Incomplete or Lack of Penetration — Interpass Slag Inclusions: (LOP) Usually non-metallic impurities that The edges of the pieces have not been —_ solidified on the weld surface and were d together, usually at the bottom —_nol removed between weld passes. e V-groove welds Radiographic Image: Radiographic Image: A darker density band, with very An irreguiary-shaped darker density ight parallel edges, in the center of usually slightly elongated and he width of the weld imag andomly spacedOffset or Mismatch (Hi-Lo) A misalignment of the welded, to be Radiographic Image: An abrupt change in film density across the width of the weld image. Offset or Mismatch with Lack of Penetration (LOP) A misalignment of the pieces to be jed insufficient filling of the the weld or at area Radiographic Image: An abrupt density change across the width of the weld image with a straigh jongitucinal darker density line at the center of the width of the weld image along the edge of the density change.© mpurities that solidify on the surfar after welding and were nol removed between passes Elonga beac voids betwa and the joint surfaces Radiographic Image Elongated, parallel or single darke density lines, irregular in width and slightly winding in the lengthwise direc- tion. Radiographic Imag} Elongated parallel, or single, darker Gensity lines sometimes with darker Gensity spots dispersed along the LOF ines which are very straight in the lenathwise direction and not winding like elongated slag jines.Interpass Cold Lap: Lack Scattered Porosity Rounded voids random in size and aie | aed Radiographic Image: Small spots of darker densities, some with siightly elongated tails, aligned in the. welding direction and not in the center of the width of the weld im Radiographic Image: Rounded spots of da random in size and location,External Concavity or Insufficient Fill Excessive Drop-thru): etal Penetration (icicles, f the Radiographic Image: Aweld density darker than th of the pi eing welded anc ing full w mage Radiographic Image: 4 lighter density in the center of the width of the weld image, either ex- tended along the weld or in isolated circul psCluster Porosity: Rounded or slightly elongated voids grouped together. Root Pass Aligned Porosity: Rounded and elongated voids in the bottom of the weld aligned along the weld centerline __ Radiographic Image: Rounded or slightly elongated darker nsity spots in clusters with the clus- ers randomly spaced Radiographic Image Rounded and elongated darker density spots, thal may be connected, in a straight line in the center of the width of the weld image. == floorExternal Undercut: i internal (Root) Undercut be A gouging out of the parent metal alongside the edge of the bottom or internal’ surfaci gouging out of the d, alongside the ed ternal’ surface of the weld he weld Radiographic Image: An irreguar darker density near the edge center of the width of ihe weld image always be darker than the density of the and along the edge o! the root pass pieces being welded image. Radiographic Image: An irregular darker density along the edge of the weld image. The density wilTransverse Crack: Longitudinal Crack: A fracture in the weld metal running A fracture in the weld metal running across the weld lengthwise in the welding direction Ls Radiographic Image: Radiographic Image: Feathery, twisting line of darker density Feathery, twisting lines of darker density running across the width of the weld running lengthwise along the weld at image any location in the width of the weld magejal Concavity (Suck Back) ore in the center of the sur Radiographic Image: An elongated irregular darker density with fuzzy edges, in the center of the width of the weld image. Burn Through A severe depression or tom of hole at the bo Radiographic Image: A localized darker density with fuzzy edges in the center of the width of the weld image, It may be wder than the width of the root pass image.Longitudinal Root Crack: Tungsten Inclusions A fracture in the weld metal at tne edge Random bits of tungsten fused into but of the root pass. not melied into the weld metal Radiographic Image: Radiographic Image: Feathery, twisting lines of darker density _Irregularly shaped lower density spots along the edge of the image of the root randomly located in the weld image pass. The ‘twisting’ feature helps to distinguish the root crack from incom plete root penetration