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CECL45E HYDRAULICS
EXPERIMENT NO. 1
FLOW OF FLUID THROUGH A RECTANGULAR WEIR
Submitted by:
DE VERA ROHAN JOSH V.
CE 4-1
Submitted to:
OCTOBER 5, 2017
Experiment No. 1
OBJECTIVES:
1. To be able to calculate the actual flow rate in practice due to fluid viscosity.
2. To calculate the coefficient of discharge.
APPARATUS:
Hydraulic bench, ruler, stop watch, pencil/pen, paper, Hook and point gage (if available)
THEORY:
Rectangular weirs are typically used to control the elevation of water up and downstream
of the weir and they usually have higher discharge values associated with them. The rectangular
weir is the most commonly used thin plate weir. Rectangular weirs often used in water supply,
wastewater and sewage systems. They consist of a sharp edged plate with a rectangular profile
for the water flow. A rectangular weir is used to meter flow in an open channel. The head over
the rectangular weir is measured and correlated with the water flow rate through the open
channel (and over the weir). A rectangular weir equation gives water flow rate as a function of
head over the rectangular weir. There are two main types of rectangular weirs. The first type is a
suppressed weir, where the crest stretches across the whole width of the channel. A
contracted weir means that the ditch leading up to the weir is wider than the weir opening itself.
A rectangular contracted weir has a rectangular opening where the sides are straight up and
down.
PROCEDURE:
b = 3 cm
Trial Flow Meter Vol Time Flow meter Level above the Cd
Q V T Q Notch, H
Li/m Li s Q Q H H
Li/min m3/s cm m
Rectangular
Weir 1 55 12 15 48 0.0008 4.25 0.0425 1.03
2 45 18 25 43.2 0.00072 4.10 0.0410 0.98
3 35 16 30 32 0.000533 3.60 0.0360 0.88
4 30 16 35 27.43 0.000457 3.34 0.0340 0.85
5 25 19 50 22.8 0.00038 2.48 0.0248 1.10
COMPUTATIONS
Trial 1
1 12 1 3 3
1 = = = 8 104
1 15 1000
1
1 = 4.25 = 4.25 102
100
2
From equation = 2 3/2
3
2
8 10 = [ 2(9.81) 0.03(4.25 102 )3/2 ]
4
3
1 = 1. 03
Trial 2
2 18 1 3 3
2 = = = 7.2 104
2 25 1000
1
2 = 4.1 = 4.1 102
100
2
From equation = 3 2 3/2
2
7.2 104 = [3 2(9.81) 0.03(4.1 102 )3/2 ]
2 = 0.98
Trial 3
3 16 1 3 3
3 = = = 5.33 104
3 30 1000
1
3 = 3.6 = 3.6 102
100
2
From equation = 2 3/2
3
2
5.33 104 = [3 2(9.81) 0.03(3.6 102 )3/2 ]
3 = 0.88
Trial 4
4 16 1 3 3
4 = = = 4.57 104
4 35 1000
1
4 = 3.34 = 3.34 102
100
2
From equation = 2 3/2
3
2
4.57 10 = [3 2(9.81) 0.03(3.34 102 )3/2 ]
4
4 = 0.85
Trial 5
5 19 1 3 3
5 = = = 3.8 104
5 50 1000
1
5 = 2.48 = 2.48 102
100
2
From equation = 2 3/2
3
4 2
3.8 10 = [3 2(9.81) 0.03(2.48 102 )3/2 ]
Q(li/min)
60
50
H(cm) Q(li/min)
40
4.25 48
4.1 43.2
30 3.6 32
3.34 27.43
20
2.48 22.8
10
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
= 3.33 3/2
When = 3 ; = 0.30
3 = 3.33[ 0.2(0.30)](0.30)3/2
= 0.2(0.30) = 5.48
= 5.54
When = 60 ; = 4
3/2
60 = 3.33 [ 0.2 ( )] ( )
4 4
= 7.45
2. A flow of 30cfs passes over a rectangular flume in ft. deep and 6.0 ft wide. Find the
height at which the crest of a sharp-edged suppressed weir should be placed in order that
the water will not overflow the side of the flume. Take C=3.33
= 3.33 3/2
30 = 33(6) 3/2
= 1.31
1 305 2
=( )
2 1220
161 = 2
12 (161 )2 221 103 60 103
[ ]+[ ]=0
2 9810
25512
+ 16.41 = 0
2
1 = 1.12/
1.313
= (1220103 )2 (1.12) =
4
= 3/2
1.31 = 1.84(0.305)3/2
= 4.23
CONCLUSION
For applications where the flow of water is relatively constant and the channel the channel width
is restricted, a rectangular weir (with or without end contractions) may be a better fit. To sum it
up rectangular weirs are highly useful hydraulic tools that allow engineers to control water
height, velocity, and most importantly they can be used to calculate discharge
REFERENCE
https://www.lmnoeng.com/Weirs/RectangularWeir.php
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/weirs-flow-rate-d_592.html
http://www.brighthubengineering.com/hydraulics-civil-engineering/65880-open-channel-flow-
measurement-5-the-rectangular-weir/
http://irrigation.wsu.edu/Content/Calculators/Water-Measurements/Rectangular-Contracted-
Weir.php
https://www.openchannelflow.com/blog/rectangular-weirs-for-water-rights-measurement