Hal 12. why carbon steel not considered as alloys ?

hal 57. Inspection technique used to find the thinnest thickness measurement at a
CML. See guidance contained in API 574.
CML : Condition Monitoring Location
hal.25 what is ductile to brittle temperature?
pipe class in maleo ?
LT and ST corrosion rate

Minimum content of inspection plan :

a) define the type(s) of inspection needed, e.g. internal, external, on-stream
(nonintrusive);
b) identify the next inspection date for each inspection type;
c) describe the inspection methods and NDE techniques;
d) describe the extent and locations of inspection and NDE at CMLs;
e) describe the surface cleaning requirements needed for inspection and
examinations for each type of inspection;
f) describe the requirements of any needed pressure test (e.g. type of test, test
pressure, test temperature, and
duration); and
g) describe any required repairs if known or previously planned before the upcoming
inspection.

General Types of Inspection and Surveillance:

a) internal visual inspection,
b) on-stream inspection,
c) thickness measurement inspection,
d) external visual inspection,
e) CUI inspection,
f) vibrating piping inspection,
g) supplemental inspection,
h) injection point inspection.

Normally thickness measurements are taken while the piping is on-stream. On-stream
thickness monitoring is a good
tool for monitoring corrosion and assessing potential damage due to process or
operational changes.

CUI corrosion under insulation, including stress corrosion cracking under

insulation

Where appropriate, thickness measurements should include measurements at each of

the four quadrants on pipe
and fittings, with special attention to the inside and outside radius of elbows and
tees where corrosion/erosion could
increase corrosion rates. As a minimum, the thinnest reading and its location shall
be recorded. The rate of corrosion/
damage shall be determined from successive measurements and the next inspection
interval appropriately
established. Corrosion rates, the remaining life and next inspection intervals
should be calculated to determine the
limiting component of each piping circuit.

Every CML should have at least one or more examination points identified. Examples
include:
locations marked on un-insulated pipe using paint stencils, metal stencils, or
stickers;
holes cut in the insulation and plugged with covers;
temporary insulation covers for fittings nozzles, etc.;
isometrics or documents showing CMLs;
 radio frequency identification devices (RFID).

The required thickness of a pipe shall be the greater of the pressure design
thickness or the structural minimum
thickness.

The selection of CMLs shall consider the potential for localized corrosion and
service-specific corrosion as described in API 574 and API 571.

Any welding conducted on piping components in operation shall be done in accordance

with API 2201. The inspector
shall use as a minimum the Suggested Hot Tap Checklist contained in API 2201 for
hot tapping performed on piping
components. See API 577 for further guidance on hot tapping and welding in-service.
Ultrasonic thickness measurements taken on small bore pipe smaller (NPS 2 and
below) may require specialized equipment
(e.g. miniature transducers and/or curved shoes as well as diameter specific
calibration blocks). Radiographic profile
techniques may be used for locating areas to be measured, particularly in insulated
systems or where nonuniform or
localized corrosion is suspected.

in addition, it must be kept in mind that the pattern of corrosion can be

nonuniform. For corrosion rate determinations
to be valid, it is important that measurements on the thinnest point be repeated as
closely as possible to the same
location.

If RBI is not being used, the interval between piping inspections shall be
established and maintained using the
following criteria:
a) corrosion rate and remaining life calculations;
b) piping service classification (see 6.3.4);
c) applicable jurisdictional requirements;
d) judgment of the inspector, the piping engineer, the piping engineer supervisor,
or a materials specialist, based on
operating conditions, previous inspection history, current inspection results, and
conditions that may warrant
supplemental inspections covered in 5.5.6.

Thickness measurements should be scheduled at intervals that do not exceed the

lesser of one half the remaining life
determined from corrosion rates indicated in 7.1.1.1 or the maximum intervals
recommended in Table 2.

Hal 51. Table 2Recommended Maximum Inspection Intervals