What is Sexual Harassment?
It is a form of sexual discrimination that violates
What does the Equal Employment Opportunity
Commission define sexual harassment as?
Examples of Sexual Harassment
What is quid pro quo?
Behaviors considered to be Sexual Harassment?
What is the difference between flirtations versus
harassment?
Sexual Harassment in the Workplace
Fields with the highest and lowest reported sexual
harassment in the workplace
Titles 7 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
1. unwelcome sexual advances
2. requests for sexual favors
3. Other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual
nature when this conduct{explicitly or implicitly
affects individuals employment, unreasonably
interferes with an individuals work performance,
creates an intimidating or hostile environment}
Verbally harassing or abusing someone, exerting
subtle pressure for sexual activity, making
remarks about a persons body or clothing, ogling
at a persons body, engaging in unwelcome
touching, brushing against a persons body,
making demands for sexual behaviors, and
stalking (One type of harassment that may not
involve sexual harassment- Defined as a course of
action that would cause a reasonable person to
feel fear)
when a person with power communicates that
sexual favors are expected in return for
employment, promotion, raises, grades, etc.
Creation of hostile environment - being
subjected to unwanted sexual remarks, pictures, or
sexually degrading employment policies
Aggressive acts - include unwanted touching,
fondling, etc. all the way to sexual assault
Third party effects- when a sexual relationship
between two people has a negative effect upon
other individuals, or third parties, such as co-
workers
1) whether you equal power
2) whether you are approached appropriately
3) whether you wish to continue contact
One in three women between the ages of 18-34
years has been sexually harassed at work
a) 81% experience harassment in verbal form
b) 44% encountered unwanted touching and
sexual advances
c) 25% received lewd texts or emails
d)29% of women reported the harassment;
71% did not report it
42% - Food/Service Hospitatlity
36% - Retail
31% - Arts and Entertainment
30% - Legal
Fields with the lowest levels of reported sexual
harassment

What is the strongest predictor for sexual
harassment?
What is sexual assault?
Sexual Assault is.?
What is rape?
Sexual Violence in the US
6 Attitudes about Violence
23% - Education
21% - Medical/Health Care
Probably the strongest predictor for sexual
harassment in a workplace is whether there is
widespread tolerance for this kind of treatment
A general term that includes any forced or
unwanted sexual activity, including rape, incest,
sexual abuse, and molestation
-is the most under reported crime against a person
-is the only crime where the victim is seen to be
more responsible for the crime, even more so than
the offender
Involves any forced, manipulated, or coerced
penetration of the vagina, anus, or mouth, by a
penis or other object (Definition is more inclusive
now)- Date rape (acquaintance rape) has the
lowest reporting rate
More than half of rape and sexual assault crimes
take place between 6pm and 6am
Most victims of rape or sexual assault are females
younger than 24 years of age
A womans risk of being sexually assaulted by a
friend, acquaintance, boyfriend, co-worker or
relative is 4 times greater than her risk of being
similarly victimized by a stranger
1. Minimization - refuse to take coercive sexual
behavior seriously
- May demean people who make such a big deal
over these behaviors
2. Directionality - difficult to talk openly about
these problems
-Men may feel defensive or ashamed
- Women may feel angry or overly protective of
the men present during discussions
3. Trivialization - often joked about by both
sexes
4. Blaming the Victim - women are blamed for
dressing or behaving provocatively or little girls
punished for behaving seductively
-this diverts responsibility from the perpetrator
5.Female Masochism - women connect sexual
pleasure with physical and emotional pain
6. Psychopathology - these men are mentally ill

Nature of Rape 1. Does not give the victim pleasure

2. Forces victim (survivor) into an intimate
physical encounter with the rapist against her or
his will
3. Women fear rape throughout their lives
 4. Actual prevalence rates of rape in the United
States are unknown
Most survivors do not report the crime
Why is there underreporting of date or 1. Female may not believe that a real rape
acquaintance rape? occurred
2. Female may blame herself or be aware how
others are likely to blame her for leading the
male on
3. Female may be unable to recall the assault
clearly because of alcohol or drug use
4. Female may distrust the police and legal
system
5. Female may fear reprisals from the rapist, his
friends or family
6. Female may fear the publicity
What are some myths about rape? Rape is a crime of passion
Women want to be raped
But she wanted sex
Women are raped only by strangers
Women could avoid rape if they really wanted to
Women cry rape for revenge
Rapists are crazy or psychotic
Men cannot control their sexual urges
Rape is no big deal
Men cannot be raped
Date Rape is? Sexual intercourse with a dating partner that
occurs against the victims will
What is post refusal sexual persistence? Pursuit of sexual contact with a person after he or
she has refused an initial advance
Date-Raper Profile 1. Hold traditional beliefs about women and
womens roles
2. Grew up in a violent home environment
3. Have an antisocial orientation
4. Display hostility toward women
5. Believe in rape-supportive myths
6. Accept general physical violence
7. Express anger and dominance sexually
8. Report high levels of sexual activity
9. Use exploitative techniques
10. Report alcohol and drug use
11. Report early sexual experiences
12. Tend to be narcissistic, having low empathy
and a sense of entitlement
Types of Rape? 1. Acquaintance rape
[Party rape (includes gang rapes), rape in a
nonparty and nondate situation, rape by a former
intimate, and rape by a current intimate]
2. Stranger rape
3. Marital rape [All 50 states have eliminated the
legal exemption for marital rape]

What are the motivations for rape?
Characteristics of True Recovery?
Sexual Assault Task Force
4. Gang rape
5. Statutory rape
- Consensual sexual contact with a person
younger than a states age of consent
6. Male rape (under-reported)
- Often perpetrated by 2 or more adult
heterosexual males against an adolescent or young
adult male, who may be gay or heterosexual
- The primary purpose is to humiliate or
degrade the victim
- Compared to female rape, male rape often
results in a higher level of physical injury
Anger rape- Physically violent, victims often
hospitalized
Power rape- Act of dominance to restore
assailants sense of control
Sadistic rape- Least frequent; most brutal
1. The victim is able to think about the assault
without intrusive flashbacks, memories or
nightmares
2. The victim can remember the assault with
appropriate emotions rather than with numbing or
false detachment
3. The victim can identify and endure the
emotions associated with the assault without
becoming overwhelmed by them
4. The victims level of depression, anxiety and
sexual dysfunction drop to at least a tolerable
level
5. The victim ends her social and emotional
isolation by reestablishing relationships with
others
6. The victim can assign some meaning to the
assault and her self-esteem becomes stronger than
the tendency to self-blame
President Obama signed the Presidential
Memorandum establishing the White House Task
Force to Protect Students From Sexual Assault on
January 22, 2014
Task Force Findings
1. One in 5 women and one in 16 men are
sexually assaulted while in college
2. More than 90% of sexual assault victims on
college campuses do not report the assault
3. Because many attacks occur at parties, victims
are often abused while they are drunk, under the
influence of drugs, passed out or otherwise
incapacitated
4. Assailants are often serial offenders

Bystander Focused Prevention of Sexual Violence
Campus Sexual Assault Victims Bill of Rights
Rape Prevention and Education (RPE) Efforts at
SDSU
63.3% of men at one university who self-
reported acts qualifying as rape or attempted rape
admitted to committing repeat rapes
1. Awareness: A key first step is to heighten
awareness so individuals and groups are better
able to identify instances of sexual violence
2. Sense of Responsibility: Gives the bystander
motivation to step in and take action
3. Perceptions of Norms: Perceptions of peer
norms about helping (whether you think your
friends are likely to help) and perceptions of
authorities attitudes are related to bystander
attitudes
4. Weighing Pros and Cons: People weigh the
costs and benefits of getting involved in a risky
situation
The potential to change the outcome of a risky
situation or to help a victim
5. Confidence: People who feel more confident in
their ability to help are more likely to take action
(A consistent research finding is that prevention
programs, particularly in-person educational and
skill workshops, increase individuals sense that
they can take effective action)
6. Building Skills: People need to know what to
do and how to do it (Survivors often say that
family and friends do not always do things that
are useful or supportive, and these negative or
unhelpful responses make coping with and
recovering from abuse much harder)
-The United States Congress enacted this Bill of
Rights in 1992
-All colleges and universities participating in
federal student aid programs are required to afford
sexual assault victims certain basic rights
-Accuser and accused must have the same
opportunity to have others present
-Both parties shall be informed of the outcome of
any disciplinary proceeding
-Survivors shall be informed of their options to
notify law enforcement
-Survivors shall be notified of counseling services
-Survivors shall be notified of options for
changing academic and living situations
1. Working with school administrators to
strengthen
school policies and procedures
2. Training college students as
mentors/educators for high school students
3. Training college students as leaders for
prevention programs and campaigns on campus
 4. Working with fraternities to engage men as
leaders in prevention
5. Conducting campus workshops on how to be
an active bystander to prevent sexual violence
Curricula
1. Professional education for campus
personnel
2. engaging men and boys
3. bystander empowerment
Child Sexual Abuse One in 4 girls and one in 6 boys will be sexually
abused before they turn 18 years old
-34% of people who sexually abuse a child are
family members
-12.3% of women were age 10 or younger at the
time of their first rape/victimization, and 30% of
women were between the ages of 11 and 17
-27.8% of men were age 10 or younger at the time
of their first rape/victimization
-More than 1/3 of women who report being raped
before age 18 also experience rape as an adult
96% of people who sexually abuse children are
male, and 76.8% of people who sexually abuse
children are adults
-Only 12% of child sexual abuse is reported to the
authorities
General Preconditions for Child Sexual Abuse 1. Being motivated to sexually abuse a child
- Emotional congruence: fulfills some emotional
need
2. Overcoming internal inhibitions that morally
tell us that sexually abusing a child is wrong
3. Overcoming external obstacles to committing
sexual abuse
4. Undermining or overcoming a childs potential
resistance
Grooming Process The tactic of gradually and methodically building
trust with a child, and the adults around them, to
gain increased access and alone time with their
future victim
Grooming Stages
1. Targeting the victim
Predator is looking for vulnerabilities
2. Gaining the victims trust
3. Filling a need
Once a predator gains initial access to a child, he
can look for gaps in supervision to exploit and be
there for the child when the parent is unable to
4. Isolating the Victim
5. Sexualizing the relationship
The predator makes his move on his victim when
he is able to isolate the victim
6. Maintaining Control

Who are the Children at Risk?
Why are children vulnerable?
Effects of Child Sexual Abuse
What is the aftermath of Child Sexual Abuse?
Preventing Child Sexual Abuse
What is the difference between a canker and a
cold sore?
The predator will do all that he can to keep the
victim silent and available for continued abuse
Female children & preadolescent children
1. They come from single-parent families
2. their parents cannot supervise them
3. Their relationships with parents are poor
4. They are emotionally needy
5. They have low self-confidence
6. They have physical or mental disabilities
Initial effects: occurring in the first 2 years
- emotional disturbances
a) fear, anger, hostility, guilt, shame
- physical consequences
a) Changes in sleeping, eating, pregnancy, STIs
- sexual disturbances
a) Open masturbation, sexual preoccupation
- social disturbances
a) social problems, running away, early
marriages
Long-term effects:
- depression
- self-destructive tendencies
- somatic disturbances and dissociation
- Negative self-concept-low self esteem, isolation
- interpersonal relationship difficulties
- Re-victimization - abused child raped again as
adult
- sexual problems
Traumatic sexualization (Inappropriately associate
sexual behaviors and emotions)
Betrayal (Adult survivors find trust difficult, may
become dependent or angry)
Powerlessness (Fear, anxiety, sense of not
control)
Stigmatization (Guilt, shame)
Child abuse prevention (CAP) programs aimed at
3 audiences:
- Children
Stress that abuse is not the childs fault
Say no, get away, tell a trusted adult
- Parents
Help parents discover abuse, identify warning
signs
- Professionals
Teachers, physicians, police, mental health
workers
Cold sores (aka fever blisters)
1. usually caused by HSV-1
2. small cluster of painful blisters that usually
break open, crust over and heal

Males are not diagnosed with chlamydia, they are
diagnosed with _______?
3. extremely contagious
Canker sores
1. are ulcers that occur in the soft tissues inside
your mouth
2. are associated with various nutritional and
immunological deficiencies
3. are not contagious or sexually transmitted
4. usually round white sores with a red border
5. can remain painful for several days, but
generally heal within one to three weeks
NGU

HIV Screening tests check for the ___? Presence of antibodies to HIV
Between attacks which virus stays dormant in the Herpes
nerves serving the site of infection?

Which infection can be orally transmitted thus Candidiasis

producing a condition known as thrush?
Incubation periods Chlamydia 7-21 days
Gonorrhea 2-5 days
Herpes 3-20 days
HPV 6 weeks to 8 months
About of infants infected at birth with this HSV (herpes)
infection develop a systemic infection and as
many as 60% of those infants will die
Which is a yeast infection? Candidiasis
Which is not a factor that can cause candidiasis? Wearing cotton underwear
Which statement about postherpetic neuralgia is Discomforted pain usually last for no more than a
false? few weeks
Possible symptoms of hepatitis include all of the following except?
a. Joint pain
b. Fatigue
c. Darkened urine
d. jaundice
Aids is called a syndrome because
a. It attacks the immune system
b. It is acquired not inherited
c. The symptoms occur as a group
d. The cdc has classified it this way
Which STI may predispose a female to cervical cancer?
a. Genital herpes
b. Gonorrhea
c. Chlamydia
d. Hpv
Donated blood has been screened for HIV since
a. 1981
b. 1988
c. 1985
d. 1991
Which is not a type of cancer associated with AIDS?
a. Lymphoma
b. Invasive cervical cancer
c. Kaposi sarcoma
d. cytomegalovirus