TREMATODES or Flukes

Scientific name Fasciolopsis buski Paragonimus westermani Clonorchis sinensis Schistosoma mansoni Schistosoma japonicum Schistosoma haematobium
Common name giant intestinal fluke oriental lung fluke oriental/Chinese liver fluke Mansons blood fluke oriental blood fluke bladder fluke
Definitive host pig or human human human human human human
snail: snail:
snail:
Antemelania asperata; Bulimus snail: snail: Oncomelania hupensis snail:
1st Intermediate host Segmentina,
Antemalania dactylus or Parafossarulus Biomphalaria quadrasi Bulinus
Hippeutis
melania snails
crab:
water plants: Nymphaea lotus
Sundathelphusa philippina or fish: none; become free-swimming none; become free-swimming none; become free-swimming
2nd Intermediate host or lotus; Ipomea obscura or
mountain crab, stream crab or Cyprinus or freshwater fish cercaria cercaria cercaria
water morning glory/kangkong
crayfish
Reservoir host herbivores pigs carnivorous animals dog, cat baboons, rodents dog, cat, rodents, pig baboons, monkeys
Diagnostic stage unembryonated egg unembryonated egg embryonated egg eggs with miracidium eggs with miracidium eggs with miracidium
Infective stage metacercaria metacercaria metacercaria cercaria cercaria cercaria
median; water-vase shaped;
smallest; sesame seed shaped;
biggest; ovoid; yellowish-brown; golden yellowish-brown; pear shaped; pale yellow; smallest; ovoid; pale yellow; round or spindle shaped; pale
yellowish-brown; operculated;
operculated; with undeveloped operculated; with undeveloped unoperculated; with developed unoperculated; with developed yellow; unoperculated; with
Ova or Egg with developed miracidium; has
miracidium and germ cell miracidium; has 1 germ cell and miracidium; has large, lateral miracidium; has small or minute developed miracidium; has
distinct shoulders & knob; has
inclusions several yolk cells; has thickened spine lateral spine large, terminal spine
seated operculum
abopercular end
free swimming; has eyespot free swimming; elongated; has free swimming; elongated; has free swimming; elongated; has
spherical acetabulum; has 2 ellipsoidal acetabulum; has
Cercaria (anterior) and finfold oral and ventral suckers; fork oral and ventral suckers; fork acetabula and head glands; fork
branches of caeca; has long tail spines; has small tail
(posterior); has long, slender tail shaped tail shaped tail shaped tail
none; schistosomule; tegument none; schistosomule; tegument none; schistosomule; tegument
Metacercaria round round round
has 5-7 layer membrane has 5-7 layer membrane has 5-7 layer membrane
Sucker ventral > oral oral = ventral oral = ventral ventral > oral ventral > oral ventral > oral
dioecious; yellowish brown
dioecious; yellowish brown dioecious; yellowish brown
M: thick and shorter; has
leaf like; dorsoventrally flat; no coffee bean shaped; anterior is M: thick and shorter; has M: thick and shorter; has
gynecophoral canal; does not
cephalic cone or shoulders; 2 rounded; posterior is slightly gynecophoral canal; has gynecophoral canal; has
sunflower seed like; 2 dendritic have intergumentary
Adult dendritic testes arranged in tapered; has spinous tegument; intergumentary tuberculations intergumentary tuberculations
testes arranged in tandem tuberculations
tandem; ovaries are branched in 2 testes deeply lobed; ovary has F: smooth tegument; has single F: has single pyramidal ovary
F: has single pyramidal ovary
right midline 6 long unbranched lobes pyramidal ovary (anterior) with (posterior) with a tubule uterus
(middle) with a tubule uterus in
a tubule uterus in the midline in the midline
the midline
Mode of Transmission ingestion ingestion ingestion skin penetration skin penetration skin penetration
Habitat small intestine lungs & ectopic site hepatic bile duct inferior mesenteric vein superior mesenteric vein urinary bladder veins
Paragonimiasis; Hemoptysis; Schistosomiasis; cercarial Schistosomiasis; bladder
Pathogenecity Fasciolopsiasis Clonorchiasis; Liver fibrosis Schistosomiasis; Katayama fever
Hepatomegaly dermatitis calcification
Kato Katz technique; ELISA;
Fecal sedimentation fixation
Clinical Test Fecal sedimentation Fecal sedimentation Duodenal aspiration; ELISA Rectal biopsy; ELISA Methiolate Iodine Formalin
test
Concentration Technique
Treatment Niclosamide, Praziquantel Praziquantel Praziquntel Praziquantel Praziquantel Praziquantel

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 TREMATODES or Flukes
Scientific name Fasciola hepatica Fasciola gigantica Heterophyes heterophyes Metagonimus yokogawai Echinostoma ilocanum Opisthorchis felineus
minute intestinal fluke or Von spiny-mouthed fluke or cat liver fluke or Siberian liver
Common name sheep liver fluke giant liver fluke Yokogawas fluke
Siebods fluke Garrisons fluke fluke
Definitive host human or sheep human or sheep
snail: snail:
snail: snail: snail: snail:
1st Intermediate host Cerithidia Gyraulus
Lymnaea philippinensis Lymnaea philippinensis Semisulcospira Bithynia
Pironella Hippeutis
water plants: water plants:
snail:
Ipomea obscura or water Ipomea obscura or water
fresh water or brackish water fresh water or brackish water Pila luzonica or kuhol
2nd Intermediate host morning glory/kangkong morning glory/kangkong freshwater fish
fish fish Vivipara angularis o susong
Nasturtium officinale or water Nasturtium officinale or water
pampang
cress cress
Reservoir host herbivores or omnivores herbivores or omnivores piscivores and birds fish eating mammals and birds rats, dogs dog, cat
Diagnostic stage unembryonated egg unembryonated egg embryonated egg embryonated egg unembryonated egg embryonated egg
Infective stage metacercaria metacercaria metacercaria metacercaria metacercaria metacercaria
vase-like; yellowish-brown;
smallest; sesame seed shaped;
ovoid; operculated; with operculated; has bilaterally ellipsoidal; straw-colored;
biggest; ovoid; yellowish-brown; biggest; ovoid; yellowish-brown; yellowish-brown; operculated;
developed miracidium; has symmetrical developed operculated; with undeveloped
Ova or Egg operculated; with undeveloped operculated; with undeveloped with developed miracidium; less
subtle opercular shoulders; lack miracidium; has subtle miracidium and germ cell
miracidium miracidium prominent shoulders & knob;
seated operculum opercular shoulders; lack seated inclusions
has seated operculum
operculum
free swimming; has eyespot
free swimming; has spines; long, free swimming; has spines; long,
Cercaria (anterior) and finfold
fork shaped tail fork shaped tail
(posterior); has long, slender tail
Metacercaria round
Sucker ventral > oral ventral > oral has genital pore or gonotyle
longer cephalic zones; has shorter cephalic zones; has
has a circumoral disk with a
cephalic cones or shoulders; cephalic cones or shoulders; has a broadly rounded posterior gourd-like; has a deflected lancet-shaped; 2 dendritic
Adult crown of spines; 2 testes deeply
highly branched or dendritic highly branched or dendritic end; has scale-like spines ventral sucker; testes arranged in tandem
lobed; tapered posterior end
intestines intestines
Mode of Transmission ingetsion ingetsion ingestion ingestion ingestion ingestion
Habitat hepatic bile duct hepatic bile duct small intestine small intestine small intestine hepatic bile duct
Opisthrochiasis;
Fascioliasis; Liver cirrhosis; Fascioliasis; Liver cirrhosis; Heteroohyiasis; Peptic ulcer
Pathogenecity Metagonimiasis; Echinostomiasis cholangiocarcinoma; liver
Hyperplasia Hyperplasia disease; acid peptic disease
cirrhosis
Liver biopsy; Fecal Liver biopsy; Fecal Kato Katz technique; Formalin Formalin ether concentration
Clinical Test Fecal sedimentation Fecal sedimentation
sedimentation; ELISA sedimentation; ELISA ether concentration technique technique
Treatment Bithionol, Praziquantel Bithionol, Praziquantel Praziquantel Praziquantel Praziquantel, Niclosamide Praziquantel

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