Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Network Types 3
IV Tutorial: Network Fundamen-
The Internet 5 tals 10
Lecture I
Introduction
1
Introduction 433-522 Internet Technologies
2
433-522 Internet Technologies Network Fundamentals
Lecture II
Network Fundamentals
What is a Network? 1
Network (Noun):
An intricately connected system of things
or people.
An interconnected or intersecting
configuration or system of components.
Computer Network:
Requests/Replies in a Client-Server Model
A data network with computers at one or 1.1.1
more of the nodes. [Oxford Dictionary of
Computing]
A collection of autonomous computers
interconnected by a single technology.
Business Applications
Home Applications Network Types
Mobile Users Network Types 1.2
How many different types of networks have you used? Metropolitan Area Networks
3
Network Fundamentals 433-522 Internet Technologies
Point-to-point links
Point to point networks consist of
many connections between individual
pairs of machines. Packets traveling
from source to destination must visit
Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN) 1.2.2
intermediate machines to determine a
route - often multiple routes of variant
efficiencies are available and Coverage typically larger than a LAN
optimisation is an important principle.
Cable TV networks are a prime example
Unicasting is the term used where
point-to-point networks with a single
sender and receiver pair can exchange data.
Scale
Size
4
433-522 Internet Technologies Network Fundamentals
System Interconnection
Short range radio (< 10m)
Low bandwidth (-100Kbps)
Numerous technologies including Infrared
(IR), Bluetooth . . .
Wireless LAN
Longer range radio (typically 100-200m,
but up to 3-4km with the right equipment)
Moderate bandwidth (1-54Mbps)
Requires transmission and reception
devices
802.11 family is the most common
5
Network Fundamentals 433-522 Internet Technologies
Layers in ARPANETs Network Design 1.5.1 interoperable network types. The TCP/IP
model still underlies the Internet we use
today.
The basic unit of ARPANET was the IMP
(Interface Message Processors) - each connected Software
to at least 2 other IMPs
Entities such as as BBN and UCB built
At each node, an IMP and a single host were protocol support into computer operating
connected - the host generated or collected systems, notably Berkeley Unix. These
messages and passed them to the IMP for basic protocol stacks are still used by
transmission modern operating systems.
IMP software was split into host and network
components Strategic Network Backbones: NSFNet in the
1970s 1.5.1
Privatisation of telecommunications
infrastructures (particularly Network Access
Points (NAPs) in the USA in the 1970s and
Expanding ARPANET 1969-1973 1.5.1 1980s allowed commercial providers to build
internetworks
6
433-522 Internet Technologies Network Architecture Models
Lecture III
Network Architecture Models
Consider the network as a stack of layers Connection Oriented: connect, use, disconnect
(similar to telephone service)
Each layer offers services to layers above it
Negotiation inherent in connection setup
Inter-layer exchanges are conducted according
to a protocol Connectionless: use (similar to postal service)
7
Network Architecture Models 433-522 Internet Technologies
8
433-522 Internet Technologies Network Architecture Models
9
Tutorial: Network Fundamentals 433-522 Internet Technologies
Lecture IV
Tutorial: Network Fundamentals
10
433-522 Internet Technologies
line, a medium speed line, a low speed line, or 7. The Internet is roughly doubling in size every
no line. If it takes 100 ms of computer time to 18 months. Although no one really knows for
generate and inspect each topology, how long sure, one estimate put the number of hosts on it
will it take to inspect all of them? at 100 million in 2001. Use these data to
compute the expected number of Internet hosts
in the year 2010. Do you believe this? Explain
why or why not.
5. A disadvantage of a broadcast subnet is the
capacity wasted when multiple hosts attempt to
access the channel at the same time. As a
simpistic example, suppose that time is divided 8. List two advantages and two disadvatages of
into discrete slots with each of the n hosts having international standards for network
attempting to use the channel with probability protocols.
p during each slot. What fraction of slots are
wasted due to collisions?
9. Which of the OSI layers handles each of the
following: a) Dividing the transmitted bit
6. What are two reasons for using layered stream into frames. b) Determining which route
protocols? through the subnet to use.
11