Terramodel Training Guide: Coordinate Geometry

Terramodel Training
Guide
Coordinate Geometry
Version 8
Revision A
March 2002
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4 Table of Contents
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................4
INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................5
OPENING THE PROJECT FILE ..........................................................................................7
CHECKING THE SYSTEM CONFIGURATION SETTINGS ................................................................8
REVIEWING THE LAND PLAN ........................................................................................10
PLACING ROADWAY CENTERLINES .................................................................................11
Placing the Most Southerly East/West Roadway.............................................. 11

Placing the Most Northerly East/West Roadway .............................................. 13
Adding Arcs in the Most Northerly East/West Roadway ................................... 19
Tying the Two Roadways Together ................................................................ 21
Placing the Main Entrance Roadway ............................................................... 22
Placing the Short Cul-De-Sac Roadways.......................................................... 23
Placing the Loop Portion of the Southerly Roadway ........................................ 24
DRAWING THE RIGHT-OF-WAY LINES AND PAVEMENTS ..........................................................30
Altering the Layout Settings............................................................................ 32

Creating the Main Entrance Intersection Geometry........................................... 34
Recreating the Right-of-Way Lines and Pavements .......................................... 36
Cleaning Up at Intersections With External Roadways ...................................... 37
LAYING OUT THE LOT LINES .......................................................................................42
Preparing to Create Lots in Block 5................................................................. 42

Establishing the Lot Sizing Criteria .................................................................. 43
Creating the Initial Lot Geometry in Block 5..................................................... 45
Creating the First Row of Lots in Block 1 ........................................................ 50
Creating the Second Row of Lots in Block 1 ................................................... 55
Creating the Lots in Block 2 ........................................................................... 62
READER COMMENT FORM ...........................................................................................69
Coordinate Geometry Trimble, Inc.

Introduction 5
Introduction
This tutorial focuses on the procedures used in performing Coordinate Geometry

(COGO) computations. The exercise well cover is one of the more common COGO
oriented tasks, that of designing the layout of a subdivision.
All files for the Terramodel Training Guide are located in the TRAINING folder on the
TERRAMODEL CD. Although you can open project files directly from the folder on
the CD-ROM disk, you will find it easier to work with these files if you first copy
them to your hard disk.
To copy the project files:

1. From the Windows Explorer, open the TRIMBLE folder on your hard disk.
2. Create a new folder named TRAINING.
Copy the SUBDCOGO.PRO, CL_MINOR.LAY, and CL_COLLE.LAY files from the

TRAINING folder on the CD-ROM disk to the \\TRIMBLE\TRAINING folder on your
hard disk.
This exercise was written for Terramodel version 10.1; later versions may have
minor differences.
For many years COGO software has been one of the most common and
fundamental computational tools for the civil engineering and surveying
professions. In years past, we performed COGO computations in a non-visual
command oriented environment. In recent years the emergence of affordable
interactive graphical CAD software has resulted in dramatic changes in the way
most of us work, yet conventions, terminology, and procedures are often slow to
change. Though the computational processes used by the COGO software of the
past are in many ways the same as those used by a CAD system to construct line
and arc geometry, there often remains today the perception of an accuracy
distinction between the computing of points using COGO and the drawing of lines
and arcs using CAD software. Some of us just arent comfortable unless what we
use is called COGO. One reason for this perception is that some of the most
popular CAD software products of today are in fact incapable of storing geometric
data with adequate precision for the work we do as engineers and surveyors. This
is because of the way in which they store coordinate data. As a result, they must
rely on collaboration with an external COGO process for data storage and
computations, using the CAD graphics editor for illustration purposes only. In fact,
most CAD systems fall short of providing whats needed to handle the specific
needs of civil engineers and surveyors.
Terramodel is a CAD system that was designed from the ground up to meet the
specific needs of the civil engineering, surveying, mapping and photogrammetric
industries. It supports a point-based system consistent with that of the classic
COGO software. It stores its coordinate data as double precision floating point
numbers, as COGO software always has. It supports as primitive entities, the
design elements that engineers and surveyors use, such as spiral horizontal
curves, and parabolic vertical curves. As a result, the geometry of the graphical
elements, as seen on the screen and stored within the database, is the true
Terramodel Training Guide Coordinate Geometry

6 Introduction
geometry of that feature. There is no need for the software to store a redundant set
of point coordinates in an external file, nor to attempt to keep that data properly
linked with the graphics you see. There is no need for it to approximate the shape
of a spiral or vertical curve with chords, requiring that the actual geometric data
associated with that approximated graphical entity be stored elsewhere in an
external file and somehow linked to it. In Terramodel what you see is what you
get.
For this reason, any command in Terramodel that generates a point, line, arc,
spiral, parabola, etc. is essentially a COGO command, even if it is not explicitly
designated as such. In this sense Terramodel is COGO. More particularly, every
geometric computation performed by Terramodel is the equivalent of having
performed that computation by one of the COGO commands you may be familiar
and comfortable with. The only difference is that an interactive graphical design
process is more productive, and Terramodel offers a more consistent and often
simpler means of computing your projects geometry.
Terramodel contains a COGO menu on its menu bar as a means of organizing

some of the specialized computational tasks commonly associated with coordinate
geometry. This is not meant to imply that any other command that creates point,
line, or curve geometry is any less appropriate or accurate for those tasks. Your
first impression may be that there arent many COGO commands, but remember;
every geometric construction command is, in effect, a COGO command. The total
number of commands is nevertheless perhaps less than what you might expect.
One reason for this is Terramodels Object Snap Modes. They can in fact make one
command perform what might otherwise take a dozen or more commands. More
importantly perhaps, the object snap modes are always available from any
command that would have you designate the location of a point or a line segment
vertex, a bearing, a distance, a vertical angle, or a horizontal angle. They therefore
have the effect of making all of Terramodels geometric construction commands
work in much the same way. This makes learning to perform coordinate
geometry computations with Terramodel much easier than you might expect.
Having control over both the civil engineering and surveying applications software
and the underlying graphics engine and data structure, Trimble is not constrained
by the inherent limitations of any of the popular CAD systems, the design of which
is beyond our control. We design the CAD engine solely to support our
engineering, surveying and mapping applications, not vice-versa. This produces
enormous benefits for our development staff, since the constraints under which
they work are far fewer than that which would be the case in writing an application
within a popular CAD system. It generates enormous benefits for the user, both in
terms of the resulting power of the design and drafting automation features, and in
the fact that managing Terramodel data is much simpler without having to keep
track of the myriad of other external data files that must typically be associated with
a CAD drawing in other systems. Not to mention the fact that with Terramodel,
every drawing associated with an entire project is stored in one file.
So lets go ahead and layout this subdivision, and see what all this does for your
productivity.

Opening the Project File 7
Opening the Project File
Well begin by opening a project file prepared especially for this exercise.
open 1. From the FILE menu, select Open.
2. Select the drive and the directory in which the Training Guide example project
files are located. This is typically the directory where youve installed
Terramodel.
3. In the File Name text box of the Open a project dialog box, enter subdcogo,
or select subdcogo.pro from the list, then click Open.
The subdcogo.pro project file contains the projects property boundary, the limits of
a couple of wetland areas, existing adjacent roadways, and a preliminary land plan,
as shown in Figure 1, below.
Figure 1 SUBDCOGO Project File
In order that you might leave the original data set unchanged, allowing this
exercise to be repeated, you should save your own version of the project file now.
This will allow you to save the file as you progress through this exercise.
saveas 4. From the FILE menu, select Save project as..., and select a file name,
directory and drive of your choosing, and save the file.

8 Checking the System Configuration Settings
Checking the System Configuration Settings
Before starting, well need to make sure that certain of Terramodels configuration
settings are set the way we want.
Well be using a feature in which a set line can be drawn without first having to
create the points to which it connects. In doing so, the points will be created as we
draw the set. Otherwise a set is drawn by snapping to the existing points to which
it is to connect. See the Terramodel Users Guide, Understanding Terramodel
Objects, Understanding Sets for details. In drawing a set, if instead of snapping to
a point object, you perform a free point snap, i.e. pick a location where no point
exists, Terramodel will create a point at that location. You can configure
Terramodel to display a warning message before creating a point in this manner.
This might be helpful if you meant to connect the set to an existing point, but were
careless and did not get that point inside the cursors target box. However, since
well intentionally be creating many points in this manner, being presented with the
warning each time would be an annoyance, so well make sure that behavior is
turned off.
system 1. From the FILE menu, select System configuration, and from the System
configuration menu select the System option. This opens the System
configuration dialog box.
2. In the Client group, remove the check from the box labeled Prompt if create pt
in Set cmd.
3. Click OK to close the dialog box.
Now well double check the current point settings. We want points to be numbered
automatically as they are created, using the first available point number, starting at
point 1. Since well be using a lot of points and sets, we want to employ a
precautionary measure which will prevent Terramodel from deleting a point in
response to our command, if that point is used by a set. We do not wish to be
prompted for a name as each point is created. If we need to name a point, well do
that with a separate command.
pointset 5. From the SETTINGS menu, select the Point settings option. This opens the
point settings dialog box.
6. Click the Automatic radio button in the Numbering group, so points are
numbered automatically, rather than having Terramodel prompt us to enter
them.
7. Then in the Start pn: point number control, enter a 1.
8. Make sure that the check box labeled Protect pn in use from deletion is
checked, so we cant delete points to which set lines are connected.
9. Make sure that the check box labeled Prompt for name is not checked, so we
are not asked to provide names as points are created.
Next well check our running snap settings.

Checking the System Configuration Settings 9
objsnap 11. From the SETTINGS menu, select the Running snaps option. This opens the
Running snap modes dialog box.
12. In the left group, only the Point, End and Free check boxes should be checked.
13. In the right group they should be listed in the following order from top to
bottom:
Point
End
Free
If theyre not in that order, drag and drop them as needed to place them in
that order.
And now well check our Search settings.
search 15. From the SETTINGS menu, select the Search option. This opens the Search
settings dialog box. Notice that the SETTINGS menu offers a key combination
(Ctrl S) that can be used to access this dialog box. Since the search
settings may be used frequently, this provides a convenient and efficient
means of doing so.
16. The following check boxes should be checked.
Points
Plines
Sets
17. Click OK to close the Search settings dialog box. Now weve got Terramodel
configured the way we need it.

10 Reviewing the Land Plan
Reviewing the Land Plan
Our subdivision example involves a simple approximately rectangular shaped

piece of property which is part of a planned community. The south boundary is
adjacent to a public collector roadway. Our main entrance will be off of that
roadway and must line up with the existing tee roadway intersection near the
middle of our site. The east boundary is adjacent to an existing subdivision that
was planned with a roadway stubout to our site. That roadway roughly parallels the
shoreline of a lake which is a major feature along the north border of our site. The
north boundary is also shared in common with the same adjacent subdivision, and
another existing roadway is stubbed out to that boundary. We are required to
continue these roadways into our site, in order to provide the desired traffic
circulation. A wetland area is located in the Northwest corner. The limits of the
wetland and of the lake are shown, as are the top of bank of two planned storm
water detention areas.
For illustrative purposes, a preliminary land plan has been included in the example
file. It is drawn using a dark gray color, on layer LAND PLAN. That layer will be
turned off later on as we work, but having it available for on screen display is
useful in this training exercise. You may wish to plot the land plan now so youll
have a scale drawing to work from as you would if working from a planners
sketch.
The minimum lot width and depth required by the applicable zoning code is 70 x
100, though in this case the developer prefers that we use a minimum width of
75 and a minimum depth of 110 where possible. He also desires that the lots
located adjacent to the collector roadway on the south boundary be 135 in depth
due to their proximity to the highway, and that the lots along the lake be 120 in
depth. Rear lot lines and improvements must maintain a 20 buffer from the
wetland and lake limits as shown. The road right of way width is 50, cul-de-sac
bulbs must have a radius of 50 and right of way returns at intersections must have
a 25 radius, with the exception of the main entrance which uses a 25 chamfered
return.
There are two different 2 lane roadway classifications involved Minor roads and
collector roads. The minor roads use a 10 lane width, and the collector roads use
a 12 lane width. Both employ a 2 wide curb, and a 4 wide sidewalk placed 0.5
inside the right-of-way line.
Well start off by placing the roadway centerlines. Well then use Terramodels
Layout command to automatically create the edge of pavement, back of curb,
sidewalk and right of way lines. Then well use the Predetermined Area command
to compute the majority of the lot lines.

Placing Roadway Centerlines 11
Placing Roadway Centerlines
The first step is to create the roadway centerlines. There are two layers for
roadway centerlines. CL MINOR is the layer on which the minor roadways are to
be placed. CL COLLECTOR is that on which well place the collector roads. Youll
see in the next section, why we need these to be on different layers. The first
centerline we create will be placed on layer CL MINOR, so well need to make this
the current layer. The current layer is displayed on and selected from the Current
layer select control on the left end of the toolbar.
1. Double click the current layer select control to display the Layer selection
dialog box.
2. Highlight the CL MINOR layer, and click OK.
The CL MINOR layer is displayed in the current layer select control, designating that
as the current layer. The objects that you create will therefore be placed on that
layer.
all 3. Now maximize the plan view window by clicking its maximize button, and
execute the All command.
The basic Terramodel concepts such as opening, closing and sizing windows, and
panning and zooming the contents of a window were covered in Terramodel
Basic Concepts, Working in Multiple View Windows in this guide. Throughout the
remainder of this exercise, it will be assumed that you are familiar with these
concepts and step by step instructions will not be given for these types of
operations.
Placing the Most Southerly East/West Roadway

In placing the roadway centerlines well use points and sets instead of polylines,
want to be able to label the centerline geometry for our plat using
the Label Segments command. Well first place the centerline of the most southerly
east/west roadway, i.e., that which parallels the south boundary. The lots along
the south boundary are to be 135 deep, so the centerline will be 160 from the
south boundary. The lots along the east and west boundaries are to be 110 deep,
so the roadway centerline will be offset 135 from those boundaries. On the left
side were going to start the alignment at the easterly PT of the 75 radius curve.
On the right side, well vary our methods for illustrative purposes and compute the
Set command to create both the points and the connecting set.

12 Placing Roadway Centerlines
set 1. From the DRAW menu, select Set, and from the Set menu select the Set
option. You can also just type the command name at the command line.
2. With the focus in the Loc: point control, place the cursor in the plan view
window, and press the right mouse button to display the Point snap mode
menu.
Figure 2 Point Snap Mode Menu
3. Click the OffInt option to open the Get Point - Offset Intersection command bar.
This will allow us to designate a location at the intersection of two lines offset
from designated line segments.
Figure 3 Get Point - Offset Intersection Command Bar
4. With the focus in the Seg 1: locate control, click on the west end of the
southerly property boundary line. This establishes the direction of that line
segment as being westerly. The direction is important in indicating the offset
direction as noted below. Note that this property boundary is very close to the
back of sidewalk line. In selecting it, make sure that you offset the cursor so
that the target box is toward the north of the line. This places the cursor closer
to the property line than the sidewalk line, assuring that the property line is
selected.

5. In the Offs 1: offset control, enter an offset of 160. A positive number

indicates an offset to the right, based on the segment direction as established
in the previous step.
6. Click in the Seg 2: locate control to place the focus there. Then click on the
north end of the westerly property boundary line. This establishes the
direction of that line segment as being northerly.
7. In the Offs 2: offset control, enter an offset of 210. This locates the PT of the
75 radius 90curve (210=110+25+75).
8. Click OK to create the point.
The first point is created at the intersection of the two offset lines, and the cursor is
rubber banded from that point. The focus is back in the Loc: point control, and you
are ready to create the next point.
9. Place the cursor in the plan view window and press the right mouse button to
once again display the Point snap mode menu.
10. Click the OffInt option to open the Get Point - Offset Intersection command bar
once again.
11. With the focus in the Seg 1: locate control, click on the east end of the
southerly property boundary line, establishing the direction of that segment as
easterly.
12. In the Offs 1: offset control, enter an offset of -160. A negative number
indicates an offset to the left. The negative offset is necessary since we
established the direction of the line as being easterly. We could, therefore
have clicked on the west end of the line in the above step, in order to
eliminate the need to enter a negative offset.
13. Press the TAB key to advance the focus to the Seg 2: locate control. Then click
on the south end of the easterly property boundary line. This establishes the
direction of that line segment as being southerly.
14. In the Offs 2: offset control, enter an offset distance of 135.
15. Click OK to create the point, then click the Close button to end the Set
command.
Well, weve now done the easiest part. Lets go ahead and place the alignment for
the most northerly east/west roadway, the curvilinear alignment that connects the
two existing roadway stubouts from the adjacent property.
Placing the Most Northerly East/West Roadway

When following a preliminary land plan as we are here, you might typically scale a
few measurements from the land plan. Thats the approach well take. Well
construct this alignment using temporary polyline construction lines. A layer has
been created for these construction lines, so well now make that the current layer.
layer 1. Double click the current layer select control on the toolbar to display the Layer
selection dialog box.

2. Highlight the CONSTR LINE layer, and click OK.
At this time well turn off the display of the land plan layer, since it would not
normally be accessible on screen. However, if you can get a scanned raster image
of such a land plan, you might consider using Terramodels image manager
module to display it as a raster background. In doing so, it could provide the
guidance you need, eliminating the need to scale directly from the planners
drawing.
layerset
3. Click the Lset command button on the toolbar to open the Layer settings
dialog box.
4. Select the LAND PLAN layer in the list box by scrolling the list and clicking on
it, or simply entering an L to jump to the first layer name starting with an L,
then uncheck the Visible check box.
5. Click OK to turn off the visibility of the land plan layer.
In this instance well take some measurements directly from the land plan drawing
in order to place some of the construction lines. Well extend two of the alignment
segments to intersect the boundary and scale the land plan to determine where
they intersect the boundary. The construction lines we need to create are shown
below.
Figure 4 Construction Line Measurements
Well draw the shorter of the two construction lines first. Weve scaled the land plan
to find that it intersects the east boundary 169 from the northeast property corner.
It intersects the south boundary 583 from the southeast property corner.
pline 6. From the DRAW menu, select Pline, and from the Pline menu select the Line
option.
7. With the focus in the Loc: point control, and with the cursor in the plan view
window, press the right mouse button to display the Point snap mode menu.
8. Click the BrgDist option to open the Get Point - Bearing Distance command
bar. This will allow us to specify a point as being a certain bearing and
distance from another point.

Figure 5 Get Point - Bearing Distance Command Bar
9. With the focus in the Loc: point control, click on the northeast property
boundary corner.
10. With the focus in the Brg: bearing control, click on the south end of the
easterly property boundary line. This establishes the bearing of that line
segment. By clicking on the south end youve established the bearing as
being S 012746 W. By clicking on the north end of that segment you would
have incorrectly established the bearing as N 012746 E.
11. In the Dist: distance control, enter a distance of 169, and click OK.
12. With the focus back in the Loc: point control, place the cursor in the plan view
window and press the right mouse button to display the Point snap mode
menu.
13. Click the BrgDist option again.
14. The default coordinates shown in the Loc: point control are those of the point
just created, to which the rubber band is attached. We need our reference to
come from the southeast boundary corner, however, so double-click in the
Loc: point control to place the focus there, then click on the southeast
property boundary corner.
15. In the Brg: bearing control, click on the west end of the southerly property
boundary line. This establishes the bearing of that line segment as being
N 895904 W.
16. In the Dist: distance control, enter a distance of 583, and click OK.
Now well create the other construction line in the same way. It will intersect the
south boundary 118 from the east end. It will intersect the north boundary 1048
from the west end.
17. While still executing the Pline command, click the New command button to
start a new pline.
Using the exact same procedure as described above, construct the other
construction line.
18. When completed, click the Close command button to end the Pline command.
The two construction lines should now look like those shown in Figure 4, though
the land plan should not be visible on your screen. Now were ready to start
creating the centerline of our curvilinear northernmost east/west roadway. Well
start at the east end, so zoom in on the east one third of the site. Make sure you
can see the south property boundary. This is a collector roadway, so we need to
change the current layer setting to the CL COLLECTOR layer.
dialog box.
20. Highlight the CL COLLECTOR layer, and click OK.

Weve now set the current layer a few times and you should easily remember that
procedure, so from now on we wont repeat the above explicit instructions when
we need to change the current layer.
set 21. From the DRAW menu, select Set, and from the Set menu select the Set
option.
22. With the focus in the Loc: point control, place the cursor in the plan view
window, press the right mouse button to display the Point snap mode menu.
23. Click the Intersect option to open the Get Point - Line Intersection command
bar. This will allow us to designate a location at the intersection of two line
segments, or their projections.
Figure 6 Get Point - Line Intersection Command Bar
24. With the focus in the Line segment 1: locate control, click on the centerline of
the existing roadway which lies within the adjacent subdivision (see Figure 4)
25. With the focus in the Line segment 2: locate control, click on the east property
boundary.
A point is created at the intersection of these two line segments. Though it appears
that the existing roadway intersected the property boundary, and you might be
tempted to just snap to the end of that alignment, you just cant be sure of those
things, especially since you didnt create that geometry yourself. Its hardly any
more trouble to snap to the true intersection than it is to assume that the end of the
existing alignment was at that intersection. Its just good practice to be safe, rather
than sorry.
Were going to be creating a number of points using this same instance of the Set
command. If you make a mistake along the way, note that there is an Undo
command button on the Set command bar that will allow you to undo the creation
of the last point. You can undo as many individual points as you need in this
manner, and then continue. If you exit the Set command and execute the Undo
command, it will remove the entire set and all of the points you created in that
instance of the command.
Weve noted the explicit procedure for selecting point snap modes several times
now. From now on, well just indicate that a particular point snap mode is to be
selected.
26. With the focus in the Loc: point control once again, select the Intersect point
snap mode.
27. With the focus in the Line segment 1: locate control, click on the centerline of
the existing roadway, which lies within the adjacent subdivision.
28. With the focus in the Line segment 2: locate control, click on the first
construction line we created, i.e. the shorter of the two. A point is located at
the PI of the first curve.

Looking at the land plan, youll see that the next PI is at the intersection of the
construction line we just used, and a tangent segment that parallels the south
boundary. That segment is to be offset 430 from the south boundary, based on
one row of lots at a 135 depth, two rows at a 110 depth, one full right-of-way
width of 50 and one half right-of-way width. We could have offset a construction
line from the south boundary and intersected it with our other construction lines,
but this is not necessary.
29. With the focus in the Loc: point control once again, select the OffInt point snap
mode. This is the offset intersection snap mode you may recall that we used
before.
30. With the focus in the Seg 1: locate control, click on the same short
construction line you just used. In this case the direction that is established by
where you click is not important, because were going to use an offset of
zero.
31. In the Offs 1: offset control, enter an offset of 0.
32. Click in the Seg 2: locate control to place the focus there. Then click on the
east end of the southerly property boundary line. This establishes the direction
of that line segment as being easterly.
Since you are windowed in on the east 1/3 of the site, you cant click on the west
end of the south boundary to establish its direction as being westerly, so well have
to enter the following offset as a negative number.
33. In the Offs 2: offset control, enter an offset of -430.
34. Click OK to create the point. Do not close the command.
Now, using the OffInt point snap mode once again, just as instructed above,
intersect the same imaginary line offset 430 from the south boundary, with the
other of the two construction lines we created earlier.
At this point it is suggested that you issue an All command to see the entire site.
We now need to determine the placement of the next roadway segment which is
to intersect the longer of the two construction lines. Refer to Figure 4. We want this
segment of the alignment to be parallel to the south boundary, and as far north as
possible, while maintaining a 120 lot depth, and a 20 buffer to the lake line. Within
the limits of this planned tangent roadway segment, we need to find the critical
point on the lake line that is the furthest south. It will be the control that establishes
the location of the roadway.
idstation 35. From the REPORTS menu, select Identify station.
36. In the Alignment: locate control, click on the south property boundary.
37. With the focus now in the Point: point control and the cursor in the plan view
window, click the right mouse button to display the point snap modes menu.
38. Select the End point snap mode and click on a segment of the pline
representing the lake limits. Repeat this procedure, searching for the point that
appears the furthest south, based on its offset from the boundary as indicated
in the message area.

Notice that the offset values are far to small to represent the offset from the south
boundary. The reason for this is that we selected a closed boundary as our
alignment. Each point within its perimeter can be found at a valid station and offset
from all four boundary segments. The IdStation command reports the one solution
resulting in the smallest offset value. In this case that is from the north boundary
line. Since in this instance the north boundary is actually parallel to the south
boundary, we can reference our alignment from it. Otherwise, we could place a
temporary pline along the south boundary, and use it as our alignment in executing
the IdStation command.
Youll find the critical point to be offset 150.57 from the north boundary. Well
therefore offset the roadway centerline 315.60 feet from the north boundary,
based on this number, the desired 120 lot depth, the 20 buffer, and one half of
-of-way width.
39. Click the Close command button to end the IdStation command.
Now were back in the set command. Once again using the OffInt point snap
mode, intersect another imaginary line, this time offset 315.6 from the north
boundary, with the same construction line with which you intersected the last
point.
40. Now, with the focus in the Loc: point control, select the BrgBrg point snap
mode to open the Get Point - Bearing Bearing Intersection command bar. This
allows you to set a point at the intersection of two lines, each defined by a
point and a bearing.
Figure 7 Get Point - Bearing Bearing Intersection Command Bar
41. In the first Loc: point control, select the alignment PI point you just created.
You can issue a Redraw command, if needed, to get the point itself to display.
42. In the first Brg: bearing control, select the west end of the south boundary.
43. In the second Loc: point control, select the end of the centerline of the existing
roadway which is stubbed out to the north boundary (see Figure 8). You can
window in on that area a little closer if you need to.
44. In the second Brg: bearing control, select the centerline of that existing
roadway. A point is created at the intersection of the two bearings
45. Now snap the last point on this alignment to the endpoint of the existing
roadway, and click the Close command button to end the set creation.
The alignment should now look like this.

Figure 8 Roadway Tangent Alignments and Construction lines
Adding Arcs in the Most Northerly East/West Roadway

Weve now established the tangents for our roadway alignment. Next well inscribe
the arcs. Well work back from left to right, along the alignment.
scurve 1. From the DRAW menu select ARC, and then from the ARC menu, select the
Set curve command.
Figure 9 Set Curve Command Bar
2. With the focus in the Set pt: locate control, select the PI point of the leftmost
curve.
3. The adjacent combo box control lets you select from among the various
curve data parameters. Click on the combo box to display a list of the
supported parameters, and select Radius. The short cut method is to just
enter an R, without displaying the list.
4. Press the TAB key to advance the focus to the distance control enter a radius
of 350.
5. Click the Scurve command button to create the curve.
The PC, center and PT points are computed and added to the set. The original PI
point is removed from the set. We wont need the PI point, so well erase it.
delete 6. From the EDIT menu select Delete. You may have to perform a redraw to see
the PI point.
7. In the Objs: select control, select the PI point, and click OK to delete it.

This is a good time to talk about maximizing your efficiency. There are several
ways to issue a command. Throughout this tutorial well normally give instructions
based on selecting commands from the menu bar. This helps familiarize you with
the menu structure. However, in many cases there are faster and therefore more
efficient ways of issuing a command. As you work with Terramodel, youll
discover what works best for you. In addition to the pull-down menus, you can use
the accelerator keys. Youll find that for many common operations this is the
quickest. A potential example is in changing the search settings. To temporarily
toggle on or off the search setting for Sets you can type ALT + S, S to bring up the
SETTINGS menu, and then issue the Search settings command. As indicated
before, however, there is a defined key combination, which lets you issue this
particular command by typing CTRL + S, as indicated by the ^S indicator on the
SETTINGS menu. You can place buttons representing your most often accessed
commands on the toolbar. See the Terramodel Users Guide, Customizing
Terramodel, Customizing the Terramodel toolbar, for details. You can customize
the commands that are assigned to the special function keys [f1] - [f12]. For
instructions, see the Terramodel Users Guide, Customizing Terramodel,
Customizing Special Function Keys. Many experienced users find it the fastest to
type the command at the command line. This can be especially productive using
command aliases, which allow you to define short two or three character names
for certain commands. As an example, you could access the delete command by
entering DEL or ER if you choose. See the Terramodel Users Guide, The
TMODWIN.INI and P3SERVER.INI Files, [Alias], for details. Finally, you can design
and build your own custom toolbox for various tasks. See the Terramodel Users
Guide, Customizing Terramodel, Using the Toolbox, for details. The level of
productivity you achieve in using Terramodel will depend a great deal on how well
you take advantage of these customization features.
Next you need to inscribe the four remaining arcs on this alignment, each with a
radius of 300, and then delete the PIs of each arc as youve just done for the first
arc. Make sure you remember each time to set the curve parameter to radius.
Also, remember that the last command can be reissued by pressing the space bar,
so its faster to create the four arcs in this manner, then delete the four PIs.
This completes the alignment of this roadway. You can temporarily turn on the
LAND PLAN layer if you wish, and see if the actual design approximates the
planners intention.
We can delete the Construction lines now.
delete 8. From the EDIT menu select Delete.
9. In the Objs: select control, enter an L to activate selection by layer mode, then
click on one of the constructions lines to designate the CONSTR LINE layer.
10. Click OK to delete all objects on the CONSTR LINE layer.

Tying the Two Roadways Together

Now, we can tie the east end of the other roadway alignment, i.e. the most
southerly roadway, which weve already started, into the alignment we just
completed. But remember, this is a minor roadway, so we need to change the
current layer setting to the CL MINOR layer.
1. Click on the current layer select control to place the focus there.
2. Now enter a C to advance to the next layer name that starts with a C. That
happens to be the CL MINOR layer, which is selected. Now press Esc to end
the layer toggling process. Using this method, you can select the layer you
wish, without having to open the Layer Selection dialog box.
Figure 10 Tying the Two Roadways Together
set 3. Since were at the command line now, issue the Set command by typing set
and pressing ENTER.
4. With the focus in the Loc: point control, snap to the east end of the south
roadway. If for some reason youve decided to leave the LAND PLAN layer
turned on, note that there is a pline representing a lot line, that ends very near
to the alignment PI. Recalling that our current running snap settings include
both point and end snaps, we could snap to either the PI or the end of the lot
line. To assure that you snap to the Pi point, press the right mouse button and
select the Point point snap mode. This over-rides the running snap settings
and assures that you snap to a point, and not the end of a line. As another
alternative, you could turn off the snap status for the LAND PLAN layer so that
it would be impossible to inadvertently snap to any object on that layer. This
can be done using the Lset command button on the extreme left of the tool
bar.
5. Now select the BrgDist point snap mode.
6. In the Brg: bearing control, click on the north end of the east property
boundary.
7. In the Dist: distance control, enter 286. We obtained this value be scaling the
land plan.

8. Click OK to create the point.
9. With the focus back in the Loc: point control, click the right mouse button to
display the point snap modes, and select the Perp point snap mode to open
the Get Point - Perpendicular command bar. This creates a point which is
projected from the last point perpendicular to a selected line or arc segment.
Figure 11 Get Point - Perpendicular Command Bar
10. In the Perp. To line segment locate control, click on the adjacent arc of the
other roadway alignment. The line segment is established radial to the arc.
11. Click the Close command button to end the set creation.
In making the above perpendicular snap it was obvious that our PI was within the
limits of the arc and not the adjacent tangent segment. If it looked like it would be
closer to the PT and we were not sure which segment the perpendicular point
would fall on, we would have selected the PerpHAL point snap mode. It allows
you to select the alignment rather than an individual segment of an alignment, and
drops a perpendicular or radial line to the alignment rather then the segment or its
projection.
join 12. From the EDIT menu, select the Join command to open the Join command
bar.
13. With the focus in the First object: locate control, click on the originally created
set line for the most southerly roadway.
14. Then in the Select lines: select control click on the adjacent set you just
created.
15. Click OK to join the two sets into one.
Now using the Scurve and Delete commands as you did before, inscribe curves at
each of the PIs in the most southerly roadway alignment, and delete the PI points
afterwards. At the southern most PI, where the deflection approximates 90,
inscribe an arc with a 75 radius, at the other PI, the arcs radius is to be 180.
Placing the Main Entrance Roadway

Now well place the main entrance roadway that runs north/south through the
middle of the site. Recall that it must line up with the existing intersection on the
adjacent highway. This is a collector roadway, so we need to change the current
layer setting to the CL COLLECTOR layer.
dialog box.
2. Highlight the CL COLLECTOR layer, and click OK.

Figure 12 Placing the Main Entrance Roadway
set 3. Since were at the command line now, type in the Set command name.
4. In the Loc: point control, snap to the existing roadway intersection point. The
existing roadways are drawn using plines. The End running snap that we
have set will allow us to snap to the end of the intersecting roadway pline.
5. Then select the Perp point snap mode, and click on the appropriate tangent
segment of the most northerly roadway alignment to produce a perpendicular
snap to that segment.
6. Click the New command button to start a new set.
Placing the Short Cul-De-Sac Roadways

Now well place the most easterly of the two short cul-de-sac centerlines. It will be
placed parallel to the entrance roadway, offset 458 east, making it perpendicular to
the roadway it intersects. It will be 115 long, based on scaled measurements from
the land plan. This is a minor roadway, so we need to change the current layer
setting to the CL MINOR layer.
dialog box.
2. Highlight the CL MINOR layer, and click OK.

3. With the focus in the Loc: point control, use the OffInt point snap mode to
create a point on the southern most east/west roadway, offset 458 east of
the entrance roadway.
4. Then use the BrgDist point snap mode to create the other point at the same
bearing as the entrance roadway, and at a distance of 115.
5. Click the New command button to start a new set.
Now well place the other short cul-de-sacs centerline. It will be placed parallel to
the entrance roadway, offset 693 west. It will also be 115 long.
6. With the focus in the Loc: point control, use the OffInt point snap mode to
create a point on the southern most east/west roadway, offset 693 west of
the entrance roadway.
7. Then use the BrgDist point snap mode to create the other point at the same
bearing as the entrance roadway, and at a distance of 115 feet.
8. Click the Close command button to end the set creation.
This would be a good time to save the file, if you havent done so lately.
Placing the Loop Portion of the Southerly Roadway

Now well finish the loop back portion of what weve called the most southerly
east/west roadway. Weve laid a protractor on our land plan to get the intended
delta angles of the remaining curves, and scaled their radii. Rather than start a new
set and later join it to the rest of the alignment, this time well use the Edit
command to add to that existing set.
edit 1. From the EDIT menu, select Edit object to issue the edit command. This one
command can be used to edit sets, plines, text, etc. Its behavior depends on
the type of object you select to edit.
2. In the Obj: locate control, click on the most southerly east/west roadway
alignment. The Edit Set command bar is displayed in its default form,
indicating the Replace option

3. The combobox at the left end allows you to select the type of edit operation.
You can click in the combobox to see the choices if you wish. Enter an A to
select the Append option, displaying the Edit Set - Append command bar.
Figure 13 Edit Set - Append Command Bar
4. Press TAB to advance the focus to the Loc: point control or click in that control.
A rubber band attaches to the last point in the set. In this case its attached to the
wrong end. We want to append to the left end, so well first have to reverse the
direction of the set.
5. Click in the edit combo box and enter an R to select the Reverse option, then
click OK to reverse the set.
6. Now click once again in the combo box, and enter an A to select the Append
option.
7. Click in the Loc: point control. The rubber band should now be attached to the
leftmost point on the set, which is at the PC of the proposed curve. Select the
BrgDist point snap mode.
8. This time well use one of the other bearing snap modes. With the focus in the
Brg: bearing control, click the right mouse button, and select the Brg+Ang
bearing snap mode.
9. In the Brg: bearing control, click on the westerly end of the alignment were
editing to establish the bearing of the back tangent.
10. On the Ang: angle control, enter 90 to establish a 90deflection to the curve
center.
11. Click OK. This should establish a bearing of N 0000 56 E.
12. In the Dist: distance control enter a distance of 75 and click OK.
Weve placed a point at the center of the 75 radius curve. Well place the next point
at the PT, but first we have to let Terramodel know that we want to draw a curve
from the PC about the center to the PT, as opposed to drawing the two radial lines.
We do this by entering the center point twice.
13. Click on the center point a second time. The line from the PC to the center
point is erased indicating that were drawing an arc.
14. Select the BrgDist point snap mode once again, and click on the west end of
the south property boundary to establish a bearing of N 8959 04 W.
15. Enter a distance of 75 and click OK to create the PT and display the arc.
The next two curves will be created the same way, forming three compound
curves.
16. Select the BrgDist point snap mode, and click on the east end of the south
property boundary to establish a bearing of S 8959 04 E.

17. Enter a distance of 350 and click OK, to place the curve center point.
18. Click on the center point to establish this as an arc.
19. Now select the BrgDist point snap mode again.
20. With the focus in the Brg: bearing control, select the Brg+Ang bearing snap
mode.
What were going to do now is a good example of how the various object snap
modes can be combined, and used within each other.
21. To establish the base bearing well use another bearing snap mode, the Pt-Pt
mode. Select it now.
22. In the From: point control, select the center point we just placed.
23. In the To: point control, select the PT of the previously placed 75 radius
curve. This establishes the radial bearing at the PC.
24. Now back in the Ang: angle control of the Brg+Ang snap, enter an angle of 80
and click OK.
25. Now back in the Dist: distance control of the BrgDist snap, select the Pt-Pt
distance snap mode. Well do this rather than enter 350, to demonstrate how
we could get the radius from the PC and curve center points if we didnt know
the radius.
26. In the From: point control, the coordinates of the center point we just placed
are selected by default, and the focus is automatically placed on the To: point
control.
curve. This establishes the radius of the curve.
Lets review what we just did. Given the PC and center point of an arc, we wanted
to establish the location of the PT, creating an arc of 80. We elected to do this by
supplying the bearing and distance from the center point to the PT. Our approach
allowed us to do this without knowing the bearing to the PT or the curve radius.
We selected the BrgDist point snap mode to locate the PT. To establish the bearing
from the center point to the PT we selected the Brg+Ang bearing snap mode. To
establish the bearing from the center point to the PC we selected the Pt-Pt bearing
snap mode (a bearing snap mode selected within a bearing snap mode which was
selected within a point snap mode). We then added the desired 80deflection angle
to that bearing. Then we entered the radius of the curve, by using the Pt-Pt
distance snap mode to determining the distance between the existing PC and
center point. This is an example of the truly remarkable power and flexibility of
Terramodels object snap modes. Time spent familiarizing yourself with each of
these will really pay off. See the Terramodel Users Guide, Using Terramodel
Custom Controls, Object Snap Modes, for details.
Now we need to create another compound curve with a radius of 315 and a
central angle of 40.
28. Select the BrgDist point snap mode, and click on the center of the previously
created curve to establish the bearing to the center point.

29. Enter a distance of 315, and click OK, then click on this center point once
again to establish that we are creating an arc. Be careful that you get the
center of the arc, and not the end of the short cul-de-sac alignment.
30. Now select the BrgDist point snap mode.
31. In the Brg: bearing control of the BrgDist snapping process, select the
Brg+Ang bearing snap mode.
32. In the Brg: bearing control of the Brg+Ang snapping process, select the Pt-Pt
bearing snap mode.
33. In the From: point control, select the center point we just placed.
curve.
35. Now back in the Ang: angle control of the Brg+Ang snap, enter an angle of 40
and click OK.
36. Now back in the Dist: distance control of the BrgDist snap, enter the curve
radius of 315, and click OK.
Weve now successfully laid out the three compound curves envisioned by the
land planner. The remainder of this alignment is simple, well intersect the tangent
coming off of the last curve with another tangent segment parallel to the South
boundary, and placed midway between the two existing alignments.
37. Select the BrgBrg point snap mode.
38. In the first Loc: point control click on the PT of the curve we just created.
39. With the focus in the first Brg: bearing control, select the Brg+Ang bearing
snap mode.
40. In the Brg: bearing control of the Brg+Ang snap process, select the Pt-Pt
bearing snap mode.
41. In the From: point control, click on the PT of the curve we just created.
42. In the To: point control, click on the center point of that curve.
43. In the Ang: angle control, enter -90, and click OK
44. With the focus in the second Loc: point control, select the Mid2Pt point snap
mode. This allows us to establish a point at the midpoint between two
designated locations.
45. In the first Loc: point control, click on the point at north end of the main
entrance alignment, where it intersects the most northerly east/west roadway.
46. In the second Loc: point control, select the Intersect point snap mode.
47. In the Line segment 1: locate control, click on the entrance roadway.
48. In the Line segment 2: locate control, click on the southernmost east/west
roadway. We had to use an intersection snap since there is currently no point
located at the intersection of these roadways.

49. Back in the second Brg: bearing control of the BrgBrg snap process, click on
the west end of the south property boundary to locate the PI.
50. Now select the Mid2Pt point snap mode once again, and repeat the above
process of establishing the intersection with the main entrance roadway at the
midpoint between the northerly and southerly east/west roadways.
51. Then select the BrgDist point snap mode and click on the east end of the
south property boundary to establish the bearing.
52. In the Dist: distance control, enter 200 and click OK to establish the center of
the cul-de-sac.
53. Click the Close command button twice to conclude the Edit command.
scurve 54. From the DRAW menu, select Arc, and then from the Arc menu select Set
curve.
55. At the last remaining PI in the alignment we just laid out, inscribe an arc with a
radius of 325. Remember to select the Radius option in the combo box.
56. Finally, delete the PI point associated with that arc.
Your drawing should now look like that shown below.
Figure 14 Finished Roadway Centerline Alignments
The last thing we need to do concerning the alignment centerlines is to place a

point within each set at the intersection of the entrance roadway and the most
southerly roadway.
point 57. At the command line enter the Point command name from the keyboard.

Figure 15 Point Command Bar
58. In the Loc: point control, select the Intersect point snap mode, and snap the
point to the intersection of the above two roadways. You need not define an
elevation.
59. In the Name: edit text control, enter the name PI.
60. Click the Point command button to create the point, and then click the Close
button to end the command.
edit 61. Now enter the Edit command name at the keyboard, and select the entrance
roadway.
62. Click in the combobox at the left edge of the command bar and enter an I to
select the Insert option.
63. Click in the first Loc: locate control and select one end of the entrance
roadway alignment. That control will display the alignments record number,
and the sequence number of the selected point in the set. If you selected
sequence point 1, the direction of the set is toward the other end. We need to
select the point BEFORE which the intersection point is to be inserted, so in
this case we need to select the point with a sequence number of 2. Click the
locate control again, and select the other point if needed.
64. In the Loc: point control (the second control labeled Loc:) click on the point
you just placed at the intersection to place it within the set.
This process needs to be repeated once to place the point at the next intersection
to the north within the entrance alignment. It then needs to be repeated three more
times to place the intersection with the main entrance roadway and that with both
cul-de-sacs within the most southerly roadway.
Were now finished laying out our roadway centerlines. You should save your work
at this time.

30 Drawing the Right-of-Way Lines and Pavements
Drawing the Right-of-Way Lines and Pavements
OK weve established the centerline alignments of all the roadways, so the hard
parts done. Now all we have to do is draw the edge of pavement, back of curb,
front and back of sidewalk and right-of way lines for all these streets, with the
proper returns at intersections, cul-de-sac bulbs, etc. That should be pretty easy
shouldnt it? Well in fact it is, so lets just do it.
1. First, close any commands in progress to get back to an empty command

line.
layout 2. From the COGO menu, select Streets, and from the Streets menu select
Layout.
3. Click the Cul de sac command button to open the Cul-de-sac assignment
command bar.
4. In the Select end of C/L: locate control, click on the point located at the bulb
end of either of the three cul-de-sacs, then click the Settings command button.
Figure 16 Cul-de-sac Settings
5. If a cul-de-sac attribute has not previously been attached to the alignment, a

message box will ask confirmation that you wish to add the cul-de-sac
attribute to the alignment. Click the Yes button to open the Cul-de-sac
parameters dialog box.
6. Enter a Bulb radius of 35. This is the radius of the edge of pavement.
7. Enter a Right-of-way radius of 50.
8. The cul-de-sacs Offset should be 0.

Drawing the Right-of-Way Lines and Pavements 31
9. In the group entitled Which end, select the End radio button. You may
remember that we drew each of these three alignments in a direction toward
the cul-de-sac, therefore the bulb will be place at the alignment end.
10. Since our cul-de-sac is not offset, the offset direction is irrelevant.
11. Click OK to assign the cul-de-sac parameters to the alignment.
12. Repeat the above procedure on each of the other two cul-de-sacs.
13. Then, back in the Cul-de-sac assignment command bar, click the Close
command button.
14. Now click the Offset command button to open the Alignment selection
command bar.
15. With the focus in the C/L streets: select control, enter an L to place the control
in the layer selection mode.
16. Then click on one of the minor roadway centerlines and one of the collector
roadway centerlines to select all the alignments on both layers, then click OK.
17. Now click the Intersect command button to open the Alignment layer selection
command bar.
18. Select a layer on which any roadway centerline is located (either CL MINOR or
CL COLLECTOR), and click OK.
19. Now click the Close button to end the Layout command.
Figure 17 Results of Layout Command
Well, thats a start! Well have to do a little clean up where the three roadways exit
our site, but otherwise Terramodel has done it all for us. Take a moment to zoom
in and look at what it has done for you, then well go over how it was
accomplished.
We placed the roadway centerlines on two different layers because our project
involved two different roadway sections. The minor roadways, on layer CL MINOR,
are required to have a 10 lane width. We also require that a 35 radius curb return
be used at the intersection of two minor roadways, as measured at the back of

curb. The collector roadways, on layer CL COLLECTOR, use a 12 lane width,

within the same 50 right-of-way. At an intersection involving a collector roadway,
we require a 40 radius curb return. The data regarding the typical section of the
roadway and typical intersection configurations is stored in a file called a layout file.
Layout files have a filename extension of .lay. You can create layout files for all
kinds of typical roadway configurations. The name of a layout file is assigned by
Terramodel using the first 8 characters of the layer name to which it applies, with
any spaces replaced by the underscore character. The cl_minor.lay file therefore
controls the layout of roadways on the CL MINOR layer, while the cl_colle.lay file
relates to roadways located on the CL COLLECTOR layer, or any layer which starts
with the characters CL COLLE.
You can create the layout files very easily on the fly, or you can save this one step
and maintain a library of layout files that pertain to commonly needed roadway
configurations. In the case of subdivisions, its likely that most of the roadways you
deal with are typical from project to project. In our example, we just saved a
couple minutes by using standard layout files. However, there is a problem. If you
look at where our collector roadway intersects the boundary at one of the existing
roadway stubouts, youll see the collector road layout file we used, incorporated a
60 right-of-way, and a 14 lane width. So well have to fix this.
Altering the Layout Settings

layout 1. Enter the Layout command once again by typing the command name at the
keyboard.
2. Click the Settings command button to open the Settings command bar.
3. Select the CL COLLECTOR layer, and click the Settings command button to
open the Settings dialog box.
Figure 18 Layout Settings Dialog Box
4. The Layout # list box lets you choose one of six parallel lines that can be
generated from the alignment centerline. Number 1 should be chosen by
default.

5. The Layer layer select control lets you designate which layer the selected line
will be placed on. Line #1 is our edge of pavement, and it will be placed on
layer EOP.
6. The Radius real number control lets you designate the radius to be used for
this line at curved intersection returns, or the chamfer measurement to be
used at chamfered intersections. Recalling that for collector roads we are to
have a 40 radius at the back of curb, and we are using a 2 wide curb, this
7. The Offset real number control lets you designate the offset from the
alignment to this line. We need to change our edge of pavement offset to 12,
so enter a 12 in this control.
8. The Side group contains three radio buttons that let you control whether the
line is placed on the left, right or both sides of the alignment centerline. The
Both radio button should be checked.
9. The Return group lets you select the intersection return type. The Arc radio
button should be checked.
10. The Type group lets you control the type of line created. We want the edge of
pavement line to be a polyline, so the Pline radio box should be checked.
11. Now click the Layout # list box control to place the focus there, and enter a 2
To display the data for the back of curb line.
12. In the Offset control, enter a 14 to change the back of curb offset to 14.
13. Now click the Layout # list box control once again, and enter a 3 To display
the data for the face of sidewalk line.
14. In the Offset control, enter a 20.5 to place the face of curb 4.5 inside the
right-of-way line.
15. In the Layout # list box control, enter a 4 to display the data for the back of
sidewalk line.
16. In the Offset control, enter a 24.5 to place the back of curb 0.5 inside the
right-of-way line.
17. Once more in the Layout # list box control, enter a 5 To display the data for
the right-of-way line.
18. In the Offset control, enter a 25 to change the total right-of-way width to 50.
The edge of pavement, back of curb and sidewalk lines were all to be created as
plines. Well create the right-of-way lines, however, as sets, since this will be
required later when we place the lot lines. The Type group should have the Set
radio button checked for layout line #5. When Terramodel creates the right-of-way
sets paralleling the centerline, it uses the centerline sets existing arc center points
rather than creating duplicates. These arc center points remain on the CL MINOR or
CL COLLECTOR layer where they were originally created. This is an important
point, as youll see later.
19. Click OK to save the settings. The cl_colle.lay file is updated.

20. Click the Close command button twice to end the layout command and get
back to an empty command line.
Theres one other issue to take care of before we recreate the roadway geometry.
Notice that the layout command did not generate the intersection geometry where
the main entrance roadway intersects the existing roadway. We could draw this
intersection ourselves, but we might as well let the Layout command do it for us.
Creating the Main Entrance Intersection Geometry

We cant just create layout settings for the EX_ROADWAY layer, because all three of
the existing roadway segments are on that layer, and the roadway with which the
main entrance intersects has a different cross-section than the other two. In
addition, we dont want to create new pavement lines for those other two
roadways, since they dont form intersections with our roadways. Well create a
temporary layer called ERASEME.
layer 1. Double click the current layer select control on the toolbar, and click the New
command button to open the New layer dialog box.
2. In the Name: edit text control, enter ERASEME, then select any colors you like
and click OK.
3. With the ERASEME layer highlighted in the Layer selection menu, click OK.
4. Now zoom in so you can see the intersection of the main entrance roadway
with the existing roadway on the south side of the site, as well as the
intersection above that.
Figure 19 Main Entrance Intersection
You now need to draw a temporary pline along a portion of the existing roadway
centerline, on layer ERASEME.
pline 5. At the command line enter the command name Pline.

6. In the Loc: point control, select the Nearest point snap mode, and click on the
centerline of the existing roadway about 100 east of the intersection with the
main entrance roadway. The exact distance in not important.
7. Repeat the above action, this time snapping to the existing centerline around
100 to the west of the intersection.
8. Click the Close command button to end the Pline command.
layout 9. Enter the Layout command once again by typing the command name at the
keyboard.
10. Click the Settings command button to open the Settings command bar.
11. Select the ERASEME layer, and click the settings command button to open the
Settings dialog box.
12. For Layout #1, enter the following settings:

Layer: EOP
Radius: 42.00
Offset: 24.00
Side: Both
Return: Arc
Type: Pline

Layer: BOC
Radius: 40.00
Offset: 26.00
Side: Both
Return: Arc
Type: Pline

Layer: FOS
Radius: 29.5
Offset: 43.00
Side: Both
Return: Arc
Type: Pline

Layer: BOS
Radius: 25.5
Offset: 47.00
Side: Both
Return: Arc
Type: Pline

Layer: ROW
Radius: 25.00
Offset: 50.00
Side: Both
Return: Cmf
Type: Set

18. Click the Close command button to return to the main layout command bar.
Recreating the Right-of-Way Lines and Pavements

Now we can recreate the roadway geometry using the revised settings. Before we
do, well have to erase the existing roadway lines, with the exception of the
centerlines.
delete 1. From the EDIT menu, select Delete.
2. In the Objs: select control enter an L to designate the Layer select option.
3. Click on one of the right-of-way lines to select the ROW layer.
4. Click on one each of the face and back of sidewalk lines to select those
respective layers.
5. Then click on one each of the edge of pavement and back of curb lines to
select those respective layers.
6. Click OK to delete the lines.
As noted before, when the Layout command created the right-of-way sets, is used
the alignments existing curve center points rather than creating duplicate center
points. In deleting the right-of-way set lines by layer, these curve center points
were not deleted, since they are on the same layer as the roadway centerline set,
not the ROW layer. If you had attempted to delete the right-of-way lines by using
the Ofline select option, as opposed to the Layer select option, you might have
deleted the arc center points too, damaging the roadway centerline sets which also
rely upon those points.
7. Issue an All command to see the entire sight once again. All the proposed
roadway lines except the centerline should now be deleted.
8. We left the Layout command running, and you should now be at the layout
command bar. Click the Offset command button to open the Alignment
selection command bar.
9. With the focus in the C/L streets: select control, enter an L to place the control
in the layer selection mode.
10. Now click on one of the minor roadway centerlines, one of the collector
roadway centerlines, and the temporary pline which you just placed on the
ERASEME layer, to select all the alignments on all three layers. Then click OK.
11. Click the Intersect command button to open the Alignment layer selection
command bar.
12. Select either layer on which a roadway centerline is located, and click OK.
13. Now click the Close button to end the Layout command.

The roadway objects are recreated now to meet the correct requirements of this
project. The process of deleting and recreating these roadway lines can just as
easily be accomplished to incorporate a revised alignment if need be.
Now we need to clean up the three areas where our roadways exit the site.
Cleaning Up at Intersections With External Roadways

First, well erase the excess lines which the Layout command created at the south
entrance, so zoom in on that area.
Figure 20 Cleaning Up Intersections
delete 1. Enter the Delete command by typing the command name (or its alias) at the
keyboard.
2. Enter a C twice, to select the Crossing select option, then down at the main
entrance, drag the crossing box to enclose the right end of the temporary
centerline you drew in the existing roadway, and the associated parallel lines
that the Layout command created. This selects the temporary centerline, the
curb, sidewalk and right-of-way lines on the south side of the existing road,
and the easterly instances of those line as located on the north side. It also
selected the coincidental dashed lines of the underlying roadway.
3. Now drag a crossing box to enclose the west end of the temporary centerline
and its associated parallel lines, selecting the remainder of the pavement lines
on the north side.
4. Enter a minus to place to indicate an AND NOT selection. This will cause the
Objs select control to display the term -Crossing, indicating that the object
selected by the next crossing operation will be removed from the selection
set.

5. Now drag a crossing box across the previously selected roadway and
boundary lines, to the right of the temporary lines we are deleting to deselect
them.
6. Repeat this on the left side.
7. Click OK, and perform a Redraw. The unnecessary pavement lines along the
existing roadway are deleted, and the curb, sidewalk and right-of-way returns
remain.
The completed intersection should now look as shown in Figure 21.
Figure 21 Entrance Roadway Intersection
8. Now, zoom in closely on the area where the northerly roadway intersects the
north boundary.

Figure 22 North Roadway Intersection
As you can see, the roadway lines stop on a perpendicular to the alignment. Well
have to extend them to the property boundary on one side, and trim them back on
the other.
extend 9. From the EDIT menu, select Extend to open the Extend command bar.
Figure 23 Extend Command Bar
10. Make sure the To boundary check box is checked, indicating that we are
going to extend lines to intersect a designated boundary.
11. In the Boundary: locate control, click on the northerly property boundary.
12. In the Line: locate control, click on the left right-of-way line.
13. The Add pt/seg check box should not be checked, since we want to extend
the existing end point to the boundary, rather than append a new pline
segment, or add a new point to the right-of-way line sets.
14. Click the Extend command button to extend the right-of-way line. After
extending the line, the focus will return to the Line: locate control.
15. Now click on each of the sidewalk and curb lines on the left side, and after
clicking on each, click the Extend command button, or press the ENTER key.
You will probably find that pressing the ENTER key is faster.
16. Click the Close command button to end the command.
trim 17. From the EDIT menu, select Trim to open the Trim command bar.

Figure 24 Trim Command Bar
18. Once again make sure the To boundary check box is checked. The Add pt
and Move pt radio boxes will be disabled until you select a set object to trim.
20. In the Line: locate control, click on the end point of the right right-of-way line
that extends beyond the boundary.
21. In any case where you clicked on a set object, such as when trimming the
right-of-way line, the Add pt and Move pt radio boxes will be enabled. Select
the Move pt radio box, to move the existing end point, rather than leaving it
where it is and creating another.
22. Click the Trim command button to trim the right-of-way line. After trimming the
line, the focus will return to the Line: locate control.
You may be presented with a message box stating Unable to cut, restoring
original. If you do, the problem is that youve selected one of the existing
pavement or right-ot-way plines, which already intersect the boundary, instead of
one of the new lines created by the Layout command. These two sets of lines are
coincidental. When attempting to select one of two or more coincidental lines in a
locate control, you can press the right mouse button and then click the Browse
button. This displays the browsing locate command bar in which you can select
one of the coincidental lines and then use the Next or Previous buttons to toggle the
selection so as to select any one of several coincidental lines.
Another trick that works in this instance is to place the target box over the end of
the line you want to trim. Since we have the end point running snap mode set, and
the other coincidental line does not have an end point there, Terramodel will select
the line we intend. In this case the end of the line may be a little hard to see, but
we know it is on a perpendicular projection from the end of the alignment. In order
to avoid all such concerns in this case, you can either turn off the snap attribute of
the EX_ROADWAY layer, using the Lset command button on the toolbar, so those
lines cant be selected by picking.
23. Now click on each of the sidewalk and curb lines on the right side. Remember,
you must click on a portion of the line that extends beyond the boundary you
are trimming to, or on its end. On each individual line, after identifying the line,
click the trim command button, or press the ENTER key.
24. Click the Close command button to end the command.
Repeat the above line extension and trim procedure where this same roadway
intersects the east property boundary.
Theres one final issue to be dealt with. Where the two short cul-de-sacs intersect
the most southerly east/west roadway, we inserted the PI within that roadways
centerline set. This created that point as a PI for that roadway, but one with a
deflection angle of zero. The Layout command created a point on the south right-of-
way line at each of these two PIs, which should now be deleted.

Figure 25 Deleting Extra Cul-de-sac PI Points
delete 25. Enter the Delete command by typing the command name (or its alias) at the
keyboard.
26. In the Objs select control, select these two points and click OK.
Weve now completed the layout of the roadway centerlines and computed the
geometry of the right-of-way lines, the edge of pavement lines, the back of curb
lines and the sidewalks. Weve accomplished this using only the eleven object
creation or editing commands listed below, only one of which is actually listed
under the COGO menu.
Point Join
Set Extend
Pline Trim
Curve Layout
Scurve Delete
Edit
The power of Terramodels object snap modes should now be coming into focus.
Yet, of the 43 object snap modes available, weve only used 13. As youve seen,
are available to you, you can do a
lot of work with just a few commands. They provide a helpful consistency, making
multiple commands work exactly the same way, and this really does make
learning to use the software easier.
You might be thinking about how youd use what youve learned so far to compute
the location of the lot lines. There will be some instances where youll get that
chance, but once again, much of that task is automated, as youll see in the next
section.

42 Laying Out the Lot Lines
Laying Out the Lot Lines
In creating the lot lines, well rely heavily on Terramodels Predetermined area
command. This command lets you establish such parameters as the minimum lot
area, minimum frontage length and minimum length of the rear lot line, front and
rear setbacks, and the minimum width at the setback lines, etc. From these
criteria, Terramodel can lay out most of the typical lots for you.
To view the screen more clearly, lets turn off the visibility of the EOP, BOC, FOS
and BOS layers. Youve already seen how to do this using the L Set command
button on the toolbar. Also, use the current layer control to make the LOTLINE
layer the current layer.
Preparing to Create Lots in Block 5

The first block of lots well create will be those north of the most northerly collector
roadway. Well refer to this as Block 5 in a subsequent exercise. The first thing we
need to do is establish a temporary set representing the rear lot line. These lots are
to be 120 deep, so well need to create a set offset 120 from the north right-of-
way line.
offsetdist 1. From the EDIT menu, select Offset distance to open the Offset distance
command bar.
Figure 26 Offset Distance Command Bar
2. In the Hal: locate control, click on the north right-of-way line of the most
northerly roadway.
3. In the Distance: distance control, enter 120.
4. Press the TAB key to advance the focus to the Side: left/right control, and click
on the north side of the roadway.
5. Click the Close button to end the OffsetDist command.
7. Make sure the To boundary check box is checked.
9. In the Line: locate control, click on the portion of the rear lot line set that
extends beyond the north boundary. Make sure the Move pt radio button is
selected to move the existing end point, rather than leaving it where it is and
creating another.
10. Click the Close button to end the Trim command.

Laying Out the Lot Lines 43
You may see a ghosted image or a point where the end of the trimmed line was,
making it appear that instead of moving the existing end point, a new point was
created and the prior end point removed from the set. Executing the Redraw
command will remove this artifact.
15. In the Boundary: locate control, click on the easterly property boundary.
16. In the Line: locate control, click on the right end of the rear lot line. The Add
pt/seg radio button should not be selected, since we want to extend the
existing end point to the boundary, rather than add a new point to the rear lot
line set.
17. Click the Close button to end the Extend command.
Weve now got one continuous set that forms the lot frontage for this block, one
that forms the rear lot lines, and the property boundary that forms the ends of the
block. Were ready to establish the lot sizing criteria now.
Establishing the Lot Sizing Criteria

predarea 1. From the COGO menu, select Predetermined area to open the Predetermined
area command bar.
Figure 27 Predetermined Area Command Bar
2. Click the Settings command button to open the Pre-determined area settings
dialog box.

Figure 28 Pre-determined Area Settings Dialog Box
3. In the Minimum area: real number control, accept a value of 7000 square feet.
Our minimum lot width will primarily be controlled based on measurements at the
front setback line and the rear building envelope line. Where the lot is on a curve,
and the lot lines are radial, the actual frontage along the right of way can be less
than the minimum lot width. Well specify an absolute minimum frontage width of
35, which might come into play on very tight curves or lots surrounding a cul-de-
sac bulb. Well also use this minimum frontage width later to control the width of
corner lots.
4. In the Minimum frontage real number control, enter a value of 35.
A special setback can be applied to cul-de-sac lots. Lots fronting on a cul-de-sac

bulb are differentiated from lots fronting on other curves by the right-of-way lines
radius value. You must specify a minimum frontage curve radius value, below
which the program will consider the lot to be located on a cul-de-sac, rather than a
normal curve.
5. In the Cul-de-sac radius: real number control, enter a value of 51 since our
standard cul-de-sac bulb radius is 50.
6. The Minimum rear length check box should be checked to indicate that a
minimum rear lot line length will be a factor in sizing the lot. Enter a minimum
length of 35. As in the case of the minimum frontage width, this allows the
actual width at the rear lot line to be less than the required lot width at which a
structure is to be placed, or that at the rear setback. The reduced width
comes into play on lots fronting on curves where the radial lot lines converge
at the rear.
7. In the Lot side lines group, the Perpendicular radio button should be selected,
indicating that lot lines are to be perpendicular or radial to the road right-of-way
line.
As each lot is created, the two points defining the next side lot line are computed,
and a closed set is generated surrounding the lot. In most cases youll want only
the set segment representing the next side lot line to be visible, while the other
segments of the lot set are hidden. The advantage of this is that the existing right of
way lines, property boundary lines, etc., are not overlaid with coincidental lot lines,
though the lot set is still a closed set containing the entire perimeter of the lot. In
our case the right-of-way line is drawn with a DASH TWO SHORT linetype. If all of
the lot sets segments were visible, the solid lot line of the lot set would plot over
the dashed right-of-way line resulting in solid right-of-way lines. With hidden
segments this does not occur, and the lot set still defines the entire lot, allowing
area calculations to be made. The next setting allows you to hide these overlapping
lot lines.
8. Check the Hide overlapping lot lines check box.
9. In the Setbacks group, check the Frontage check box, indicating that you
desire for minimum lot widths at the front setback line to be a factor in sizing
the lots. Then enter the minimum setback depths and lot widths as follows.
10. For tangent right-of-way segments, enter a front setback depth of 25 and a
minimum lot width, as measured at the minimum front setback line of 75.

11. For curved right-of-way segments where the radius of the right-of-way arc is
greater than the value entered above to distinguish between normal curves
and cul-de-sac bulbs, enter a front setback depth of 25 and a minimum lot
width, as measured at the minimum front setback line of 75.
12. For curved right-of-way segments around cul-de-sac bulbs, enter a front
setback depth of 30 and a minimum lot width, as measured at the minimum
front setback line of 70. Were going to help reduce the excessive rear width
of lots surrounding cul-de-sac bulbs, by requiring a slightly greater front
setback and using the minimum lot width allowed by the zoning code.
For lots that get narrower toward the rear, were going to measure the minimum lot
width of 75 at the rear of the building envelop, as opposed to measuring it at the
minimum rear setback line.
13. Click the Build env Radio button to indicate that the minimum rear lot width is
to be measured at the rear of a minimum building envelop.
14. In the Build env: real number control, enter a building envelop depth of 60
and a minimum lot width of 75.
Well have Terramodel display the front setback and rear building envelop lines as
polylines. These will aid us in visualizing what the program has done. Well later
delete these lines.
15. Within the Show as: group of radio buttons, select the Pline button, then click
OK to close the Pre-determined area settings dialog box.
OK, now well create the first lot.
Creating the Initial Lot Geometry in Block 5

1. Click in the Frontage: locate control of the Predetermined Area command bar to
place the focus there and then click, near the coordinates N 11250, E 49900,
on the lot frontage line, i.e., the north right-of-way line of the most northerly
roadway.
2. With the focus now in the Boundary: locate control, click on the north property
boundary line, just west of the frontage line. Click near the coordinates
N 11710, E 48900. This is the first boundary line, which intersects our
frontage line and forms one end of the block.
3. With the focus still in the Boundary: locate control click on that segment of the
rear lot line set that we just created, that intersects the north boundary line.
Click near the coordinates N 11685, E 48975. This defines the block.
4. Click the PredArea command button to display the next command bar.
5. The combo box and the left end of the command bar should have the Create
option selected. If it does not, select the Create option.
6. In the # Lots: real number control, enter 30, indicating that we wish to create
30 lots. We know that this is more than will actually fit, so in effect were
saying create as many as possible.

You can create lots one at a time, or create as many as you wish. After creating
lots, you can undo any number, so if you get into an area where you wish to make
some adjustments, you can just back up a few lots, change the settings, and then
redo them. Well follow that procedure in a moment.
7. Since were creating perpendicular lot lines, the Brg: bearing control is not a
factor.
8. Click in the Ctr: point control to place the focus there, and then click a point in
the approximate center of the first lot at the left end of our block. Click near the
coordinates N 11650, E 48900. 28 lots are created, and the front setback and
rear building envelop lines are drawn. There is a small amount of remaining
area at the end of the block.
If you turn on the LAND PLAN layer now, youll see that we actually got one more
lot than the planner drew. Will wonders never cease! It looks like weve even got
some extra room that we might share with the first lot. This is consistent with the
land plan so well go back and do that.
9. In the combo box at the left end of the command bar, select the Undo option.
10. In the # Lots: real number control, leave the value 30, indicating that we wish
to undo all the lots we just created.
11. Click the Undo command button to erase the all the lots.
12. Click the Close command button to return to the main command bar.
13. Click the Settings button to open the Pre-determined area settings dialog box.
14. In the Minimum rear length: real number control, enter a value of 75, then
click OK.
15. Click the PredArea command button.
16. Once again, in the combo box at the left end of the command bar, select the
Create option.
17. In the # Lots: real number control, enter 1, indicating that we wish to create 1
lot.
18. Click in the Ctr: point control to place the focus there, then click in the
approximate center of the first lot to be created. The first lot is created, a bit
wider this time
19. Once again, in the combo box at the left end of the command bar, select the
Settings option, and click the Setting command button to display the Pre-
determined area settings dialog box.
20. In the Minimum rear length: real number control, change the value back to 35,
then click OK.
21. Back, in the combo box at the left end of the command bar, select the Create
option again.
22. In the # Lots: real number control, enter 30 once again, indicating that we
wish to create as many as will fit.

23. Click in the Ctr: point control to place the focus there once again, then click in
the approximate center of the next lot to be created. The lots are created, and
they look good this time.
24. Click the Close button twice to end the PredArea command.
25. Now is a good time to save your file. Also, if you turned on the LAND PLAN
layer you should either turn it off now, or turn off its snap setting so that lines
on that layer can not be selected.
The PredArea command does not create a lot set for the last lot in the block, so
well do that ourselves. In addition, when we created the rear lot line, we offset it
from the right-of-way line. This produced a line with arcs. The PredArea command,
in using that line as our rear lot line, generated some lots with rear lot lines that
follow those arcs. We want to simplify the geometry of those lots by removing the
arcs and connecting the rear of the side lot lines with a straight segment.
The first step is to erase the overall rear lot line set that we created. It is no longer
needed. Well erase the rear set only. Its points, which are still in use by the lot sets
will not be erased.
delete 26. From the EDIT menu, select Delete to open the Delete command bar.
27. In the Objs: select control, select the rear lot line set segment on the extreme
right end, where it is not coincidental with a lot set, since no lot was created
there.
28. Click OK to delete the set, and issue a Redraw command.
Now you should window in on the five lots at the left end of the block as shown in
Figure 29 below.
Figure 29 Unhiding the Rear Lot Line Segments
Recall that we instructed the PredArea command to hide all of the set segments that
were overlaid on an existing boundary. The rear lot line segments are therefore
hidden. Next well unhide these segment for the lots shown above.
hide 29. From the Draw menu, select Set, and from the Set menu select Hide
segment, to open the Hide segment command bar.
30. Click on each individual rear lot segment to toggle it on or off. To toggle a
hidden segment on, you have to click where it is supposed to be. If you click

on a segment that is visible it will be hidden, click on the hidden segment and
it will again be made visible.
31. After making the rear lot lines visible, click the Close button.
Notice that the rear lot line for the end lot, that lot which is up against the north
property boundary, has both a straight and an arc segment. We want to remove
the center point of the arc from the set, and delete the PC point altogether, so we
have one straight segment across the rear of the lot. Well do this with a utility
program called RearLotL. This is a TML program designed specifically for this
situation.
rearlotl 32. Execute the RearLotL command by typing the command name at the
command line.
33. In the Rear lot line segments: locate control, click on the two set segments
making up the above noted rear lot line.
34. Now click the Straighten command button. The arc center point is removed
from the set, but is not deleted since it is used by another set. The PC point
between the two segments you selected is removed from the set and
deleted, since it is not used in any other set.
35. Now repeat this procedure, clicking on the rear lot line segments of the next
four lots, which each have either a single arc segment, or an arc/straight
segment combination, and then clicking on the Straighten button, one at a
time.
36. When finished, click the Close button to end the RearLotL command.
37. Now Pan along the block, using the Hide command to toggle the visibility on
for the rear lot line segments of the rest of the lots we created, and using the
RearLotL command to make the rear lot lines a single straight segment.
When using the RearLotL command on a series of lots, dont forget that the
Straighten command button is the default button (the one surrounded by the heavy
black line). This means you can simply pick the rear lot segment(s) and then press
the ENTER key with your other hand, then pick the next lots segment(s) and press
the ENTER key again. Youll find this to be much easier and faster than clicking on
the Straighten command button each time.
We still need to create a set for the last lot, so zoom into that area now, making
sure that the center point of the most easterly arc in the roadway (at N 11208.76,
E 50956.80) is visible. Youll note that there is a remaining point (at N 11594.98,
E 50735.75) that was created at the PT of the rear lot line arc when we offset the
right-of-way line to create the overall rear lot line. We do not need this point so well
delete it. Notice also that when we extended that overall rear lot line to intersect the
east property boundary, we created a point on the boundary. Well use it as the
rear corner of our last lot.
delete 38. Execute the Delete command by typing the command name at the command
line.
39. In the Objs: select control, click on the above described point which falls near
the middle of proposed rear lot line of the last lot, then click OK to delete that
point.

set 40. Execute the Set command by typing the command name at the command
line.
41. With the focus in the Loc: point control, click on the front lot corner of the last
side lot line created by the PredArea command.
42. Then click on the rear corner of that side lot line.
43. Then click on the above noted point which is already located at the
intersection of the planned rear lot line and the east property boundary.
44. Then click on the intersection of the east property boundary with the north
right-of-way line of the roadway. Take care to position the cursor toward the
northwest of the point (place the intended point within the southeast corner of
the cursors target box), to assure that the point at the intersection with the
right-of-way line is selected, not the endpoint of one of the existing sidewalk
lines.
45. Now click on the PT of the arc which is located on the north right-of-way line
about 30 southwest of the last point.
46. Then click twice on the center point of the arc to indicate that you wish to
enter that point as a center point.
47. Click the Close set command button to close the set back on its first point.
48. Finally, click the Close command button to end the command.
hide 49. Execute the Hide command by typing the command name at the command
line.
50. Hide the four lot line segments which overlay the east property boundary, the
road right-of-way, and the side lot line of the adjacent lot. When hiding a set
segment that coincides with another set, the following procedures are helpful
in selecting the correct segment.
When you place the cursor over a line segment to select it, recognize that the
cursor cross hairs actually fall on one side or the other. The side of the line
segment on which the cursor is placed is a factor in determining which of the two
coincidental line segments is selected. If the wrong segment is hidden when you
click, then click again in the same spot, or click OK, to toggle that segments
visibility back on, then click once again, placing the cursor slightly on the other side
of the line segment. This will usually cause the correct segment to be selected and
hidden. When dealing with multi-segmented lines, the line that is the one
associated with the set whose enclosed area the cursor is within. Therefore to
select a particular lots enclosing set, when the adjacent lot has a coincidental lot
line segment, place the cursor slightly offset into the lot you wish to select.
Additionally, as described before, when in a locate control, you can click on the
right mouse button, whenever the cursor is in the graphics area, to display the
Browse button. Then click on it to display the browsing locate command bar in
which you can select any of the coincidental lines and then use the Next or
Previous buttons to toggle the selection so as to select any one of several
coincidental lines.
OK, weve completed the design of the lots in what will be Block 5. Once again, it
took a while to go though the tutorial explanations, but in a normal production

mode this block of lots would typically be completed very quickly. You might want
to use the Distance command to verify for yourself that the lot sizes meet the
criteria we entered in the Pre-determined area settings dialog box, or the Inverse
commands segment mode to get the length of the setback lines. Before moving
on, well go ahead and delete those setback lines.
51. Press CTRL S to open the Search settings dialog box, then uncheck the Points
and Sets check boxes, leaving the Plines check box checked so only plines
can be selected. Click OK.
delete 52. Execute the Delete command by typing the command name at the command
line.
53. With the focus in the Objs: select control enter an L to indicate selection by
layer, then click on an one of the setback lines to designate the layer. All the
setback lines, i.e. plines, on layer LOTLINE are selected.
54. Click OK to delete the setback lines.
55. Now press CTRL S again to open the Search settings dialog box again, and turn
the search settings back on for Points and Sets, the click OK.
What we just did illustrates the hard way to limit a selection set to include just
plines lying on a given layer, though it represents what an inexperienced user
might do and it works. The next time we need to do this same thing, well do it the
right way, and refer back to what we just did.
56. Issue the Save command to save your work.
Creating the First Row of Lots in Block 1

Now you should window in on the area as shown in Figure 30 below, where well
place the next group of lots, in what will become Block 1 of the subdivision.

Figure 30 Next Area
The first thing we need to do is form a temporary rear lot line set
offsetdist 1. From the EDIT menu, select Offset distance to open the Offset distance
command bar.
2. In the Hal: locate control, click on the southwesterly right-of-way line of the
most northerly collector roadway, near to where it intersects the north
property boundary (near the coordinates N 11500, E 48890).
3. In the Distance: distance control, select the Pt-Pt distance snap mode.
4. In the From: point control, click on the point at the east end of the right-of-way
line you selected above in the Hal: locate control, i.e., on the PC of the right-of-
way return arc (at N 11369.62, E 49263.63).
5. In the To: point control, select the Mid2Pt point snap mode.
6. In the first Loc: point control, select the center point of the west right-of-way
return arc, at the intersection of the most northerly roadway and the main
entrance roadway (at N 11343.62, E 49263.62).
7. In the second Loc: point control, select the center point of the next right-of-
way return arc to the south (at N 11166.13, E 49263.57). This locates the
second point of the Pt-Pt distance snap at the exact middle of the block. This
should produce a distance of 113.74.
8. The focus advances to the Side: left/right control, so click on the south side of
the right-of-way line to create the temporary rear lot line, then click the Close
button to end the OffsetDist command.
12. In the Line: locate control, click on the left end of the rear lot line.

13. The Add pt/seg check box should not be checked, since we want to extend
the existing end point to the boundary, rather than add a new point to the rear
lot line set.
14. Click the Extend command button to extend the rear lot line to the boundary.
15. Click in the Boundary: locate control to place the focus there, then click on the
westerly right of way line of the entrance roadway, near the east end of the
temporary rear lot line.
16. In the Line: locate control, click on the east end of the rear lot line.
17. Again, the Add pt/seg check box should not be checked.
18. Click the Extend command button to extend the rear lot line to the entrance
roadway.
19. Click the Close button to end the Extend command.
area command bar.
dialog box.
Since the first lot well create is a corner lot, well temporarily set the minimum
frontage to 70, which combined with the 25 radius right-of-way return will
produce a 95 wide corner lot.
22. In the Minimum frontage real number control, enter a value of 70. All of the
other settings should be as we last left them, so click OK to accept the
settings and close the dialog box.
23. Click in the Frontage: locate control to place the focus there, and then click on
the lot frontage line, i.e., the south right-of-way line of the most northerly
roadway (near the coordinates N 11500, E 48890).
24. With the focus now in the Boundary: locate control, click on the adjacent right-
of-way return arc segment at the intersection with the main entrance
roadway. This is the first boundary line. It intersects our frontage line and
starts to form one end of the block.
25. With the focus still in the Boundary: locate control, click on the adjacent
segment of the westerly right-of-way line of the main entrance roadway.
26. With the focus remaining in the Boundary: locate control, click on the most
easterly segment of the rear lot line set we just created. Note that you must
click on the line segment that intersects the previously selected boundary.
27. Click the PredArea command button to display the next command bar.
28. Click on the down arrow of the combo box at the left end of the command bar
to display the list of command options, and select the Corner option so we
can create a corner lot first. Remember that we have set the frontage length to
produce a corner lot 95 in width.
29. Since weve indicated that our lots are to be perpendicular to the road right-of-
way line, the Brg: bearing control is ignored.

the approximate center of the proposed corner lot at the extreme east end of
the block were working on. The lot is created.
In creating corner lots, setbacks and minimum widths at the setback are not
considered, so the setback lines are not drawn. Its for this reason that we
temporarily increased the frontage length to 70. This, combined with the 25 radius
right-of-way return, produces a 95 wide corner lot, which allows a 25 setback
from both streets.
31. In the combo box at the left end of the command bar, select the Settings
option, then click the Setting button to open the Pre-determined area settings
dialog box.
32. In the Minimum frontage: real number control, enter the normal value of 35,
and click OK to close the dialog box.
33. Click in the combo box on the left end of the command bar, and select the
Create option. This will allow us to create normal lots.
34. In the # Lots: real number control, enter 20. This indicates that we wish to
create as many lots as will fit, since this is obviously more than will actually fit.
35. Again, since were creating perpendicular lot lines, the Brg: bearing control is
not a factor.
the approximate center of the next lot. The next 8 lots are created, and the
front setback and rear building envelop lines are drawn. Do not exit from the
PredArea command.
These lots look pretty good, but there is some left over space that either needs to
be included in the last lot or redistributed among the others. Since we only need
75 here at the front setback, and this lot will actually be large at that width, lets
attempt to distribute the extra space among the adjacent 7 lots.
37. In the combo box on the left end of the PredArea command bar, select the
Settings option, then click the Setting button to open the Pre-determined area
settings dialog box.
38. Within the Setbacks group, increase the width for lots on other arcs, i.e. arcs
greater than 51, to 78, then click OK.
39. In the combo box again, select the Undo option, so we can undo the last 8
lots.
40. In the # Lots: real number control, enter 8, and click the Undo button.
41. Back in the combo box, select the Create option.
42. In the # Lots: real number control, enter 8 so we can recreate the 8 lots.
the approximate center of the next lot. 7 lots are recreated, with the remaining
area forming the 8th lot.
44. Checking the width of the area forming the last lot at its front setback, you
should find that it has now been reduced to 75.24. Close enough!

45. Before ending the PredArea command, change the lot width for lots on curves
other than cul-de-sacs, from 78 back to the normal minimum dimension of
47. Now Delete the set that we created as the temporary rear lot line, by selecting
it at the rear of the last lot on the left. The PredArea command did not create
an enclosing set around this lot, so youll have no concern over being able to
select the correct line. Delete just the set, not any of its points.
hide 48. Now using the Hide command, make each of the rear lot segments visible
within all 8 lots.
rearlotl 49. Using the RearLotL command, eliminate the arcs and extra points on the rear
lot lines of the 7 lots which contain arc segments on their rear lot lines.
50. Now, starting at the front lot corner of the next to last lot, use the Set
command to draw a set surrounding the last lot. Each of the required points
are already in place. When you get to the front lot corner on the north property
boundary, use the Close set command button to close the set.
hide 51. Finally, use the Hide command to hide the segments of that set that lie along
the road right-of-way, the adjacent lot line, and the property boundary. Only
the rear lot line segment should remain visible.
We can now erase the setback plines, but this time well do it by an easier method
than we did before. Well instruct Terramodel to delete only the plines on layer
LOTLINE, but we wont bother to alter the search settings the way we did last
time. That was actually needless, but a good way of pointing out the fact that there
are often many different ways to accomplish the same thing. Some are much
easier than others. Dont be satisfied to just learn one technique. Instead, always
be on the lookout for a better way. It will mean a great deal in improving your
productivity in the long run.
delete 52. Execute the Delete command by typing the command name (or its alias) at the
command line.
53. With the focus in the Objs: select control enter an L to indicate selection by
layer, then click on one of the setback lines to designate the layer. All the
objects on layer LOTLINE are selected, so be careful.
54. Now, with the cursor in the plan view window, click the right mouse button
and select the AND option.
55. Then enter a T to indicate selection by object type, and click on one of the
setback lines to designate the type pline. Now only objects that are of type
pline and located on layer LOTLINE are selected. The lot line sets and points
have been removed from the selection set.
56. Click OK to delete the setback lines.
57. This is a good time to save your file.
Once the lots are formed by the PredArea command, you can easily make changes
to a lots shape by moving a lot corner point. When you do, all the surrounding lots
that share that corner are adjusted as well. The lots we just created are part of a

block that includes another row of lots that will back up to them and share
common lot corners. Once we create those lots, well be able to make any
adjustments we feel are needed quite easily. The lots youve created so far in this
block should now look like those shown in Figure 31 below.
Figure 31 Initial Lot Configuration
Creating the Second Row of Lots in Block 1

Recalling that we created the above lots at a constant depth, youll notice that there
is an area where the total width of the block is wider due to the geometry of the
two non-concentric roadways. Were going to move the three points indicated in
Figure 31 to deepen those lots slightly. The resulting rear lot lines of the existing
lots will form the rear lot lines used by the PredArea command in creating the next
row of lots.
First were going to extend the rightmost of the three lot lines shown in Figure 31
to the center of the block width.
system 1. From the FILE menu, select System configuration, then select System, to
open the System configuration dialog box. Well need to turn Terramodels
drag mode off, so in the Client group, make sure the Dragging on check box
is not checked.
2. Click OK.
move 3. From the MODIFY menu, select Move to open the Move command bar.

Figure 32 Move Command Bar
4. In the Objs: select control, click on the rightmost point identified in Figure 31.
Note that you may have to change the current search settings in order to
assure that the point is selected and not the set. Throughout the remainder of
this exercise specific instructions will no longer be given regarding the
management of the search settings.
5. In the From: point control, click on the point being moved.
6. In the To: point control, select the Mid2Pt point snapping mode.
7. In the first Loc: point control, click on the front lot corner of the side lot line
attached to the point youre moving.
8. In the second Loc: point control, select the Intersect point snapping mode. We
want to get the intersection of this side lot line with the north right-of-way line
of the roadway behind the lots we already created.
9. In the Line segment 1: locate control, click on the side lot line containing the
point were moving. If it cant be selected, you either have not enabled set
searching, or drag mode is turned on. The reason we had to turn drag mode
off, is that while dynamically dragging the point were moving, we cant select
a set segment which is attached to it.
10. In the Line segment 2: locate control, click on the north right-of-way line of the
roadway located south of the lot (near the coordinates N 11150, E 48955).
The point is relocated to a position midway between the two roadways, along
the side lot line bearing.
11. Youll need to issue a Redraw command to update the position of the attached
sets.
12. Now repeat the above described procedure for each of the other two lot
corners indicated in Figure 31.
13. Now set the plan view window limits so youre zoomed in on everything west
of the main entrance roadway.
Well now create the lots around the outside of what well call the loop roadway, a
portion of which will back up against the lots we just created. The loop roadway is
the one that is located west of the main entrance roadway and intersects it twice.
The first thing we need to do is to create a set defining the temporary rear lot line
set. Well start by offsetting the outer right of way line of the loop roadway 120, to
form the initial rear lot line for the lots which will front on the larger radius arcs of
that roadway.
offsetdist 14. From the EDIT menu, select Offset distance.
15. In the Hal: locate control, click on the outer right-of-way line of the loop
roadway.

17. Press the TAB key to advance the focus to the Side: left/right control and click
on the outside of the loop to create the offset line, then click the Close button.
pointset 18. From the SETTINGS menu, select Point settings.
19. Uncheck the Protect pn in use from deletion check box to allow a point to be
deleted even if it is a member of a set.
20. Turn the search setting for Sets off and that for Points on.
delete 21. From the EDIT menu, select Delete.
22. In the Objs: locate control, click on the point located at the most northeasterly
end of the offset line just created, then click on the PT and PC points of the arc
next to that end.
23. Still in the Objs: locate control, click on the point located at the most
southeasterly end of the offset line just created, then click on the PT point of
the arc in that same set, closest to that end of the set.
24. Click OK to delete these points, then issue a Redraw command to display the
revised set.
25. Now revise the point settings back to the way they were, to protect points
which are members of a set from being deleted.
27. Uncheck the To boundary check box to trim the line by a specific distance.
29. In the Line: locate control, click on the northeast end of the rear lot line arc.
Remember to turn the search settings back on for sets.
30. The Add pt and Move pt radio boxes will now be enabled. Select the Move pt
radio box, to move the existing end point, rather than leaving it where it is and
creating another.
31. Click the Trim command button to trim the rear lot line.
32. Click the Close button to end the Trim command, then issue a Redraw
command.
The temporary rear lot line, as offset 120 from the roadway, should now look like
that shown in Figure 33 below.

Figure 33 Initial Rear Lot Line Offset
edit 33. From the EDIT menu, select Edit object to issue the edit command.
34. In the Obj: locate control, click on the temporary rear lot line set weve been
creating.
35. In the combo box at the left end of the command bar, enter an A to select the
Append option.
36. Press TAB to advance the focus to the Loc: point control or click in that control.
The rubber band should attach to the east end of the arc. If it does not,
reverse the set.
37. Now click on the adjacent rear lot corner located at the coordinates
N 11364.48, E 48834.50 to connect the temporary rear lot line to the rear lot
line of the existing lots.
38. Click the Close button twice to end the editing of the rear lot line set.
Weve now created the boundaries needed by the PredArea command to create the
next group of lots.
area command bar.
dialog box.
Were going to start creating these lots right at the main entrance. The first lot well
create is a corner lot, so well again temporarily increase the minimum frontage as
a means of controlling the lot width in this special case. Since this lot is at the main
entrance well make it 5 wider than the normal corner lot, so well increase the
minimum frontage value to 75, which combined with the 25 radius right-of-way
return will produce a 100 wide corner lot.
41. In the Minimum frontage real number control, enter a value of 75. All of the
other settings should be as we last left them, so click OK to accept the
settings and close the dialog box.

42. Click in the Frontage: locate control to place the focus there, and then click on
the lot frontage line, i.e., the outer right-of-way line of the loop roadway.
43. With the focus now in the Boundary: locate control, click on the adjacent right-
of-way return arc segment which adjoins the most southeasterly end of the
frontage line.
44. With the focus still in the Boundary: locate control click on the adjoining west
right-of-way line of the entrance road, then click on the chamfered right-of-way
return segment at the entrance.
45. The next boundary segment you should click on is the south property
boundary. Select it just west of the previous boundary segment.
46. Next, click on the temporary rear lot line set that we just created. Make sure
you pick it next to the west property boundary and inside the property.
47. Then click on each of the rear lot lines of the adjacent lots until you reach the
end of this row of lots. This defines the last of the boundaries.
48. Now click the PredArea command button.
49. Click on the down arrow of the combo box at the left end of the command bar
to display the list of command options, and select the Corner option so we
can create a corner lot first.
50. Since weve indicated that our lots are to be perpendicular to the road right-of-
way line, the Brg: bearing control is ignored.
the approximate center of the proposed corner lot at the extreme southeast
end of the block weve defined. The corner lot is created.
52. In the combo box on the left end of the command bar, select the Settings
option, then click the Setting button to open the Pre-determined area settings
dialog box.
53. In the Minimum frontage: real number control, enter the normal value of 35,
and click OK.
54. Back in the combo box, select the Create option. This will allow us to create
the normal mid-block lots.
55. In the # Lots: real number control, enter 40, indicating that we wish to create
all the lots that will fit. This is probably more than will actually fit.
56. Again, since were creating perpendicular lot lines, the Brg: bearing control is
not a factor.
the approximate center of the next lot to be created.
The next 30 lots are created, and the front setback and rear building envelop lines
are drawn. The remaining area at the end of this row of lots is sufficiently large for
a corner lot.

59. As weve done before, you can now delete the temporary rear lot line set that
we used as the boundary for the PredArea command. Do this by click
selecting it on the part the extends west of the west property boundary line.
After deleting the set, delete the point which was at its southwest end.
hide 60. Again, as youve done before, use the Hide command to display the hidden
rear lot lines which are not currently shown, and which do not coincide with a
property boundary, or another rear lot line.
rearlotl 61. Now for those lots whose rear lot lines were formed by the curved portion of
the temporary rear lot line set, and which as a result contain arc segments
along their rear lot line, use the RearLotL command, as weve done before, to
remove the arc segments, and create a single straight lot line segment across
the rear.
Now turn on the visibility of the LAND PLAN layer or look at a plot of that layer if
you made one. Notice the area where the lots diverge away from the west
property boundary. The first two lots are supposed to be extended all the way to
the west property boundary so lets do that. Zoom in on this area now, as shown
below.
Figure 34 Lots Next to West Boundary
The first lot that is separated from the west property line has its southwest corner
on that line, so well simply extend its northerly side lot line to intersect the property
line, by moving the lot corner point.
move 62. Use the Move command, as youve done before, to move the lot corner to the
intersection of the side lot line and the west property line. Remember to be
aware of the search settings, and note that dragging must be turned off (it
should still be off) to use the Intersect point snap mode in this instance, since
the side lot line is a set segment connected to the point were moving.
In the case of the next lot to the north, well have to create a new point on the west
property line, and insert it into that lots set.
edit 63. From the EDIT menu, select Edit object.

64. In the Obj: locate control, click on the rear lot line of the lot to be edited.
65. In the combo box at the left end of the command bar, enter an I to select the
Insert option.
66. Click the first Loc: locate control to place the focus there, then click on the
northerly rear lot corner of the lot, to indicate the point before which the new
point is to be inserted.
67. In the second Loc: point control now, select the Perp point snap mode, and
click on the west property boundary to create the point and insert it within the
set.
68. Click the Close command button twice to end the Edit command.
If you turned on the visibility of the LAND PLAN layer, you should turn it back off
now.
hide 69. After making these changes, use the Hide command to hide the two rear lot
line segments that now overlay the property boundary.
Now we need to draw a set around the last lot, but before we do, lets move its
west lot line (the east side lot line of the existing adjacent lot) to line up with the
nearby rear corner of the lot that it backs up against.
edit 70. From the EDIT menu, select Edit object.
71. In the Obj: locate control, click on the easterly side lot line of the last lot
created by the PredArea command.
72. In the combo box at the left end of the command bar, select the Replace
option.
73. In the first Loc: locate control, click on the northeast lot corner of the last lot
created.
74. In the adjacent Loc: point control, click on the nearby existing rear corner of
the adjacent lots which backs up to this lot. The original corner point is
removed from the set and replaced by the other point.
75. Click the Close command button twice to end the Edit command.
76. Delete the point to which the rear corner of this lot was attached before the
above operation.
move 77. From the MODIFY menu, select Move.
78. In the Objs: select control, select the front corner point of the same side lot
line.
79. In the From: point control, click on that point again.
80. In the To: point control, select the Perp point snap mode, then click in the Loc:
point control to place the focus there.
81. Click on the rear lot corner point of this same side lot line.
82. In the Perp. To line segment: locate control, click on the road right-of-way line
at the front of the lot, then issue a Redraw command.

83. Now, as youve done at the end of the other two blocks, draw an enclosing
set to form the last lot on the block, and hide the line segments that overlay
the right-of-way lines.
In the area where the two rows of lots come together, those lots need some work
to eliminate the acute angle at the corner of the proposed storm water detention
area, and to better match the land plan. We wont take the time to do that here, but
you might wish to alter these lots on your own.
84. Now you can delete the setback lines, as youve done before, by deleting all
plines on layer LOTLINE.
From this point on, well speed things up a bit further by lessening the amount of
detail used in describing operations that weve already accomplished several times
in this exercise. Whenever we hit on a new concept, though, well cover every
step in detail.
Creating the Lots in Block 2

Next well place the lots within the inside of the loop road weve been working on.
This will be Block 2 and it looks like it might present a few challenges, so lets
zoom in there now and get started.
offsetdist 1. Using the OffsetDist command as we did before, create a temporary rear lot
line set by offsetting the inside right-of-way line of the loop road 120. Select
the south right-of-way line of the northernmost portion of that roadway as the
line to offset.
2. Now alter the point settings to once again allow points that are members of a
set to be deleted, then delete each of the two endpoints of the temporary rear
lot line set.
redraw 3. Redraw the screen to see the results, then reset the above noted point deletion
protection setting.
pline 4. Now draw a temporary pline as follows. Place the first vertex at the midpoint
of the main entrance roadways right-of-way line segment at the east end of
this block, by using the Mid point snap mode and clicking on the right-of-way
line segment.
5. Place the other end of this pline by using the BrgDist point snap mode.
Establish the bearing of N 895904 W, by clicking on the west end of the
most southerly segment of the loop roads centerline. Click to establish the
distance such that this pline will cross over and intersect the temporary rear
lot line set, then end the Pline command.
trim 6. Using the Trim command, trim the east end of the temporary rear lot line sets
arc, back to its intersection with the pline. Make sure you move the existing
end point, rather than creating another.
7. Edit the temporary rear lot line set to append a point to its east end, placing
that point at the east end of the temporary pline where it intersects the
entrance roadways west right-of-way line.

delete 8. Delete the temporary pline.
extend 9. Using the Extend command, extend the southwesterly end of the temporary
rear lot line by 80.
The temporary rear lot line should now look like that shown below.
Figure 35 Temporary Rear Lot Line
predarea 10. Using the PredArea command, in the same manner that weve used it on the
preceding lots, place as many lots as will fit along the north side of the
temporary rear lot line, starting at the corner lot on the east. Remember to
make the corner lot 75 wide. When youve placed the lots, do not end the
PredArea command, since we may have to undo and redo a few.
11. Turn on the visibility of the LAND PLAN layer now.
Well it looks like the land planner was using a different set of lot sizing criteria than
that which we must use. Thats unusual isnt it? Weve lost one lot, and still the end
lot is past the point where its supposed to be. Luckily, were using lot sizing
criteria that the developer has requested, which results in larger than the minimum
lot sizes, so we have the latitude to squeeze these down a bit.
12. Lets undo the last five lots. The limiting factor in these lots is the 75
minimum width at the rear of the 60 deep building envelope.
13. Edit the settings to change the minimum lot width at the rear of the 60
building envelop to 72.
14. Recreate the 5 lots now. The bottom edge of the last lots rear building
envelop line should fall very near the intended lot line.
15. While youre thinking about it, go ahead and revise the settings back to where
they were, requiring a minimum width at the rear of the building envelop of
75.
16. Turn off the visibility of the LAND PLAN layer now. If you would prefer to keep
that layer visible, you can instead turn off the Snap status for the LAND PLAN
layer so you can see the objects on that layer, but you cant accidentally snap
to them.

17. Delete the temporary rear lot line set, as well as the last point on its left end.
hide 18. Using the Hide command, make the rear lot line segments of each lot visible.
rearlotl 19. Using the RearLotL command, remove the arc segments and related end of
arc points from the rear lot lines.
20. Now draw a temporary pline from the center of the cul-de-sac bulb, to the
south end of the rear building envelop line on the last lot on the left.
extend 21. Using the Extend command, extend this temporary pline to intersect the inside
right-of-way line of the loop roadway.
move 22. Using the Move command, move the most southerly front lot corner point of
the last lot to the end of the temporary pline, at its intersection with the right-
of-way line, then issue a Redraw command to see the set move.
23. Again using the Move command, move the most southerly rear lot corner
point of that last lot, to fall on the temporary pline at a perpendicular projection
from that lots other rear corner. This can be done using the Perp point snap
mode. Remember, you have to click the Loc: point control to establish the
other rear lot corner as the origin of the perpendicular projection.
set 24. Using the Set command, draw a set from the southerly rear lot corner of the
last lot to the intersection with the temporary pline and the cul-de-sac bulb
right-of-way line. Use the Intersect point snap mode to create a new point on
the cul-de-sac bulb.
delete 25. Using the Delete command, delete the temporary pline by clicking on it within
the cul-de-sac bulb.
The temporary pline we just used was employed as a construction line like the
ones we used to place some of the roadway centerlines. In this case we just didnt
bother to change the current layer to the CONSTR LINE layer like we did before.
The lots youve placed so far should look like this.
Figure 36 Intermediate Block 2 lot Configuration
Were now going to place the three lots to the south of our last lot.
set 26. Using the Set command, create a set and points forming the most easterly of
these lots as follows. Place the first point on the loop roads north right-of-way
line, offset 150 west of the cul-de-sac centerline, using the OffInt point snap
mode.

27. Place the second point on the rear lot line that we already established, again
using the OffInt point snap mode, and offsetting it 150 west of the cul-de-sac
centerline.
28. As youve done in the past, trace this set around the rest of the most easterly
lot at the intersection of the loop road and the cul-de-sac.
hide 29. Using the Hide command, hide the segments that overlay the road right-of-
way lines. Youll probably have to zoom in on this lot, since it involves a short
tangent right-of-way segment that may otherwise be difficult to select.
Remember you can use the Previous command, which is typically located on
the toolbar, to get back to your current view.
30. Now you can repeat the above procedures to create the middle lot, using an
offset from the cul-de-sac centerline of 225 to the westerly side lot line,
creating a lot width of 75.
31. After completing the set for the middle lot, you can create a set enclosing the
westerly corner lot, again hiding those segments that overlay the right-of-way
lines.
32. Go ahead now an delete the setback lines from the lots which the PredArea
command created.
move 33. Now, starting at lot 1, at the most easterly corner lot in this block, the one we
created first with the PredArea command, count to find the sixth lot. Were
going to extend its side lot lines backward on their current bearing to deepen
that lot. Using the Move command, move the most southerly rear corner of the
sixth lot backwards an additional 20. You can do this easily using the BrgDist
point snap mode.
34. In the same manner, move the most westerly rear lot corner backwards an
additional 12.
This area of your drawing should now look like that shown in Figure 37 below.

Figure 37 Lot Layout Status Check
save 35. This is a good time to save your file.
set 36. OK, Now well create a temporary rear lot line set for use by the PredArea
command. Start by clicking on the center of the cul-de-sac bulb. The second
point on this set should be the southerly rear lot line of the last lot created by
the PredArea command, forming a segment heading westerly along the rear of
the three lots which front on the southerly segment of the loop roadway. Then
click on the rear lot corner of each lot, clockwise along the row of lots that
surround the cul-de-sac bulb. You can stop this line about four lots from the
end of the block, because well only use it to form the lots surrounding the cul-
de-sac. Were starting at the center of the cul-de-sac bulb, just so well have a
convenient place to select this set when deleting it.
predarea 37. Now well use the PredArea command to place the lots around the cul-de-sac.
Select the frontage line by clicking on the cul-de-sac bulb. Then select the
boundary line by clicking on the temporary rear lot line we just created. Make
sure you click on this line in the first segment west of the cul-de-sac bulb, and
place the target box just north of that segment in order to select the set you
want, and not the adjacent lots set segment.
38. Now using the Create option, create three lots. Do not end the PredArea
command, because we may need to undo these lots.
At this point you should turn on the visibility of the LAND PLAN layer for a
moment. It looks like weve got a bit of extra room to work with. Weve established
the sizing of lots around cul-de-sacs based on an increased minimum setback to
30 and based on the absolute minimum width at that setback of 70. This tends to
prevent these lots from getting overly wide at the rear. In this case, however,
weve got some extra room, so lets make these lots a little wider.
39. Edit the settings to reduce the setback on cul-de-sac lots to 25 and increase
the minimum width at the front setback to 75.
40. Now undo the 3 lots, and recreate them. The results look OK, so well leave
things alone, but go back now and set the minimum front setback dimension

back to 30 for cul-de-sac lots, and return the minimum width at that setback
to 70, then end the PredArea command.
delete 41. Now you can delete the temporary rear lot line set. Select it by picking the part
that projects into the cul-de-sac bulb.
You should turn off the visibility of the LAND PLAN layer now, or at least turn of its
snap status so you cant accidental snap to one of those plines.
move 42. Now we need to eliminate the acute angle at the east edge of the last lot we
created. Well do this by moving the extreme easterly corner along the
southerly side lot line (at the coordinates N 11006.40, E 48822.91), and
placing it on a perpendicular projection from the adjacent rear lot line point in
that lot (at the coordinates N 11034.81, E 48777.43). Use the Move command,
and the Perp point snap mode to accomplish this.
edit 43. After moving the point, issue a Redraw command. Then edit the rear lot line of
the lot that backs up to the relocated corner, to include that point in its set.
Use the Edit command and the Insert option to accomplish this.
delete 44. Now delete the setback and rear building envelop lines from the cul-de-sac lots.
The lot layout within the inside of the loop roadway should now look like the one
shown in Figure 38 below. Weve got one last section of lots to create using the
PredArea command, as shown below. We will start with the easterly corner lot of
that area.
Figure 38 Lot Layout Status Check
predarea 45. Run the PredArea command and click the Settings command button.
46. In the Minimum frontage: control change the minimum frontage to 70 feet, as
we have done for the previous corner lots.
47. Click OK to close the Predetermined area settings dialog box.
48. In the Frontage: locate control, click on the northerly right-of-way line of the
most southerly east/west roadway, near the coordinates N 10865, E49000.
49. In the Boundary: locate control, click on the right-of-way return arc located at
the intersection of the frontage line and the main entrance roadway, near the
coordinates N 10872, E49284.

50. In the Boundary: locate control once again, click on the adjacent westerly
right-of-way line of the main entrance roadway.
51. Once again in the same control, click on the southerly rear lot line of the
existing corner lot, near the coordinates N 10975, E 49265.
52. Now click on the rear lot lines of each of the next five adjacent lots.
53. Finally, click on the southerly side lot line of the last lot completed on the cul-
de-sac, near the coordinates, N 10990, E 48760.
This defines the area in which the next lots will be located.
54. Click the PredArea command button.
55. Select the Corner mode in the combo box, by entering a C.
56. Click in the Ctr: point control to place the focus there, then click near the
center of the easterly corner lot which we wish to create, near the coordinates
N 10920, E 49240.
The corner lot is created. It is the same size as the adjacent corner lot, and the
roadways involved are orthogonal, so the northwest corner of the new lot shares
the same corner point with the southeast corner of the adjacent corner lot. The
PredArea command uses the existing point, rather than creating a duplicate point.
57. Click in the combo box, and select the Settings mode, then click the Setting
command button to display the setting dialog box.
58. Change the minimum frontage back to the normal 35 feet, and click OK.
59. Now select the Create mode from the combo box, by selecting it from the list,
or by just entering a C.
60. In the Lots: integer control, enter a 6, indicating that we wish to create six lots.
61. Click in the Ctr: point control to place the focus there, then click near the
center of the next lot to be created, near the coordinates N 10920, E 49150.
62. Click the Close command button twice to end the PredArea command.
delete 63. Delete the setback plines as youve done before.
set 64. Now add the set line for the next and final lot in this block, hiding the segments
that coincide with the right-of-way lines.
all 65. Issue the All command now to see the entire site.
save 66. Save Your project file now.
That concludes this exercise. Youve got two blocks of lots left to create. Well
leave them for you to do on your own. Weve covered the basic techniques that
se lot computations, as well as your own projects.

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Coordinate Geometry March 2002
Revision A
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Terramodel Training Guide: Coordinate Geometry

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OPENING THE PROJECT FILE ..........................................................................................7

CHECKING THE SYSTEM CONFIGURATION SETTINGS ................................................................8

REVIEWING THE LAND PLAN ........................................................................................10

PLACING ROADWAY CENTERLINES .................................................................................11

Placing the Most Southerly East/West Roadway.............................................. 11

Altering the Layout Settings............................................................................ 32

Preparing to Create Lots in Block 5................................................................. 42

Coordinate Geometry Trimble, Inc.

This tutorial focuses on the procedures used in performing Coordinate Geometry

To copy the project files:

2. Create a new folder named TRAINING.

Copy the SUBDCOGO.PRO, CL_MINOR.LAY, and CL_COLLE.LAY files from the