Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Includes:
Indirect Pulp Therapy
Direct Pulp Cap
Pulpotomy
Apexification
VITAL PULP THERAPY
Endodontics:
Apical Periodontitis
INDIRECT PULP THERAPY
Also called indirect pulp cap
DEFINITION:
Placement of protective dressing over thin remaining dentin
which, if removed, might expose the pulp
PURPOSE:
To protect the pulp from further injury and to permit healing
and repair
INDIRECT PULP THERAPY
INDICATIONS:
Primary and permanent teeth
Minimal pulpal inflammation
No clinical signs of pulpal degeneration
Asymptomatic or symptoms of reversible pulpitis
No spontaneous pain
No p/a radiolucency
INDIRECT PULP THERAPY
SUCCESS RATE
99% success for avoiding pulp exposure
92% success – 3½-4½ year follow-up
Failed indirect pulp therapy means
irreversible pulpal disease
INDIRECT PULP THERAPY
TECHNIQUE
Anesthetic
Rubber dam to keep bacterial count as low as
possible
Remove all caries at DEJ and just enough
remaining caries to permit placement of a
temporary restoration
Large round bur less likely to cause
accidental exposure than spoon excavator
INDIRECT PULP THERAPY
TECHNIQUE (cont’d)
Place ZOE dressing (can also use CaOH)
SEAL with IRM (toxic to bacterial cells)
SEALING is the most important step
Can use Amalgam or Glass Ionomer if longer
term seal is required
INDIRECT PULP THERAPY
TECHNIQUE (cont’d)
After 8 weeks, remove remaining caries,
evaluate: arrested? exposure?
If no pulp exposure – final restoration
If pulp exposure – direct pulp cap or
pulpotomy or pulpectomy
Failed Indirect Pulp Cap means irreversible
pulpal disease
INDIRECT PULP THERAPY
NOTE re: IMMATURE TEETH
Indirect pulp cap should be used whenever
possible to avoid pulp exposure. In immature
teeth (open apices) every attempt must be made
to maintain pulp vitality until root development is
complete. Loss of vitality before complete root
development leaves a short, thin, weak root
more prone to fracture, poorer crown:root ratio.
ALWAYS TRY TO AVOID APEXIFICATION IF
APEXOGENISIS IS POSSIBLE
DIRECT PULP CAP
DEFINITION:
Placement of a protective dressing directly
over pulp at site of exposure
PURPOSE
To permit healing & repair and to maintain the
pulp’s vitality and function
DIRECT PULP CAP
INDICATIONS:
Permanent teeth only
Carious or mechanical exposures ie. when indirect
pulp therapy fails or in the RARE event of an
accidental exposure
Best used on teeth with immature permanent with
exposed pulps
Once root formation is complete – NSRCT
Use in mature teeth is controversial. Best considered
a temporary or compromise tx
DIRECT PULP CAP
INDICATIONS (cont’d)
Careful Case Selection:
Minimal pulpal inflammation
No clinical signs of pulpal degeneration
PURPOSE:
To protect and preserve the remaining radicular pulp’s vitality and function
PULPOTOMY
INDICATIONS:
Exposed vital pulps in carious primary teeth
Exposed vital pulps in carious immature
permanent teeth (to allow continued root
development prior to NSRCT)
Traumatically exposed primary or permanent
teeth; mature or immature
As an emergency procedure prior to NSRCT
PULPOTOMY
PROGNOSIS:
Questionable in carious exposures in mature
teeth.
Good for apexogenisis in immature teeth with
carious exposures
Excellent for traumatic exposures regardless
of root maturity, size of exposure or time
elapsed since injury
PULPOTOMY
TECHNIQUE:
Carious Exposure:
Pulp removed to cervical line in anterior teeth, to
canal orifices in posterior teeth
Clinical judgement influences amount of tissue
removed
High speed diamond with water spray
amputation site
PULPOTOMY
TECHNIQUE (cont’d)
Flush with sterile saline
Do Not air dry
Apexogenisis Apexification
OPEN APEX CASES
APEXOGENISIS
Treatment:
Indirect Pulp Cap
Direct Pulp Cap
Pulpotomy
OPEN APEX CASES
APEXOGENISIS
Materials:
CaOH
Bonded Materials (resins, GICs)
MTA
OPEN APEX CASES
APEXIFICATION:
Indication: Immature tooth with necrotic pulp
Traditional Technique: Canal disinfection
(instrumentation, irrigation, CaOH dressing); replace
dressing periodically over 1-3 years; formation of
apical dentin barrier; obturation
Alternate Technique: Canal disinfection
(instrumentation, irrigation, CaOH dressing); place
MTA apical barrier after 1 week (microscope);
obturate with gutta-percha and sealer.