CHAPTER 1

The Problem and its Scope

Introduction

Grammatical error is a term used in prescriptive grammar to describe an instance

of faulty, unconventional, or controversial usage, such as a misplaced modifier or

an inappropriate verb tense. Also called a usage error.

Grammatical errors are usually distinguished from factual errors, logical

fallacies, misspellings, typographical errors, and faulty punctuation.

"Usage is a concept that embraces many aspects of and attitudes toward language.

Grammar is certainly only a small part of what goes to make up usage, though some

people use one term for the other, as when they label what is really a controversial point

of usage a grammatical error." (Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 11th ed.,

2003).

Grammar is the primary focused in studying English. Since English is an

international language used as a primary dialect, it is generally learned by the students

since they were in the basic level of education. When students learn English, they are

focused on mastering four language skills: Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing.

In the process of teaching and learning English, writing is the most difficult and

complicated language skill to be learned almost by the students in every level of

education. Actually, writing needs well knowledge and hard thinking when the students
produce words, sentences, paragraphs at the same time with good English grammar.

Some mistakes are made when the students do not understand well about the English

grammar. Many of the students commonly make grammar mistakes in their learning

especially in writing. But, sometimes the teacher did not aware about students mistakes.

Then the students made their mistakes repeatedly because they do not have the correction

and it was what we have called as error.

Errors in language learning are natural. Therefore, when the teachers teaching the

school, they will find many phenomena; they will find many students who have good

writing in English, many students who have middle writing, and may be they will find

many students who have low ability in writing English.

Although errors are bad things in learning English, error analysis is advantageous

for both students and teachers. For students, error analysis is needed to show them in

what aspect in grammar which is difficult for them, to show the errors made by the

students, to know the source or the cause of the error and how the students can learn from

their mistakes in order that they will not make some errors repeatedly. And for teachers,

it is required to evaluate themselves whether they are successful or not in teaching

English.

Theoretical/ Analytical Framework of the Study

This study is anchored on the concept of

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the common grammatical errors in essay writing.

Specifically, the study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1. Age;

1.2. Gender;

1.3. Number of errors in essay writing?

2. What grammatically error do students have in terms of:

2.1. Subject- verb Agreement;

2.2. The use of plural and singular form;

2.3. Sentence Fragments;

2.4. Apostrophe errors;

2.5. Misspellings;

2.6. Wrong word usage;

2.7. Misplaced or Dangling Modifier?

3. Which of those errors significantly decreases essay score?

Significance of the Study

This presents study bring benefits to the following:

Students: This research will help the students to identify their significant

grammatical error in wriing the English essay and helping them to overcome the flaws in

writing essays.

Instructors/Professors. This study would be beneficial for the teacher because

they will know why some of their students are poor in grammatical aspects in terms of

writing an essay.

Parents. The result of this study can informed the parents about the grammatical

eeroes of their children when it comes to essay writng.

Student Researchers. This study will serve as information that makes them

aware of those significant grammatical errors they might used in writing.

Scope and Delimitation

This study focus on the grammatical error of second language use in essay writing

among the selected students coming from Senior High Department of Dipolog City

Institute Of Technology, Dipolog City.

Operational Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined for greater understanding of this study.

Grammatical error. This refers to the error of grammar used by the students in

essay writing.
 Table of Contents

Title Page

Approval Sheet

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Table of Contents

List of Tables

List of Figures

Chapter 1 The Problem and its Scope

Introduction

Theoretical/Conceptual framework

Schematic Diagram of the study

Statement of the Problem

Significance of the study

Scope and Delimitation

Operational Definitions of terms

Chapter 2 Review of Related literature and studies

Related Literature

Related Studies

Chapter 3 Research Methodology

Research Method

Research Environment

Respondents of the study

Research Instrument

Pilot Testing Procedure

 Data Gathering Procedure

Statistical Treatment of the study

Chapter 4 Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data

Chapter 5 Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations

Restatement of the problem

Summary of Findings

Conclusions

Recommendations

Bibliography

Appendices

Appendix A- Letter to the Adviser

Appendix B- Letter to the English Editor

Appendix C- Questionnaire

Appendix D- Variation in the processes of word formation

Curriculum Vitae
 Republic of the Philippines
JOSE RIZAL MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY
The Premier University in Zamboanga del Norte
Dipolog Campus, Dipolog City

September 7, 2015

ROCHEL A. RANES
JRMSU DIPOLOG CAMPUS
DIPOLOG CITY

DEAR PROF. RANES,

Good day!

I Kevin F. Menorias, third year students of Bachelor of Science Secondary

Education major in English, humbly ask your permission to be my adviser in my
undergraduate thesis entitled GRAMMATICAL ERROR ON ESSAY WRITING
AMONG THE SELECTED SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN DCIT.

You are chosen because we believe that you will guide us in my research and that
you have the patience and expertise on the grammatical havoc on essay writing that will
lead me to the completion of our research.

Sincerely Yours,

Kevin F. Menorias

Noted:

ROCHEL A. RANES
Research Instructor

GRAMMATICAL ERROR ON ESSAY WRITING AMONG THE SELECTED

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN DCIT
 An Undergraduate Thesis

Presented to

The Faculty College of Education

JOSE RIZAL MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY
The Premier University of Zamboanga del Norte
Dipolog Campus, Dipolog City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

Of the Course Research 32- Methods of
Educational Research with Thesis

Kevin F. Menorias
September 2017

Independent Variable Dependent Variable