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b - load factor
- width of slice
- width of embankment
- width of drain
B -width of loaded area
-reduced width of embankment
C r
- effective cohesion intercept
% - coefficient of consolidation at horizontal drainage
%~ -effective field coefficient of consolidation at horizontal drainage
Ca - apparent cohesion intercept
Cv - coefficient of consolidation at vertical drainage
C - constant for the fall cone test depending on the apex angle of the
cone and the condition of the soil (undisturbed or remoulded)
CKoU -undrained K0-consolidated test
Co - compression index
Cee - modified compression index
CC - continuous consolidation oedometer test
CG -constant pore pressure gradient oedometer test
Cr - recompression index
Cre -modified recompression index
CRL - constant rate of loading oedometer test
xxiii
- void ratio
e0 -initial void ratio
cp -void ratio at the end of primary consolidation
E - deformation modulus
- normal component of interslice force
- Young's modulus
g r
- drained modulus of elasticity
Ei -initial tangent modulus
E S
- secant modulus
Et - tangent modulus
E - undrained modulus of elasticity
ED - dilatometer modulus
ESL -effective stress level
xxiv
i - hydraulic gradient
I - influence factor
ID - material index
Ih -horizontal influence displacement factor
IL - liquidity index
XXV
Ip - plasticity index
I
v
-vertical influence displacement factor
IL - incremental loading oedometer test
k - coefficient of permeability
- coefficient of horizontal permeability
\ -coefficient of horizontal permeability in disturbed soil
- coefficient of vertical permeability
K - bulk modulus
-coefficient of shear strength increase (depending on loading case
and overconsolidation ratio)
Ko -coefficient of earth pressure at rest
- horisontal stress index
1 - length of failure surface at the base of a slice
- length of drainage path
- length of drain
- reduced length of embankment
L/H - draw-down ratio
Ls -total length of a slide
m - mass
- slope of ~fu/CY'v - OCR relation in log-log scales
mnQ - slope of the relation between log0;fu/Cr'v) and log(ESL) in the
normally consolidated state (ESL _< 1)
Ill o o - slope of the relation between log0;fu/~'v) and log(ESL) in the
overconsolidated state (ESL > 1)
mv - coefficient of volume change
M - oedometer modulus
-value defining the location of the critical slip circle in Taylor's
stability chart
-parameter in Cam Clay model
r
M - modulus number
ME - resisting moment due to end area effects for each end plane
xxvi
n -porosity
N -total normal force on the base of a slice
No - critical stability number
NC - normally consolidated
NF - Cousin's stability number
NKT -empirical cone factor
NT - Taylor's stability number
0C - overconsolidated
0CR - overconsolidation ratio
- deviatoric stress
- load applied to the subsoil
- embankment load
qQ -measured value of cone resistance
qf -final embankment load
qj -component of the specific discharge vector of pore water
% - surcharge load
% -total cone resistance
qw -discharge capacity of a drain
Q -outflow of water from a drain
- drain radius
r -pore pressure ratio
R -radius of dewatered soil cylinder
xxvii
t - time
tf -time to failure in a vane shear test
-time at the end of the settlement process
tp -time at the end of primary consolidation
ts -time for swelling
tso -designed life-time of the embankment
-time at removal of the surcharge
tso -time for 50 % primary consolidation
tgo -time for 90 % primary consolidation
boo -time for 100 % primary consolidation
tL - vertical distance from the base of a slice to the line of thrust on the
xxviii
-depth
- d i s t a n c e from the open end of a drain
- vertical coordinate
- angle between the horizontal plane and the tangent to the centre
of the base of a slice
- angle between the horizontal plane and the line of thrust on
the right side of a slice
- convective coordinate
E - strain
e~ - lateral strain
l~ij(e) - elastic strain increment
Eij(P) - plastic strain increment
Eo - strain at start of primary compression
E1 - major principal strain
e3 - minor principal strain
E1 -vertical creep rate
XXX
g - correction factor
gl - factor including the effect of drain spacing
la2 - factor including the effect of soil disturbance
la3 - factor including the effect of well resistance
V - Poisson's ratio
V' -Poisson's ratio in drained conditions
Vu - P o i s s o n ' s ratio in undrained conditions
P - radial coordinate
- density of soil
Pd - dry density
P~ -density of solid particles
Pw - density of water
- effective stress
0""h -effective horizontal stress
ij - effective stress tensor
I~' N -effective normal stress
(y' - preconsolidation pressure
p
-initial preconsolidation pressure
(y' -effective pressure at%r pore pressure equalization
11
(Y'v -effective vertical stress
l~ "VO -in situ effective vertical stress
(Y'vf - final effective vertical stress after removal of surcharge
(Y'vf+s - final effective vertical stress due to permanent load and surcharge
after pore pressure equalization
-decrease of effective vertical stress due to surcharge removal
q~ - shear stress
- available shear strength
"Cfd - drained shear strength
% - undrained shear strength
%c -undrained shear strength in triaxial compression
'l~fuD -undrained shear strength in direct simple shear
q~fuE - undrained shear strength in triaxial extension
~fu(LAB) - average undrained shear strength in laboratory tests,
[0:f~C+q:f~D+q:f~E)/3l
q~fv -shear strength value obtained in field vane shear test
q7N - shear stress