THE ELEMENTS OF PERFORMING ARTS MUSIC DANCE LITERATURE
2. 114. MUSIC is vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) combined in such a way as to produce beauty of form, harmony, and expression of emotion. 3. 115. ELEMENTS OF MUSIC 1. RHYTHM 2. MELODY 3. PITCH 4. HARMONY 5.TEMPO 6.DYNAMICS 7.TIMBRE 4. 116. 1.RHYTHM is the variation of length and accentuation of a series of sound. It is a larger concept that includes the beat and everything that happens to sound in relation to time. 5. 117. RHYTHM In music, its most fundamental component is beat - is the simple pulse found in almost all music familiar to us. Measuring rhythm is by means of a Meter - is the arrangement of a rhythm in a fixed, regular pattern with a uniform number of beats in uniform measures. 6. 118. 2.MELODY is associated mental motion sometimes called the memory element because it is always remembered by listeners. It is an organize group of pitches strung out sequentially to form a satisfying musical entity. 7. 119. 3.PITCH indicates the highness or lowness of sound and is determined solely by the frequency of molecular vibrations. The slower the vibration, the lower the pitch. The faster the vibration, the higher the pitch. 8. 120. 4.HARMONY refers to the manner of sound combination- the sounding series or group of tones at the same time or simultaneously. Harmony refers only to the simultaneous sounding of pitches regardless of whether the chords sound pleasing or not. 9. 121. HARMONY Chord is a combination of two or more tones sounded at the same time. Concord combination or chord that produces an impression of agreeableness or resolution to the listener. Discord or dissonance 10. 122. 5.TEMPO refers to the speed of a certain musical piece. It may be slow, quick or moderate. 11. 123. LIST OF TERMS COMMONLY USED TO INDICATE TEMPO Largo - very slow Adagio - slow and stately Andante - at a walking pace Andantino - alternatively faster or slower than andante Allegreto - moderately fast Allegro - fast presto-very fast Accelerando - gradually becoming faster Ritardando - gradually becoming slower 12. 124. 6.DYNAMICS refers to the amount ,strength, or volume of the sound It may refer to the loudness and softness of music. 13. 125. 7.TIMBRE refers to tone quality. Helps differentiate one type of voice to another or instrument from another 14. 126. DANCE is an art and a recreation. As an art, it tells a story, a set of mood or expresses an emotion. Dances vary in form. Some forms of dances are religious dance, magical dance, commemorative dance, ceremonial dance, recreative dance, and testimonial dance. 15. 127. ELEMENTS OF DANCE Theme - is the most basic element of a dance. It conveys the message of a dance. HIPHOP DANCE CULTURAL DANCE 16. 128. ELEMENTS OF DANCE Design - is the pattern of movement in time and space. Pattern in time refers to the unaccented beats of movements into measures. Path in space refers to the path traced by the dancers feet on the floor and the levels on which they move. 17. 129. ELEMENTS OF DANCE Movement - refers to the bodily actions of the dancer that include his steps, gestures of the arms, hands, and body and facial expression. 18. 130. ELEMENTS OF DANCE Technique - is the skill of movement executed by the dancer. 19. 131. ELEMENTS OF DANCE Music - is the auditory background to which a dancer moves. A dance is always accomplished by any form of music 20. 132. ELEMENTS OF DANCE Costume and paraphernalia - are properties worn by the dancers that help reflect the message, customs, beliefs, and setting of the dance. 21. 133. ELEMENTS OF DANCE Choreography - refers to the figures and steps in dancing that enable the dancers to perform in an organized manner. 22. 134. ELEMENTS OF DANCE Scenery - refers the background or setting where the dance is performed to make it more realistic and enriching. 23. 135. LITERATURE Is one of the arts that expresses human feelings. It shows ideas or emotions through symbolic presentation in the form of short story, poetry, drama or play and essay among others. 24. 136. GENERAL ELEMENTS OF LITERATURE At present, not all written works can be considered literature. To understand a good literary work, we should know first the important elements of literature. 25. 137. THE IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF LITERATURE Emotional Appeal is attained when the reader is emotionally or touched. Humanistic Value can be realized when the literary work affirms the dignity and worth of all people. 26. 138. LITERARY WORKS AND THEIR ELEMENTS: Elements of the Short Story Elements of the Novel Elements of Drama 27. 139. SHORT STORY A short story is a brief work of literature, usually written in narrative prose. Emerging from earlier oral storytelling traditions in the 17th century, the short story has grown to encompass a body of work so diverse as to defy easy characterization. 28. 140. NOVEL Is a long work of prose fiction dealing with characters, situations, and scenes that represent real life. Fiction, whether long (novel) or short (short story), may aim to give us moral lessons, bring pleasure, raise questions, or cultivate critical thinking. 29. 141. DRAMA is a story told in front of an audience 30. 142. DRAMA Comes from the Greek Word, Dran Means To do or To Act The Doing/Acting Makes Drama 31. 143. Playwright-the author of a play Actors-the people who perform Acts-the units of action Scenes-parts of the acts 32. 144. TYPES OF DRAMA Drama is used to describe plays that address a serious subject. 33. 145. TYPES OF DRAMA COMEDY TRAGEDY 34. 146. TYPES OF DRAMA Comedy is a form of drama that has a happy ending. Humor comes from the dialogue and situations. 35. 147. TYPES OF DRAMA Tragedy is a form of drama in which events lead to the downfall of the main character, often a person of great significance, like a king or hero. 36. 148. Element of Literature 37. 149. 1.CHARACTERS 38. 150. 2.SETTING 39. 151. SETTING/SCENERY Construction on the stage that shows time/place Could be called Scenery. Furniture, painted backdrops, or large props should appear real. 40. 152. 3.THEME 41. 153. THEME While plot refers to the action of the play, theme refers to the meaning of the play. Theme is the main idea or lesson to be learned from the play. In some cases, the theme of a play is obvious; other times it is quite subtle. 42. 154. 4.PLOT Is the soul of drama. It tells what is the story about? Lay outs the series of events that form the entirety of the play. Its serves as a structural framework which brings the events to a cohesive form and sense. 43. 155. The plot is divided into: Exposition/Introduction Introduces the character, provides information about earlier events and present situation. Inciting actions Situation move towards a point 44. 156. Rising Action Part of the complication. Crisis or Turning Point Choices and decisions lead to the inevitable. Falling action The incidents following the turning point happen without decrease in intensity 45. 157. Denouement or resolution Clarifies and relaxes the tension. 46. 158. 5.POINT OF VIEW 47. 159. 6.SYMBOLISM Is used in literature when one thing is meant to represent something else. Symbols are object, person, situation, action and all recognizable things or items that suggest other meaning. 48. 160. 7.IRONY Is a contrast among what seems and what is and could be. Three types of Irony Verbal I am saying one thing but really mean the other. Situational When something happens, and I was expecting the opposite. Dramatic When everyone knows something I dont. 49. 161. IRONY Occurs when there is a difference between what is expected and what actually happens in a story, poems or play. 50. 162. 8.STYLE is the literary element that describes the ways that the author uses words the author's word choice, sentence structure, figurative language, and sentence arrangement all work together to establish mood, images, and meaning in the text. 51. 163. 9.CONFLICT The internal or external struggle between opposing forces, ideas, or interests that create dramatic tension. 52. 164. 10.CLIMAX The point of greatest emotional intensity, interest, or suspense in the plot of a narrative. Typically comes at the turning point in a story or drama. 53. 165. 11.MUSIC AND SPECTACLE Both show the relationship of script, actor, audience, author producer, society, genre, stage, and other elements of the drama. Music While music is often featured in drama, in this case Aristotle was referring to the rhythm of the actors' voices as they speak. 54. 166. Spectacle This refers to the visual elements of a play: sets, costumes, special effects, etc. Spectacle is everything that the audience sees as they watch the play. 55. 167. 12.COSTUMES AND MAKEUP Costume Clothing and accessories worn by actors to portray character and period. Every costume should be comfortable and securely put together. 56. 168. Makeup Costumes, wigs, and body paint used to transform an actor into a character. 57. 169. 13.DIALOGUE This refers to the words written by the playwright and spoken by the characters in the play. The dialogue helps move the action of the play along. The conversation between and among the characters of the drama. 58. 170. Lightings The placement, intensity, and color of lights to help communicate environment, mood, or feeling 59. 171. MUSIC CLIMAX CONFLICT STYLE SYMBOLISM IRONY THEME SETTING POINT OF VIEW CHARACTERS SUMMARY ELEMENT SHORT STORY NOVEL DRAMA PLOT & COSTUMESPECTACLE & DIALOGUE MAKE UP