of North Carolina Charlotte

Tel: 704-687-0939
Email: Tiefu.Zhao@uncc.edu
EPIC Building, Room 1160
Office hours: 2:00 pm 3:30 pm, TR
 Introduction
Education and Experience
Assistant Professor at UNC Charlotte
6 years industry R&D experience at Eaton
Ph.D in Electrical Engineering, North Carolina State University
B.S. and M.S. in Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University

Research Areas
Grid edge power electronics
Solid state circuit protection
Renewable energy integration and smart grid
Wide bandgap device based power converters
Real time co-simulation for power electronic system
 Introduction: You
Your name

Your education and experience

Your knowledge in power electronics and power system

Your expectations from the class, your research topic/area or

anything you want us to know
 ECGR 6197/8197 Power Electronics II

Instructor: Dr. Tiefu Zhao, Email: Tiefu.Zhao@uncc.edu

Class: 5:30 8:15 pm, Tue, EPIC 3344

Course Descriptions:
The course will focus on the advanced topics in three phase power electronics. The
topics include AC/DC rectifiers, DC/AC inverters, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
modulation techniques, closed-loop controller design, advanced concepts in magnetic
and thermal design, and three phase high power applications including grid-tie inverters,
UPS, motor drive.

The students will learn the theories, operation principles, design and industry applications
of three phase power converters. Real industry examples will be used for course
materials and discussed in the class. The course will be research oriented. The students
will be learning the steps to conduct research in these topics, search and read papers,
critique them, and present their own ideas.
 Syllabus
Prerequisites
Requires knowledge in: (a) Power Electronic I or equivalent power electronics and power system
fundamentals (b) Control theory fundamentals (c) Matlab/Simulink

Textbook
Power Electronics: Converters, Applications and Design, Third Edition, by Ned Mohan, ISBN: 978-
0471226932

Reference
The following textbooks may be useful, although not required for the course:
Erickson and Maksimovic, Fundamentals of Power Electronics, 2nd edition, Springer ISBN 0792372700
J. Baliga, Fundamentals of Power Semiconductor Devices, Springer, ISBN 9780387 473147, 2008
 Topics
Introduction
Power semiconductor switches
Single phase and three phase uncontrolled rectifiers
Single phase and three phase controlled rectifiers
DC/DC converters review
Mid-term exam #1
Single phase DC/AC inverters, PWM modulation,
Three phase DC/AC inverters
Mid-term exam #2
Resonant converters
Controller design
Applications: switching power supply, UPS, solar, motor drive
Industry guest lectures TBD
Final exam
Project report and presentation
 Grading
Your grade will be based on your performance on homework assignments, one
midterm exam, one final exam, one research project and presentation.
Presentation and research topics must be approved by the instructor. Students will
be evaluated on the following:
Homework assignments =25%, Mid-term exams =25%, Final exam = 25%,
Course project = 25%
(Presentations and projects will be done in groups of two students. Although
presentations and research projects will be done in groups of two students, each
student will have an independent component in it. This has to be made clear by
each group while planning the presentation or research project.)
 Power Electronics
Power electronics is the technology for conversion and processing of electric power
and its applications. It provides the basis for a variety of new electrical circuit
architectures that allow substantial improvements in performance and flexibility.

Electric/Electronic Switching Circuits

AC/DC
The objective of a converter is to match
DC/DC the voltage and current requirements of
Converters the load to the source. They convert one
DC/AC type or level of a voltage or current
waveform to another.
AC/AC

High-Current or High-Voltage Electronics

Introduction to Power Processing
Control is invariably required
High efficiency is essential
A high-efficiency converter
Devices available to the circuit designer
Devices available to the circuit designer
Devices available to the circuit designer
Power loss in an ideal switch
A simple dc-dc converter example
Dissipative realization
Dissipative realization
Use of a SPDT switch
The switch changes the dc voltage level
Addition of low pass filter
 Addition of control system
for regulation of output voltage
Power Processor as a Combination of
Converters

Most practical topologies require an energy

storage element, which also decouples the input
and the output side converters
 Power Flow through Converters

Converter is a general term

An ac/dc converter is shown here
Rectifier Mode of operation when power from ac to dc
Inverter Mode of operation when power from ac to dc
 AC/DC Rectifiers

AC/DC converters employing Thyristors

with phase control and line commutation
have been used widely to convert AC to
DC power for applications like DC drives,
electrochemical processes, etc.

In order to alleviate the problems of low AC/DC

AC DC
frequency harmonics generated by the Rectifier
line commutated converters, PWM type
converters are being used in several
applications.

PWM rectifiers have an advantage that the

input line side power factor can be set at
desired value (leading, unity power
factor, or lagging)
 AC/DC Rectifiers

io

T1 T2
iS
R
AC
VS vo

L
D2 D1
 AC/DC Rectifiers

D1 D3 D5

AC

ia
a

AC
n
b
vd Id

AC

D4 D6 D2
 DC/DC Converters
Converts unregulated DC to regulated DC and
widely used in DC motor drives.

PWM choppers like Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost,

and Cuk.

Presently, the main concern is the size of the DC/DC

converters. DC DC
Converter
PWM techniques with hard-switching are very
lossy.

One alternative is to use resonant and quasi-

resonant converters using which the switching
frequency can be in the order of few MHz.

Another alternative is to use resonant link

converter in which the DC power is first converted to
high frequency AC and then rectified using a diode
rectifier and a low-pass filter.
 Linear Power Supply

Low Efficiency
Series transistor as an adjustable Heavy and bulky
resistor
 DC/DC Converters
iin iL id
S
L
iL L D

+ vD -
+ +
+
Vin vD D Vo Vin S Vo
- - -

Type A Buck Converter Type A Boost Converter

D2

iin io
S1 L D1 S1 D3 S3
io

+ + V
in
Vin v D1 S2 Vo -
+ Vo
- - D4 S4 D2 S2

Type B Two-Quadrant Four-Quadrant

 Switch-Mode Power Supply

Transistor as a switch
High Efficiency
High-Frequency Transformer
 Basic Principle of Switch-Mode Synthesis

Constant switching
frequency
Pulse width controls the
average
L-C filters the ripple
 DC/AC Inverters

Convert power from DC to variable DC/AC

DC AC
voltage variable frequency AC used in Inverters
AC drives, induction heating, etc.

PWM voltage source inverters with

front-end diode rectifiers are most
commonly used. id

TA+ DA+ TB+ DB+

Main applications are Adjustable Speed

Drives (ASD). A
io

Vd vo
B

TA- DA- TB- DB-

N
 AC Motor Drive

Converter 1 rectifies line-frequency ac into dc

Capacitor acts as a filter; stores energy; decouples
Converter 2 synthesizes low-frequency ac to motor
Polarity of dc-bus voltage remains unchanged
ideally suited for transistors of converter 2
 DC/AC Inverters
id

TA+ TB+ TC+

DA+ DB+ DC+

Vd
2

Vd o

Vd
2 TA- TB- TC-
DA- DB- DC-

A B C
 Application in Adjustable Speed Drives

Conventional drive wastes energy across the throttling

valve to adjust flow rate
Using power electronics, motor-pump speed is adjusted
efficiently to deliver the required flow rate
 AC/AC Converters
AC voltage controllers and
cycloconverters.

Due to phase control, they have problems

related to harmonics and VARs.

Directly converts power in a large- AC/AC

AC AC
frequency range. Converter

The line-side power factor can be

programmed to be near unity for all
loads.

Main drawback is non-availability of

cheap AC switches.
 Interdisciplinary Nature of Power Electronics

* Source: Power Electronics: Converters, Applications and Design, by Ned Mohan

Power Electronics Applications
Elements of power electronics
 Power Electronics Applications

Inverters for Renewables

with Advanced Controls for
Power Quality & Grid Connection
Converters for Hybrids
Power Management
High Efficiency & Electric Vehicles
for Data Center

Advanced Controls Power Quality

for More Electric
Aircraft
Microgrid Power Surety Advanced Cooling

Advanced Thermal
Modularity Management for Power
Electronics

High Efficiency Power

Conversion
 Power Electronics Applications
Home appliances: refrigerators, washing machines, automatic door openers, cordless drives,
vacuum cleaners, food warming trays, audio and RF amplifiers.
Electric power systems: electric power quality, power factor correction, VAR compensators,
Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS), High Voltage DC (HVDC), harmonic reduction.
Automotive industry: electric and hybrid electric vehicles, power steering, anti-lock braking,
steer by wire, brake by wire, starter/alternator, air conditioning, electronic ignition system.
Aerospace: aircraft and spacecraft power systems, international space station.
Telecommunications: wireless communications power supplies, Uninterruptible Power Supply
systems (UPS).
Transportation: trains and locomotives, electric and hybrid electric buses, magnetic levitation.
Commercial: electronic ballasts, light dimmers, hand power tools, personal computers, battery
chargers, electric fans.
Medical: fitness machines, laser power supplies, medical instrumentation.
Industrial: movers, machine tools, induction heating, elevators, timers, pumps and
compressors, printing press machinery, dryers, contactors and circuit breakers, modern
industrial automation systems.
Other applications: robotics, computerized control systems, active filters, converters for
integrated circuits, fuel cells, adjustable speed drives, industrial automation systems.
Questions?