START Triage

Assess, Treat (use bystanders) CERT Size-Up Search Markings

When you have a color 1. Gather Facts
STOP TAG MOVE ON 1 2 Date 4
2. Assess Damage
Time IN
-- Move Walking Wounded 3. Consider Probabilities
4. Assess Your Situation 7 Time Out
-- No RESPIRATIONS
after head tilt 5. Establish Priorities
6. Make Decisions
-- Breathing but Areas
7. Develop Plan of Action
UNCONSCIOUS 3 CERT ID 6 Searched/
8. Take Action
-- Respirations Over 30 9. Evaluate Progress Hazards
D -- Perfusion Capillary refill
M E I >2 or NO RADIAL PULSE
I C M Control Bleeding
N E M -- Mental Status Unable
E 5 # Victims
O A to follow simple commands
R S D REMEMBER:
-- All Others
E I D SIZE-UP IS A
D A E CONTINUAL Unsafe to Enter:
T L REMEMBER: PROCESS
E A
Respirations 30
Y
Perfusion 2
E
Mental Status Can Do
D

Radio Communications Patient History pt 1

Remember, ask follow up/probing questions!
Phonetic Alphabet
A - Alpha
B - Bravo
J - Juliet
K - Kilo
S - Sierra
T - Tango
SAMPLE
C - Charlie L - Lima U - Uniform Signs and Symptoms
D - Delta M - Mike V - Victor Sign = Objective (cough, etc.)
E - Echo N - November W - Whiskey
F - Foxtrot O - Oscar X - X-Ray Symptom = Subjective (fatige, etc.)
G - Golf P - Papa Y - Yankee Allergies
H - Hotel Q - Quebec Z - Zulu
I - India R - Romeo Medical or Environmental
Messages Have you ever had an allergic reaction?
WAIT!!! Listen for a break in transmissions before speaking!! Medications
_____, this is _______. Wait to be acknowledged before Dosage and last intake (+OTC)
Recipient Your Call Sign transmitting your message.

_______, this is _____, go ahead. Have you taken any medications?

Your Call Sign Recipient
Past Medical History
_____, this is _______, <message>. Illness, Injury
Recipient Your Call Sign
Use I SPELL for unusual words (street names, etc.) What medical conditions do you have?
SPELL NUMBERS (1 7 1 5", NOT Seventeen Fifteen) Last oral intake/menstruation
If you make an error, say CORRECTION and start Food, drinks, drugs?
again with the last correct word in your message.
If needed, say READ BACK to request the recipient What was ingested?
read back the message to ensure accuracy. When did you last eat/drink/do drugs?
If you didnt understand the message, say SAY AGAIN
Events leading up to the injury/illness
Say OVER after your message if you expect a reply.
What made you ____?
Say OUT after your message if are done
communicating.

HELICOPTER APPROACH/LANDING ZONE

LANDING SITE
WIND WIND

LANDING POINT

HELICOPTER APPROACH
 Utility Shut Off Damage Assessment Triage in a Disaster Environment
Stop, Look, Listen, and Think. Before you start,
Light Damage stop and size up the situation by looking around
you and listening. Above all, THINK about how you
- Superficial will approach the task at hand. Continue to size up
- Broken Windows the situation as you work.
- Superficial cracks/breaks in wall Conduct Voice Triage. Begin with voice triage,
calling out something like, Emergency Response
surface Team. If you can walk, come to the sound of my
- Minor damage to interior contents voice. Instruct those survivors who are ambulatory
to remain at a designated location, and continue
with the triage operation.

Moderate Damage Follow a Systematic Route. Start with victims

closest to you and work outward in a systematic
- Visible signs of damage fashion.
Conduct Triage Evaluation. Evaluate victims and
- Decorate work damaged/fallen tag them I (immediate), D (delayed), or DEAD.
- Many visible cracks/breaks in wall Remember to evaluate the walking wounded.
Electric Panel - Major damage to interior contents Everyone must get a tag.
Treat I Victims Immediately. Initiate airway
- Building still on foundation management, bleeding control, and/or treatment for
shock for Category I (immediate) victims.
Document Results. Document triage results for:
Heavy Damage - Effective deployment of resources.
- Information on locations of victims
- Partial or total collapse - A quick record of the number of casualties by
- Tilting degree of severity.
- Obvious structural instability This will be very useful information for responders
and transportation units.
- Building off foundation Always wear protective gear when performing
triage, so that you do not endanger your own
health.

0 = No hazard
1 = Can cause significant

2 = Can cause temporary incapacitation

3 = Can cause serious or permanent

4 = Can be lethal
WOX = Reacts violently or explosively with water

ACID = Acidic
COR = Corrosive
Patient History pt 2

ALK = Alkaline
SPECIAL HAZARD

OX = Oxidizing
W = Reacts violently or explosively with
= Radioactive

irritation

or residual injury

injury
Remember, ask follow up/probing questions!

and oxidizing

water
This chart for reference only For complete specifications consult NFPA 704 Standard
OPQRST
Onset of the Event
What were you doing when this
started?
Provocation/Palliation
Does moving/pressure/etc. make it
worse?
Quality of the Pain
Sharp, Dull, Throbbing, etc.
Can you describe it for me?
Region and Radiation
Location of Pain, does it radiate?
INSTABILITY HAZARD

Severity
Scale of 1-10, 10 being worst pain

2 = Must be heated or high

3 = Can be ignited under almost

4 = Will vaporize and readily

1 = Must be preheated before
0 = Will not burn

ambient temperature to burn

all ambient temperatures

burn at normal temperatures

ever
ignition can occur
Now, At Onset, At Palliation?
Time (History)
Duration, Change, Previous, etc.

HELICOPTER APPROACH/LANDING ZONE WIND CHILL CHART

Temperature(F)
Calm 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35 -40 -45
5 36 31 25 19 13 7 1 -5 -11 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -46 -52 -57 -63
10 34 27 21 15 9 3 -4 -10 -16 -22 -28 -35 -41 -47 -53 -59 -66 -72
15 32 25 19 13 6 0 -7 -13 -19 -26 -32 -39 -45 -51 -58 -64 -71 -77
WindSpeed(mph)

BEWARE OF BEWARE OF ROTOR FLEX!! 20 30 24 17 11 4 -2 -9 -15 -22 -29 -35 -42 -48 -55 -61 -68 -74 -81
UNEVEN TERRAIN!!
25 29 23 16 9 3 -4 -11 -17 -24 -31 -37 -44 -51 -58 -64 -71 -78 -84
30 28 22 15 8 1 -5 -12 -19 -26 -33 -39 -46 -53 -60 -67 -73 -80 -87
When walking around the helicopter, never 35 28 21 14 7 0 -7 -14 -21 -27 -34 -41 -48 -55 -62 -69 -76 -82 -89
approach from the rear, even if the aircraft 40 27 20 13 6 -1 -8 -15 -22 -29 -36 -43 -50 -57 -64 -71 -78 -84 -91
is not running. Always approach the 45 26 19 12 5 -2 -9 -16 -23 -30 -37 -44 -51 -58 -65 -72 -79 -86 -93
aircraft from the front so you can see the
50 26 19 12 4 -3 -10 -17 -24 -31 -38 -45 -52 -60 -67 -74 -81 -88 -95
pilot, and he/she can see you.
55 25 18 11 4 -3 -11 -18 -25 -32 -39 -46 -54 -61 -68 -75 -82 -89 -97
60 25 17 10 3 -4 -11 -19 -26 -33 -40 -48 -55 -62 -69 -76 -84 -91 -98
Frostbiteoccursin15minutesorless

Water Purification
Water can be purified by three methods- heat,
filtration and chemical treatment. All
pathogens can be killed by boiling water for
10 minutes. For filtration and chemical
treatment, use the following charts as guides.
Crowd and Traffic Look Out/Watch Out
CERT members should look out for the following potentially dangerous situations:
Crowd Look Out Situations Traffic Look Out Situations
- Unfriendly demeanor - Dark or rainy conditions
- Complaining/irritable - Disgruntled drivers
- Lack of eye contact - Directing traffic at an intersection by
- Rumor spreading yourself
- Disregarding directions - Turning your back to oncoming traffic

Pathogen Maximum Filter These situations are very dangerous and must be avoided or treated with extreme caution:
Pore Size Crowd Look Out Situations Traffic Look Out Situations
- Noncompliance - Lighted flares near gas or hazardous
Giardia and 5 microns - Hostile demeanor/threatening posture materials
ameoba cysts - Unreasonable demands - Impaired drivers or out-of-control vehicles
Enteric bacteria 0.2 to 0.5 microns - Irrational questioning - Blocked escape route
- Disrespect for property - Tired or distracted flag persons
Cryptosporidium 3 microns
- Yelling - No one in charge of traffic scene
Parasitic eggs and 20 to 30 microns - Pushing - Standing in the shade, over the crest
larvae - Excitability of a hill, or around a sharp curve
- Overcrowding
Clear Cloudy
Chemical Water Water
(4ppm) (8ppm)
Sodium Chlorine
(household
2 drops/qt. 4 drops/qt.
bleach - 5.25%,
unscented)
8 drops/ 16 drops/
shake/stir, let stand
gal gal
for 30 minutes before
using
 Setting Traffic Flares and Cones
- Set 20-25 feet apart in a straight line
DCAP-BTLS
Flares and Cones - Set at a gradual angle Deformities
- Use to direct traffic to one side of obstruction
- Position flag person at both ends of obstruction Contusions
Safe Procedure for Lighting Flares Abrasions
1. Wear protective equipment such as gloves and goggles to avoid burns.
2. Do not light flares near fire hazards such as leaking gas, butane, hazardous Punctures
materials, wind.
3. Point flare away from your body and down.
Burns
4. Turn face away from flare and strike down/away from your body. Tenderness
5. Never hold flare above head and shoulders. Molten material drips from end of
flares and can cause severe burns. Lacerations
6. After lighting flare, do not push cap onto end of flare with the palm of your hand, as
striking surface may hold hot residue after flare is lit.
Swelling
Safe procedure for Extinguishing Flares
1. Pick up flare and tap lit end on ground until flare goes out. Order of Assessment
2. Do not throw or step on flares to put them out.
1. Head
2. Neck
3. Shoulders
4. Chest
5. Arms
6. Abdomen
7. Pelvis
8. Legs