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15190260
Algebra lineal
/ / / /
(/) = (/) ; (/) = (/) ; ( / ) = ( / )
/ / / / / /
Hallar: a) la matriz A. b) porque A es diagonalizable? Hallar la matriz diagonal
semejante a A y la matriz de paso correspondiente. c) consideremos la forma
cuadrtica de : (, , ) = + + . Hallar la matriz asociada.
Solucin:
1
0 2/3 2/6 0 1/3 2/6
= (1/2 2/3 1/6) (1/2 1/3 1/6 )
1/2 2/3 1/6 1/2 1/3 1/6
0 1 1
= (1 1 0)
1 0 1
(1 )(2 2) = 0
(1 )( + 1)( 2) = 0
Autovalores = 1 2 1
Hallando autovectores:
Para =1
1 1 1 0
(1 0 0) () = (0)
1 0 0 0
1 1 1 0
(1 0 0) () = (0)
0 0 0 0
=0 + =0
0 0
( ) = ( ) = (1 )
1
Para = -1
1 1 1 0
(1 2 0) () = (0) + 2 = 0 + =0
1 0 2 0
0 1 1 0
(1 2 0 ) () = (0) = 2 =
1 0 2 0
0 1 1 0
(0 2 2) ( ) = (0)
1 0 2 0
0 1 1 0
(1 0 2) () = (0)
0 0 0 0
2 2
() = ( ) = ( 1 )
1
Para =2
2 1 1 0
(1 1 0 ) () = (0) = 0 =0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
(1 1 0 ) ( ) = (0) = =
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
(0 0 0 ) ( ) = ( 0)
1 0 1 0
1
() = () = (1)
1
0 2 1 1 0 0 0 2 1 1
= (1 1 1) (0 1 0) (1 1 1)
1 1 1 0 0 2 1 1 1
c) Hallando la matriz asociada de la forma cuadrtica
: (, , ) = + + .
0 1 1
(, , ) = ( ) (1 1 0) ()
1 0 1
Hallando autovalores:
| | = 0
1 2 3
| 1 1 0 |=0
1 1 2
Autovalores: = 0 2 2
Hallando autovectores:
Para =0
1 2 3 0
(1 1 0) () = (0) + = 0 + =0
1 1 2 0
1 2 3 0
(1 1 0) ( ) = (0) = =
0 2 2 0
1 0 1 0
(1 1 0) () = (0)
0 2 2 0
1
() = ( ) = ( 1 )
1
Para =2
1 2 3 0
(1 1 0) () = (0) 3 + 3 = 0 + =0
1 1 0 0
0 3 3 0
( 0 0 0 ) ( ) = (0 ) = =
1 1 0 0
1
() = ( ) = ( 1 )
1
(2 )3 + 1 + 1 3(2 ) = 0
(2 )3 + 2 6 + 3 = 0
(4 + 2 4)(2 ) 4 + 3 = 0
8 + 22 8 4 3 + 42 4 + 3 = 0
3 + 62 9 + 4 = 0
( 1)(2 + 5 4) = 0
( 1)(1 )( 4) = 0
=114
Autovalores: = 1 1 4
Hallando autovectores:
Para =1
1 1 1 0
(1 1 1) () = (0) ++ =0
1 1 1 0
1 1 1 0
(0 0 0) () = (0) =
0 0 0 0
1 1
() = ( ) = ( 1 ) + ( 0 )
0 1
Para =4
2 1 1 0
( 1 2 1 ) () = (0) 3 + 3 = 0 + 2 = 0
1 1 2 0
2 1 1 0
( 2 1 1) ( ) = (0) = =
1 1 2 0
2 1 1 0
( 0 0 0 ) () = (0)
1 1 2 0
3 0 3 0
( 0 0 0 ) () = (0)
1 1 2 0
1
() = () = (1)
1
1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1
=(1 0 1) (0 1 0) ( 1 0 1)
0 1 1 0 0 4 0 1 1
Solucin:
Hallando los autovalores
| | = 0
1 1
|1 1|=0
1 1
()3 + 2 + 3 = 0
3 + 2 + 3 = 0
( 2)(2 2 1) = 0
( 2)( + 1)( + 1) = 0
= 2 1 1
Hallando autovectores:
Para =-1
1 1 1 0
(1 1 1) () = (0) ++ =0
1 1 1 0
1 1 1 0
(0 0 0) () = (0) =
0 0 0 0
1 0
() = ( ) = ( 0 )+( 1 )
1 1
Para =2
2 1 1 0
( 1 2 1 ) () = (0) 3 + 3 = 0 + 2 = 0
1 1 2 0
2 1 1 0
( 2 1 1) () = (0) = =
1 1 2 0
2 1 1 0
( 0 0 0 ) () = (0)
1 1 2 0
3 0 3 0
( 0 0 0 ) ( ) = (0)
1 1 2 0
1
() = () = (1)
1
Base que diagonaliza la matriz A= {(1,0, 1); (0,1, 1); (1,1,1)}
Para que las bases puedan ser ortonormales devn ser perpendiculares de 2 a 2
(1, 0,-1) es perpendicular a (1, 1,1)
(0, 1,-1)no es perpendicular ni (1, 0,-1) ni a (1, 1,1).
(1, 1,1)es perpendicular a (1, 0,-1)
Hallando una base ortonormal a los vectores (1, 1,1) y (1,- 1,0) por productos
internos:
(1,1,1). (, , ) + + = 0
(1,0, 1). (, , ) = 0 =
1
() = (2) = (2)
1
Solucin
Si (y + z, x + z, x + y) = x(0,1,1) + y(1,0,1) + (1,1,0)
0 1 1
La matriz asociada a (, , ) = (1 0 1) ()
1 1 0
0 1 1
= (1 0 1)
1 1 0
Hallando los autovalores
| | = 0
1 1
|1 1|=0
1 1
()3 + 2 + 3 = 0
3 + 2 + 3 = 0
( 2)(2 2 1) = 0
( 2)( + 1)( + 1) = 0
= 2 1 1
Hallando autovectores:
Para =-1
1 1 1 0
(1 1 1) () = (0) ++ =0
1 1 1 0
1 1 1 0
(0 0 0) () = (0) =
0 0 0 0
1 0
() = ( ) = ( 0 )+( 1 )
1 1
Para =2
2 1 1 0
( 1 2 1 ) () = (0) 3 + 3 = 0 + 2 = 0
1 1 2 0
2 1 1 0
( 2 1 1) () = (0) = =
1 1 2 0
2 1 1 0
( 0 0 0 ) () = (0)
1 1 2 0
3 0 3 0
( 0 0 0 ) ( ) = (0)
1 1 2 0
1
() = () = (1)
1
Base que diagonaliza la matriz A= {(1,0, 1); (0,1, 1); (1,1,1)}
Para que las bases puedan ser ortonormales devn ser perpendiculares de 2 a 2
(1, 0,-1) es perpendicular a (1, 1,1)
(0, 1,-1)no es perpendicular ni (1, 0,-1) ni a (1, 1,1).
(1, 1,1)es perpendicular a (1, 0,-1)
Hallando una base ortonormal a los vectores (1, 1,1) y (1,- 1,0) por productos
internos:
(1,1,1). (, , ) + + = 0
(1,0, 1). (, , ) = 0 =
1
() = (2) = (2)
1
2 1 1
| 1 2 1 |=0
1 1 2
(2 )3 1 1 3(2 ) = 0
(4 + 2 4)(2 ) 2 6 + 3 = 0
3 + 62 9 + 0 = 0
(2 6 + 9) = 0
( 3)2 = 0
= 0 3
Hallando los autovectores
=3
1 1 1 0
( 1 1 1 ) ( ) = (0) + = 0
1 1 1 0
1 1 1 0
( 1 1 1 ) () = (0) =+
0 0 0 0
1 0
() = ( + ) = (1) + (1)
0 1
=0
2 1 1 0
( 1 2 1 ) ( ) = (0) 3 + 3 = 0 + + 2 = 0
1 1 2 0
1 2 1 0
( 1 2 1) () = (0) = =
1 1 2 0
0 0 0 0
( 0 3 3) () = (0)
1 1 2 0
1
() = () = (1)
1
15190260
Algebra lineal