Question One

Improve the following sentences through the use of

proper parallel constructions (4 marks)

1- It is much easier to adopt a pet than getting rid of

one.
It is much easier to adopt a pet than to get rid of
one.
2- The city map lists streets, parks, and what the
tourists like to see.
The city map lists streets, parks, and
sightseeing.
3- The population of Asia is larger than Europe.
The population of Asia is larger than Europe's.
4- The lazy student always takes a nap or watching
television in the afternoon.
The lazy student always takes a nap or watches
television in the afternoon.

Question Two
Each of the following is a run-on. Correct the run-on and
identify the different types of clauses or phrases in
each sentence. (4 Marks)
1- Although they are more likely the forerunners of
tomorrows cars electric cars cannot compete in
todays market.
 Although they are more likely the forerunners of
tomorrows cars, electric cars cannot compete
in todays market.

Although they are more likely the forerunners of

tomorrows cars: a dependent clause.
electric cars cannot compete in todays market: an
independent clause

2- Due to the sudden increase in demand prices

rose sharply.
Due to the sudden increase in demand, prices
rose sharply.
Due to the sudden increase in demand: a phrase
prices rose sharply: an independent clause.

3- There is a widespread but apparently wrong

belief that people are more likely to commit suicide in
December.
There is a widespread, but apparently, wrong
belief that people are more likely to commit
suicide in December.
There is a widespread, but apparently, wrong belief
that people are more likely to commit suicide in
December: an independent clause.
4- The man screamed loudly however no one
approached him with offers of help.
The man screamed loudly, however, no one
approached him with offers of help.
The man screamed loudly: an independent clause.
no one approached him with offers of help: an
independent clause.

Question Three
Combine each group of sentences into one effective
sentence containing only one independent clause.
(4 marks)
1- The price of aluminum surpassed that of gold.
- The price of aluminum fell rapidly in 1859.
Though the price of aluminum surpassed that of
gold, it fell rapidly in 1859.

2- Jack is a doctor.
- He invented a new drug.
- He was invited to give a speech.
Jack, a doctor, who invented a new drug, was
invited to give a speech.

3- He had broken his leg.

- He was taken to the emergency room.
When he broke his leg, he was taken to the
emergency room.
4- Many computer languages were available.
- COBOL was chosen.
Though many computer languages were
available, COBOL was chosen.
Question Four
Re-write the following sentences to achieve a more
concise statement.
1- In the final analysis, there were three causes of
the Civil war.
There were three causes of the Civil war.

2- The doctor will sterilize and disinfect the wound.

The doctor will disinfect the wound.

3- There are many issues which divide the state.

Many issues divide the state.
4- The man, who was elected, was not the best.
The elected man was not the best.
Question Five
Read through the following paragraphs and mention
the function of each of the underlined sentences .

Getting a Good Night's Sleep

Did you sleep well last night? Or did you wake
up feeling fatigued and sluggish-perhaps even
wondering if you really slept at all? Getting a good
night 's sleep requires more than crawling into bed
and closing your eyes. Understanding your sleep
behavior and preparing for a sound slumber can help
make sure every night is a good night for sleeping. (1)
Sleep is a behavior and, like all behaviors, it
varies greatly among people.(2) The greatest
differences occur in the timing and the amount of
sleep- the factors which are most important in
determining whether you will wake up feeling rested.

Research has found that people sleep better at

different times during their daily cycle . For example,
some people function better if they go to sleep early
and rise early, while others feel more rested if they
stay up late and sleep in.(3) Many people do not pay
attention to the timing of their sleep. Yet delaying or
altering the time you go to sleep can have a major
impact on how you feel when you wake up.
The amount of sleep the average adult needs
each night also varies. Some people may be fine with
six hours sleep, while others need up to nine hours
per night. Those who follow a regular sleep
schedule are more apt to function better on fewer
hours, but most adults need at least six hours of sleep
each night.
A person's sleeping patterns are not set in
concrete. Gradually altering the timing of sleep can
help change sleep patterns. An evening person, who
needs to get to work early in the morning can try
upping the time he\she goes to bed by 30 minutes
every few days. Within a few weeks, this slow
adjustment will help reset the internal body clock(4)

Answers
1- A thesis statement.
2- Topic sentence.
3- Support sentence.
4- Concluding sentence.