Working Principle and Signal Flow

The HUNQ2 board consists of switching interface module, traffic manager, packet processor, signal processing
module, WDM-side optical module, control and communication module, and power supply module.
Functional Modules and Signal Flow

Figure 1 shows the functional modules and signal flow of the HUNQ2 board.
Figure 1 Functional modules and signal flow of the HUNQ2

The transmit and receive directions are defined in the signal flow of the HUNQ2 board. The transmit direction is
defined as the direction from the backplane to the WDM side of the HUNQ2 board, and the receive direction is
defined as the reverse direction.

Transmit direction:

Packet service:
1. The switching interface module processes the data packets coming from the cross-
connect board and sends the Ethernet packets to the traffic manager.
2. The traffic manager reassembles the received data packets, buffers them, and then
sends them to the packet processor.
3. The packet processor performs Layer 2 functions for the data packets, including
protection, OAM, and QoS, and encapsulates the data packets to the ODUk payload area.

SDH service:
 The SDH processing module receives VC-4 signals from the cross-connect board through the
backplane and processes the SDH signal overheads, encapsulates the signals to the ODUk payload
area, and then sends the signals to the OTN processing module.

OTN service:
1. The ODUk cross-connect module receives the ODUk electrical signals from the
cross-connect board through the backplane and sends the signals to the OTN processing
module.
2. The OTN processing produces (by performing operations such as OTN framing and
FEC coding) and sends four OTU2 electrical signals to the WDM-side optical module.
3. When the WDM-side optical module receives the four OTU2 electrical signals, it
performs E/O conversion and sends out four OTU2/OTU2e optical signals over four ITU-T
G.694.1-compliant wavelengths through the OUT1-OUT4 optical ports.

Receive direction:

OTN service:
1. The WDM-side optical module receives four OTU2/OTU2e optical signals over four
ITU-T G.694.1-compliant wavelengths through the IN1-IN4optical ports. Then, the module
performs O/E conversion, produces four OTU2/OTU2e electrical signals, and sends the four
signals to the OTN processing module.
2. When the OTN processing module receives the four OTU2/OTU2e electrical
signals, it performs operations, such as FEC decoding, demapping, and demultiplexing, and
produces ODU0/ODU1/ODUflex/ODU2/ODU2e signals.
If Layer 2 processing has been defined, the module sends the signals to the packet processor.
If the ODUk cross-connection has been defined, the module directs the signals to the ODUk
cross-connect module.
3. The ODUk cross-connect module sends the ODUk signals to the backplane for
grooming.

SDH service:
The SDH processing module converts the ODUk signals into VC signals and sends them to the cross-
connect board through the backplane.

Packet service:
1. After receiving the ODUk signals, the packet processor decodes the signals and
performs serial/parallel conversion. Then it searches for routes and matches addresses for the
data packets, performs Layer 2 functions such as protection, OAM, and QoS for the data
services, and sends the data packets to the traffic manager.
2. The traffic manager buffers received data packets, slices packets to those suitable
for the switching fabric, and then sends the packets to the switching interface module.
3. The switching interface module buffers the packets and sends them to the cross-
connect board through the backplane.

Module Functions

WDM-side optical module

The module includes a receiver and a transmitter.

Receiver: performs the O/E conversion of OTU2/OTU2e optical signals.

Transmitter: performs the E/O conversion of OTU2/OTU2e optical signals.

Reports WDM side optical port performance.

 Reports WDM side laser status.

Signal processing module

SDH processing module

Encapsulates the VC services and processes the signal overheads.

ODUk cross-connect module

Performs backplane cross-connections of ODUk signals.

OTN processing module

Frames OTU2/OTU2e signals, processes the overheads of the OTU2/OTU2e signals, and performs
FEC/AFEC encoding/decoding.

Packet Processing Module

Searches for routes, matches addresses, switches labels, and performs Layer 2 functions such as
protection, OAM, and QoS processing for packets.

Traffic Manager
Slices packets and provides large-volume buffering.

Switching interface module

Buffers packets, and manages and schedules queues. It also works with a cross-connect board to form a
switching fabric, which performs switching on packets.

Control and Communication Module

Controls all operations performed on the board.

Collects information about alarms, performance events, working status, and voltage
monitoring from each module of the board.

Communicates with the system control and communication board.

Power Supply Module

Converts the DC power supplied by the backplane into the power required by each module on the board.