Acca June 09 f1

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Accountant in Business
Syllabus
Click
A
toBusiness
editorganisation
Master text styles
structure, governance and management
Second
B
Keylevel
environmental influences and constraints on business and
accounting
Third level
Fourth
C level
History and role of accounting in business
Fifth
D
level
Specific functions of accounting and internal financial control
E Leading and managing individuals and teams
F Recruiting and developing effective employees
2
Examiner & Format of the Exam For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Examiner: Bob Souster

Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Format of the Exam Marks
Third level
1 mark question 10 questions 10
Fourth level
2 mark questions 40 questions 80
Fifth
Totallevel 90
Two hour exam 50% pass mark
Organisations
An organisation is a social arrangement which pursues
Click to edit
collective goals,Master textitsstyles
which controls own performance and
which has a boundary separating it from its environment
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
4
System For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Environment
Second levelBoundary
Third level
Fourth level
FifthInput
level Organisation Output
Types of organisation
Commercial sole traders, partnerships,
Click to edit
limited Master
liability text styles
partnerships, limited companies
Second level
Not-for-profit
Third level
Public sector
Fourth level
Fifth level
Non-governmental organisations eg
Greenpeace
Cooperatives
6
Organisation structures For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Entrepreneurial
Functional
Second level
Third level
Divisional
Fourth
Matrixlevel
Fifth level
Mintzbergs structure
Click to edit Master text

Strategic styles
apex
Second level
Third level
re
Fourth level
Su
tu
uc
Fifth level
po
str
rt s
o
hn
Middle line
taf
c
f
Te
Operating core
8
Levels For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com

Second level Strategic
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level Tactical
Operational
Tall/narrow, wide/flat
Tall narrow Wide flat
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
10
Centralisation/decentralisation For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Looks at where power lies.

Advantages of decentralisation:
Second level
Work-load/time
Third level
Speed
Fourth level
Expertise
Fifth level
Motivation
Training and assessment
But
Poorer coordination
11
Recent trends
Downsizing
Second level
Third level
De-layering
Fourth level
Fifth level
Outsourcing
12
Formal and informal organisations For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Staff appraisals Mission statement

Second level charts
Organisation Procedures manuals
Third level
Personal ambitions
Fourth level Group norms
Fifth Personal
level preferences Rumour/gossip
Alliances Shortcuts
Mutual cover-up
13
Information
What
Click is information?
to edit Master text styles
Second level
Data with meaning
ACCURATE
Third level
Fourth level
Accurate
Fifth level
Complete
Cost-beneficial
User-targeted
Relevant
Authoritative
Timely
Easy-to-use
14
Role of information technology For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Recent developments in IT have had a

Click to edit
massive Master
impact text
on the waystyles
we work
Second level
New communication channels
Third level
Office level
Fourth automation
Fifth
Homelevel
working
15
Types of system
Transaction processing system

Management
Second level information system
Third levelsupport system
Decision
Fourth levelinformation system
Executive
Fifth level
16
Information technology For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Stand alone
Lans level
Second
Third
Wans level
Fourth level
Internet
Fifth level
Intranet
Extranet
17
Levels types of information

Highly summarised

Many forward-looking estimates
Planning
Second level Strategic Ad hoc

External (and internal)
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level Tactical
Very detailed
Historical
Recording transactions
Routine
Operational Internal
18
Internal and external information For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Internal sources
Click Sales
analyses
Second level
Inventory reports
Debtor aging
Third Attendance
level records
Fourth level
External sources
Fifth level
Internet
Marketing literature
Conferences and courses
Commercial databases
Government
19
Environmental influences PEST(EL)

Political
Economic
Second level
Third level
Social
Fourth level
Technological
Fifth level
Ecological
Legal
20
Competitive forces For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Porters 5 forces model

Helps organisations
Second level to understand the
competitive forces in the environment
Third level
Competitive
Fourth level advantage
Fifth level
21
The basic idea, and essence of the paper

Cultural web
Culture The way we do things round here
Symbols
Second level & Titles
Third Myths
level& Power
Fourthstories
level relations
Fifth level Organisational
Assumptions
(Paradigm)
Rituals & Orgn
routines structure
Control
systems
22
Types of culture Handys classification For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Click to edit
Power Master text styles
(Zeus)
Second level
Role (Apollo)
Third level
Task (Athena)
Fourth level
Fifth level(Dionysus)
Person
23
Schein - three levels of culture
Artifacts (visual, structure, processes)

Second level
Third level values (strategies goals
Espoused
philosophies)
Fourth level
Fifth level
Basic underlying assumptions (basic
underlying assumptions)
24
National cultures For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
The Hofstede model

National culture influences how people work and
Second
expectlevel
to be managed
Third level
Countries differ on the following dimensions
Fourth level
Power distance
Fifth
level
Uncertainty avoidance
Individualism-collectivism
Masculinity
25
Stakeholders

Internallevel
Second
Third level
Fourth level
Connected
Fifth level
External
26
Mendelow For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Click to edit Master

Level oftext styles
interest
Low High
Second level
Third level Minimal
Low Keep informed
Fourth level effort
Power
Fifth level
Keep
High Key players
satisfied
27
Corporate governance
How are companies directed and controlled?
Separation
Second levelof ownership and control the
agency problem or stewardship.
Third level
Fourth level
Shareholders (owners)
Fifth level Appoint/report
Ownership Directors
Day-to-day management
Company
28
Elements of corporate governance For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Balance of executive and non-executive

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directors on Master
the boardtext styles
Second level
Remuneration, appointment and audit
Third level
committee
Fourth level
Proper
Fifth internal control systems
level
Approaches:
1 Compliance based US. Sarbanes Oxley Act
2 Principles-based
29
Combined code of corporate governance

Listed companies are expected to comply.
Any non-compliance
Second level must be explained in the
annual report.
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
30
Corporate Social Responsibility For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Should the interests of stakeholders other than

shareholders text
be taken intostyles
account?
Second level
Profit is of itself a good thing for society.
Third level
Shareholders
Fourth level could make donations
themselves.
Fifth level
Do directors have the authority to make non-
essential payments?
Who decides on the beneficiaries?
31
Ethics - importance
Risk reduction
Cost reduction
Second level
Third
Lowerlevel
returns required
Fourth level
More collaboration
Fifth level
Better employees
More sales
32
Individual influences on ethical behaviour For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
National and cultural beliefs

Education
Second and employment
level
Third level
Psychological factors
Fourth level
Personal integrity
Fifth level
Moral imagination
33
Situational influences on ethical behaviour

Reward mechanisms
Authority
Second level
Third level
Bureaucracy
Fourth level
Work roles
Fifth level
Organisational field
Organisational culture
National cultural context
34
Ethical stances (Johnson and Scholes) For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Short-term shareholder interest

Long-term
Second levelshareholder interest
Third levelstakeholder obligations
Multiple
Fourth level
Shaper of society
Fifth level
35
Influence of the accountancy profession

That the influence of the accountancy profession is
Click to edit
potentially huge Master
can be text stylessimply by
established
Second level
considering all the different involvements that
accountants have:
Third level
Financial accounting
Fourth level
Audit
Fifth level
Management accounting
Consulting
Tax
Public sector accounting
36
Professional ethical codes For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
The IFAC Code of Ethics in 2005 is a good

Click to edit
illustration of aMaster textethical
professional styles
code :
Second
The Code level
states that the accountancy profession
has alevel
Third responsibility to act in the public interest.
Fourth levelguidance establishes fundamental
The detailed
principles of ethics.
Fifth level
The guide then supplies a framework requiring
accountants to identify, evaluate and address threats
to compliance, applying safeguards to eliminate the
threats or to reduce them to an acceptable level.
37
ACCA Code of Ethics and Conduct.

Fundamental principles:
Integrity
Second level
Objectivity
Third level competence and due care
Professional
Fourth level
Confidentiality
Fifth level behaviour
Professional
38
Users of accounting information For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Managers of the company.

Shareholders of the company,.
Second level
Trade contacts: suppliers and customers
Third level
Providers of finance to the company.
Fourth level
The Inland Revenue.
Fifth level
Employees of the company.
Financial analysts and advisers,.
Government and their agencies.
The public.
39
Management accounts and financial accounts
Management accounts Financial accounts

Format regulated
Any format
Second level
Forward and back Historical
Third level
Often ad hoc Routine
Fourth level
Fifth governed by statute Statutory and accounting
Not level
rules
Not subject to audit
Often subject to audit
40
Audit For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Internal: External:
reports to
text styles report to
Audit
Second
management level members re
Third level
about true and
Fourth level
procedures fair
Fifth level
The profit and loss account
The balance sheet
The cash flow statement
Supporting notes
41
The regulatory system

Company law (CA 1985)
Accounting standards
Second levelFinancial Reporting Council.
Third level
Fourth level Accounting Standards Board (ASB),
Fifth level
(Issues standards 'concerned with principles rather than fine details'. Its
standards are called Financial Reporting Standards (FRSs))
The Urgent Issues Task Force (UITF) is an offshoot of the ASB. Tackles
urgent matters not covered by existing standards.
The Financial Reporting Review Panel (FRRP) is concerned with the
examination and questioning of departures from accounting standards
by large companies.
42
GAAP For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
GAAP is a set of rules governing accounting. The

Click
rulesto edit
may Master
derive from: text styles
Second
Company level
law (mainly CA 1985)
Third level standards
Accounting
Fourth level accounting standards and statutory
International
requirements in other countries (particularly the US)
Fifth level
Stock Exchange requirements
43
Internal controls
An organisation must develop clear internal
Click to editwhich
controls Master text stylesby staff
are understood
Second level
Framework for controls
Third level
Fourth levelenvironment
- control
Fifth- control
level processes
44
Implications of fraud For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Financial
Performance
Misrepresentation
Incorrect decisions
Reputation
45
Detecting and preventing fraud

Control systems including internal audit
Ethics level
Second
Third level
Training
Fourth level
Fifth level
46
Responsibility For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Directors controls and information

Externallevel
Second auditors audit procedures
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
47
The purpose and process of management

What is management?
gettinglevel
Second things done through other people
Third
What islevel
an organisation?
Fourth level
a social arrangement for the controlled
Fifth level
performance of collective goals
by Rosemary Stewart
48
Trait theory For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Key traits
Intelligence,
Second levelinitiative, self-assured
Third level
Criticisms
Fourth levelill-defined, subjective,
Too many,
Fifth level inappropriate
simplistic,
49
Henri Fayol (1841-1925) French industrialist

Henri Fayol - Classical Management

Five functions P, O treble C
Second level
P Planning
Third level
O Organising
Fourth level
C level
Fifth Commanding
C Coordinating
C Controlling
50
Taylor scientific management For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Principles
1. Science
Second of work
level
Third levelto job design
2. Applied
Fourth levelreward
3. Financial
Fifth level
4. Co-operation
51
Taylor - scientific management

Benefits
Productivity
Second level
Third
Wagelevel
allocation based on output
Fourth levelcare programmes
Workforce
Fifth
But level
Dehumanises work
52
Human relations school For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Hawthorne Studies Mayo (1880-1949)

More tolevel
Second motivation than pay human factors
Third level
People like groups
Fourth
Groups level
influence behaviour
Fifth level
53
Style theories
Drucker
Management
Second levelhas three functions
Third level a business
Managing
Fourth levelmanagers
Managing
Fifth level workers and work
Managing
Broken down further into five categories
54
Drucker For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Setting objectives
Organising
Second levelthe group
Third level and communicating
Motivating
Fourth levelperformance
Measuring
Fifth level people
Developing
55
Mintzberg managerial functions

Interpersonal roles - arising from figurehead
Click to editand
formal authority Master text
status and styles
liaison
Second level
supporting the information and leader
decision activities.
Third level monitor
Information processing roles
Fourth level disseminator
Fifth level spokesman
Decisional roles - making improver/changer
significant decisions disturbance handler
resource allocator
negotiator
56
Power, authority, responsibility, delegation For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Power ability to influence people or events

Rational/legal, coercion, reward, knowledge, charismatic
Second level
Third level the right to exercise power
Authority
Fourth level = accountability
Responsibility
Fifth level transfer of authority
Delegation
57
Ashbridge Management College model

Four types of leadership style
Tells level
Second Autocratic
Third
Sellslevel
Fourth level
Consults
Fifth level
Joins
Democratic
58
Blake and Moutons managerial grid For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Two basic criteria for leadership

Second
Concern for
level
1, 9 country club 9, 9 team
Third
peoplelevel
Fourth level
Fifth level
5,5 middle of
the road
1, 1 impoverished 1, 9 authoritarian
Concern for task
Contingency theories
Adair
Handy level
Second
Third level
Bennis
Fourth
Heifetzlevel
Fifth level
Fiedler
60
Adair action-centred leadership For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Concern
for individuals
Concern Concern
for the group for the task
61
Handys best fit theory
Click to edit MasterLoose

text styles Tight
Leader
Second level
Third level
Subordinates
Fourth
Task level
Fifth level
Environment
62
Bennis - 1 For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Manager - Administers, maintains, focuses on systems &

Click to and
controls edittheMaster
short term text styles
view, asks how and when, keeps
eye on the bottom line
Second level
Third
Leader level
- Innovates. Develops, focuses on people, inspires
Fourth
trust, level
asks
the horizon
what and why has a long-term view and an eye for
Fifth level
Bennis distinguishes between transformational (doing the
right thing) and transactional leadership (doing things right).
This distinction is often quoted as the difference between
management and leadership.
63
Bennis - 2
Qualities of great leaders:
Integritylevel
Second
Third level
Dedication
Fourth level
Magnanimity
Fifth level
Humility
Openness
Creativity
64
Heifetz adaptive leadership For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Move between the balcony and the battlefield.

Identify the adaptive challenge.
Second level
Create
Third a holding environment - support
level
Fourth level
Give the work back to the people with the
problem.
Fifth level
Protect the voices of leadership from below.
Regulate the distress.
Pay disciplined attention to the issues.
65
Fiedler
Effectiveness depends on:
Leadership style psychologically close or distant
Second
and level
Third level favourableness: the degree to which the
Situational
situation
Fourth level gives the leader control and influence
Three things are important here:
Fifth level
The relationship between the leaders and
followers.
The structure of the task.
Position power.
66
Fiedler contingency theory For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Effectiveness
Second level
Third
Distant level
Fourth level
Fifth level
Close
Unfavourable Favourable
67
Kotter
Transformational Transactional
Leadership text stylesLeadership
change
Second level (Leadership) (Management)
Creating agenda Establishing direction Planning and
Third level budgeting
Fourth level
Developing HR Aligning people Organising and
Fifth level staffing
Execution Motivating and Controlling and
inspiring problem solving
Outcomes Produces changes Produces
often dramatic predictability and
order
68
Groups For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
What is a group?
any collection of people who perceive themselves to
Second level (Charles Handy)
be a group
Third level
Fourth level
Sense of purpose, aim
Fifth level
Identity
Group norms
Communication
69
Team Roles
Dr Meredith Belbin: eight (or nine)

Click to edit
different rolesMaster
in teams: text styles
Second level
Chairman
Third Shaper
level
Fourth level
Monitor/evaluator
Fifthlevel
Company worker
Resource-investigator
Team worker
Plant
Completer/finisher
Specialist
70
Tuckman (1965) Important to know this theory for the exams.
Tuckman Stages of team development For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
1. Forming
2. Storming
Second level
3. Norming
Third level
Fourth level
4. Performing
Fifth level
5. Dorming
71
Teams and committees

Teams deliberately formed, specific
Click to editmixed
objectives, Master textleader
skills, styles
Second level
Third level
Committees
Fourth level decision-making, chairperson,
mixed
Fifth skills. Formal decisions.
level
72
Motivation For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
What is motivation?
The urgelevel
Second to take action to achieve or avoid
something.
Third level
Managers
Fourth need to understand what motivates
level
individuals
Fifth level in order to urge them to fulfil the
organisations objectives.
73
Motivation
Content Theory What is in the
Click to edit
job that Master
motivates text styles
employees to
Second level
perform to the best of their
Third level
abilities?
Fourth level
Fifth level
Process Theory - How can
managers get the most out of their
staff?
74
Maslows Hierarchy of Needs For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com

Self-
Second level actualisation
Third level
Esteem needs
Fourth level
Fifth level Social needs
Safety needs
Physiological needs
75
Hierarchy of needs - limitations

Order
Individuals
Second level
Third levelbehaviour
Altruistic
Fourth
Westernlevel
cultural values
Fifth level
76
Herzberg For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Focus on hygiene factors to avoid

dissatisfaction
Second level
Jobs should be redesigned to provide
Third level
motivators
Fourth level
Fifth level
77
Vroom Expectancy theory

Valence x Expectancy = Force
Second level
Third
Suggestslevelthat people will only put effort into
something
Fourth levelif they care about an outcome and
think
Fifth it can be achieved.
level
78
McGregor Theory X and Theory Y For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
The assumptions of managers affect how they

Click
triedtotoedit Master
manage text styles
and motivate people
Second level
McGregor presented two opposing assumptions
Third level
Theorylevel
Fourth X
Fifth level
Theory Y
79
Intrinsic and extrinsic rewards

Intrinsic
Rewards
Second come from within a feeling of
level
achievement, personal advancement etc.
Third level
Extrinsic
Fourth level
Fifth level come from outside pay, praise
Rewards
80
Increasing motivation For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Participation
Job design
Second level
Third
Joblevel
enlargement
Job rotation
Fourth level
Job enrichment
Fifth level
81
Pay as a motivator
How pay is determined
What dolevel
Second we want from pay?
Third level related pay
Performance
Fourth
Grouplevel
rewards
Fifth level
82
Personal development plans For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Action plan for individuals

Improvelevel
Second performance
Third levelskills and competences
Improve
Fourth
Careerlevel
development transferable skills
Fifth level growth and interests
Personal
SMARTER: specific, measurable, agreed,
realistic, time-bound, evaluated, reviewed
83
Time management
Set goals which are SMART
Action plans
Second level
Third levelresults and tasks
Prioritise
Fourth level
Important v urgent
Fifth level tasks
Sequence
84
Coaching, mentoring and counselling For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Coach experienced employee

Mentor level
Second long-term relationship
Third level guidance
Counsellor
Fourth level
Fifth
Aim islevel
to increase productivity and efficiency
85
Communication
Communication is required for planning,
coordination text styles
and control
Second level
Third level
Fourth levelEncode Transmit Receive
Form thought Decode
Fifth level
Feedback
86
Communication For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Communication within the organisation can be:

Verticallevel
Second
Third level
Horizontal
Fourth level
Diagonal
Fifth level
Formal/informal
87
Barriers to communication
Inappropriate language
Status level
Second
Third level
Emotion
Fourth
Wronglevel
medium
Fifth
Notlevel
wanting to transmit
Not wanting to receive
Information overload
88
Leavitt For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Patterns of communication
Y
Second level Wheel
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth
Circlelevel Chain
89
Recruitment and selection

Human resources are a scarce resource and are
Click to edit
critical Master textstrategy
to organisational styles
Second level
Organisations must
Third level
Define
Fourth levelrequirements
Fifth level
Attract applicants
Select
90
Job analysis, description and person specification For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Collecting, analysing, setting out content of

Click
jobsto edit Master text styles
Second level
Job description content of job
Third level
Personlevel
Fourth specification role-specific attributes
Fifth level7-point selection plan -BADPIGS:
Rogers
(background, achievements, disposition,
physical, interests, general intelligence,
special aptitudes)
91
Advertising vacancies
Advertise vacancies to try to attract applicants to
Click toperson
fit the edit Master text styles
specification
Second level
Describe job
Third level
Provide
Fourth level information
Fifth levelsuitable applicants
Interest
92
Selection methods For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
A systematic approach to selection should be

employed
Second level
Interviews
Third level
Selection
Fourth tests
level
Fifth level
References
Work sampling
Group selection methods
93
Interviews
Most frequently used technique but poor at
Click to edithow
predicting Master text styles
candidates will perform
Second level
They must be well structured and conducted by
Third level
suitably skilled interviewers
Fourth level
Fifth level
94
Selection testing For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Applicants undergo formal tests to identify

competence text styles
and attributes
Second level
Psychometric tests personality
Third level
Proficiency
Fourth level
Fifth level
Intelligence
Aptitude
95
Developing and training

Training competence: specific, needed for
Click to edit
current role Master text styles
Second level
Development growth: less specific, needed
Third level
at some time in the future
Fourth level
Education
Fifth level knowledge acquired gradually
through learning and instruction
96
The learning process For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
How do people learn?

Behaviourist
Second level psychology
Third level approach
Cognitive
Fourth level
Fifth level
97
Honey and Mumford

Theorists understand
Reflectors
Second observe and consider
level
Third level hands-on
Activists
Fourth level - practical
Pragmatists
Fifth level
98
Kolb experiential learning For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com

Second level Experience
Third level
Fourth level
Try theory Reflect
Fifth level
Theory
99
Performance appraisal

Second level
Third level
Improve Develop
organisational
Fourth level individuals
Fifthperformance
level
100
Appraisal systems For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Three review elements

Rewardlevel
Second
Third level
Performance
Fourth level
Potential
Fifth level
101
Appraisal interviews
Prepare
Interview
Second level
Third level
Tell and sell, tell and listen, problem-solving
Plan
Fourth level
Gain commitment, agree, summarise
Fifth level
Report
Agreed conclusions
Follow up
Take action, monitor progress
102
Sources of law For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
European Community law:

Regulations directly applicable to all member states
Second level
Directives national laws have to be altered
Third level
Legislation/statute
Fourth level domestic parliament
Fifth
Case level
law (common law/equity/precedent)
103
Data Protection Act implements Directive 95/46/EC
1. Shall be processed fairly and lawfully

2. Shall be obtained only for one or more specified
Second level
and lawful purposes
Third level
3. Shall be adequate, relevant and not excessive
Fourth
4. Shalllevel
be accurate and, where necessary, kept up to
Fifthdate.
level
5. Not be kept for longer than is necessary
104
Data Protection Act implements Directive 95/46/EC For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
6. Personal data shall be processed in accordance with

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theto edit
rights Master
of data text
subjects styles
under this Act.
Second levelmeasures shall be taken against
7. Appropriate
unauthorised or unlawful processing and against
Third level loss or destruction of, or damage to,
accidental
Fourth level
personal data.
Fifth level data shall not be transferred to a country or
8. Personal
territory outside the European Economic Area, unless
that country or territory ensures an adequate level of
protection
105
Risks to data
Human error.
Technical
Second malfunction or error.
level
Third level events.
Catastrophic
Fourth level
Malicious damage.
Fifth level espionage or sabotage.
Industrial
Dishonesty.
106
Health and safety employers duties For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
All work practices must be safe.

The work environment must be safe and healthy.
Second level
All plant and equipment maintained to the necessary
Third level
standard.
Fourth levelinstruction, training and supervision should
Information,
Fifth level safe working practices.
encourage
Clear communication of safety policy to all staff.
Employers must carry out risk assessments,
107
Health and safety employers duties(cont)

Share hazard and risk information with others
Must introduce controls to reduce risks.
Second level
Should revise/initiate safety policies in the light of the above,
Third level employees who are especially at risk.
Must identify
Fourth levelcompetent safety and health advisers.
Must employ
Fifth levelRepresentative Regulations provide that:
The Safety
a safety representative may be appointed by a
recognised trade union. Safety representatives are entitled
to paid time off work to carry out their duties.
safety committees to be set up at the request of
employee representatives.
108
Health and safety employees duties For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Take reasonable care of themselves and others

Allow the employer to carry out his or her duties
Second
(includinglevel
enforcing safety rules)
Third level
Not interfere intentionally or recklessly with any
Fourth level
machinery or equipment
Fifth level
Inform the employer of any situation which may be a
danger (this does not reduce the employer's
responsibilities in any way)
Use all equipment properly
109
Health and safety policy

Principles
Procedures
Second level
Third level with the law
Compliance
Fourth level
Detailed instructions
Fifth levelrequirements
Training
110
Employment protection For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Termination of employment
Second level
Third Retirement
level
Resignation
Fourth level(termination, non-renewal, constructive)
Dismissal
Fifth level
Is dismissal fair or unfair?
111
Fair/unfair dismissal
Fair dismissal
Click Redundancy
Second level
Legal impediment
Non-capability
Third Other
level
Misconduct
substantial reason
Fourth level
Unfair dismissal
Fifth level
Unfair selection for redundancy
Membership and involvement in a trade union
Pregnancy
Insisting on documented payslips and employment particulars
Carrying out certain activities in connection with health and safety at
work
Wrongful dismissal
Breaches contract of employment
112
Remedies for unfair dismissal For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Re-instatement: giving the employee the old job

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Second level giving the employee a job
Re-engagement:
Third level to the old one.
comparable
Fourth level which may include redundancy pay,
Compensation:
Fifth level
breach of contract and punitive award.
113
Equal opportunities - 1
Anti-discrimination laws relate to:
Race level
Second
Third
Sex level
Fourth level
Disability
Fifth level
Religion
Sexual orientation
Age
114
Equal opportunities - 2 For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Direct discrimination
Second level
Third level
Indirect discrimination
Fourth level
Fifth level
Victimisation
115
Diversity
What is diversity?
ensuring
Second that the composition of the
level
workforce reflects the population as a whole
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth levelorganisation will better understand
A diverse
and meet the needs of customers
116
Macro-economic policies For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Inflation
Employment
Second level
Third level growth
Economic
Fourth
Wealthlevel
distribution
Fifth levelexchange
Foreign
Public services
117
Government influence on business

Market demand
O
Click
G to edit Master text styles
Overall economic
policy
Cost of finance
R
Second
O level Taxation
G
Third
V level
Protection vs Free Trade
A
Grants, incentives, sponsorship
N
Fourth level
Industry policy
E Regulation (eg investor
R
protection, company law)
I
Fifth level Entry barriers, capacity
S
N Environment and Distribution
M
infrastructure policy A
Workplace regulation,
employment law T
E Social policy
Labour supply, skills, education
I
N Trade promotion, export credits
O
T Foreign policy EU and GATT obligations
N
Export promotion to allies and recipients
118
Inflation - causes For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Demand pull
Cost push
Second level
Third level
Import cost factors
Fourth level
Expectations
Fifth level in the money supply
Increase
119
Unemployment
Real wage
Frictional
Second level
Third level
Seasonal
Fourth level
Structural
Fifth level
Technological
Cyclical
120
Monetary and fiscal policy - 1 For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
Fiscal policy
Second level Expenditure
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth Income
level Borrowing
121
Monetary and fiscal policy - 2

Monetary policy management of the supply of
Click
money
Second level
Third level
Interest
Fourth rates
level
Reserve requirements/credit controls
Fifth level
122
Functions of taxation For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
To raise revenues for the government

To discourage certain activities regarded as
Second level
undesirable.
Third level
To cause certain products to be priced to take into
Fourth
accountlevel
their social costs.
Fifth level
To redistribute income and wealth.
To protect industries from foreign competition.
To provide a stabilising effect on national income.
123
Types of taxation
A regressive tax takes a higher proportion of a
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poorto edit Master
person's text of
salary than styles
a rich person's.
Second level
A proportional tax takes the same proportion of
Third level
income in tax from all levels of income.
Fourth level
A progressive
Fifth level tax takes a higher proportion of
income in tax as income rises.
124
More terminology! For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.com
A direct tax is paid direct by a person to the

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Revenue Master text styles
authority.
Second level
An indirect tax is collected by the Revenue
Third level
authority from an intermediary (a supplier).
Fourth level
A specific tax is charged as a fixed sum per unit sold.
Fifth level
An ad valorem tax is charged as a fixed percentage of the
price of the good.
125
Current account
Trade in goods (balance of trade)
Trade inlevel
Second services
Third level
Income from overseas investment
Fourth level
Transfers (eg EU)
Fifth level
Capital amount (eg loans)
Financial account (eg investment overseas)
127

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For latest course notes, free audio and video lectures and forum support please visit www.opentuition.

E Leading and managing individuals and teams

F Recruiting and developing effective employees

Examiner: Bob Souster

Two hour exam 50% pass mark

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Looks at where power lies.

Staff appraisals Mission statement

Recent developments in IT have had a

Transaction processing system

Levels types of information

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Second level Strategic Ad hoc

Environmental influences PEST(EL)

Porters 5 forces model

The basic idea, and essence of the paper

Schein - three levels of culture

Artifacts (visual, structure, processes)

The Hofstede model

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Balance of executive and non-executive

Combined code of corporate governance

Should the interests of stakeholders other than

National and cultural beliefs

Situational influences on ethical behaviour

Short-term shareholder interest

Influence of the accountancy profession

The IFAC Code of Ethics in 2005 is a good

ACCA Code of Ethics and Conduct.

Managers of the company.

Management accounts and financial accounts

Management accounts Financial accounts

The regulatory system

GAAP is a set of rules governing accounting. The

Detecting and preventing fraud

Directors controls and information

The purpose and process of management

Henri Fayol (1841-1925) French industrialist

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Taylor - scientific management

Hawthorne Studies Mayo (1880-1949)

Mintzberg managerial functions

Power ability to influence people or events

Ashbridge Management College model

Two basic criteria for leadership

Concern for task

Handys best fit theory

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Manager - Administers, maintains, focuses on systems &

Move between the balcony and the battlefield.

Dr Meredith Belbin: eight (or nine)

Teams and committees

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Hierarchy of needs - limitations

Focus on hygiene factors to avoid

Vroom Expectancy theory

The assumptions of managers affect how they

Intrinsic and extrinsic rewards

Action plan for individuals

Coach experienced employee

Communication within the organisation can be: