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The document describes several common chemical tests used to identify different functional groups in organic compounds. It lists the reagents, visible results, and reactions for nitration, bromine, permanganate, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), dichromate, Tollens, Lucas, iodoform, and hydroxamic acid tests. These tests can be used to identify functional groups such as aromatic rings, alkenes, carbonyls, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids.
The document describes several common chemical tests used to identify different functional groups in organic compounds. It lists the reagents, visible results, and reactions for nitration, bromine, permanganate, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), dichromate, Tollens, Lucas, iodoform, and hydroxamic acid tests. These tests can be used to identify functional groups such as aromatic rings, alkenes, carbonyls, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids.
The document describes several common chemical tests used to identify different functional groups in organic compounds. It lists the reagents, visible results, and reactions for nitration, bromine, permanganate, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), dichromate, Tollens, Lucas, iodoform, and hydroxamic acid tests. These tests can be used to identify functional groups such as aromatic rings, alkenes, carbonyls, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids.
Reagent/s Visible Result Reaction Functional Organic By-product
Group Tested Product
Nitration Test 2 4 and 3 Yellow Substitution Aromatic ring Nitrobenzene None globule/oily (nitration) layer Bromine Test 2 in dicholoromethane Colorless Addition Alkene Alkyl bromide None solution Permanganate . 4 and Brown Oxidation All functional 2 Test precipitate groups that are oxidizable Alkene & Alkyne 1 and 2 alcohol Aldehyde DNPH Test 2,4- Yellow-orange Addition and Carbonyl of Hydrazone Water dinitrophenylhydrazine to red-orange Elimination aldehyde and in ethanol precipitate ketone Dichromate 2 2 7 and 2 4 Blue green Oxidation 1, 2 alcohol Chromium Test (Jones solution of reaction of 1, and aldehyde sulfate Test) 2 (4 )3 2 alcohol and aldehyde Tollens Test (3 ) or 3 / Formation of Oxidation Aldehyde Sodium Ag. Precipitate (Silver Mirror /3 Silver Carboxylate Test) precipitate Lucas Test . and Cloudy solution Substitution 3 Alcohol Alkyl halide Water 2 or formation of 2 layers IodoformTest and Formation of Base catalyzed Methyl carbonyl Iodoform Carboxylate yellow substitution and methyl anion precipitate of carbinol Iodoform Hydroxamic 2 and 3 Formation of Substitution of Ferric Test wine red/red esters Hydroxamic violet solution Complex