TERHAD For

Examiner's
Use
13 Azman and his family went for a vacation on an island. While checking in at the
resort, they were given lemon juices.
Azman dan keluarganya bercuti ke sebuah pulau. Semasa mendaftar masuk ke pusat
peranginan itu, mereka telah diberi jus lemon.
(a) (i) State the characteristic of lemon juice.
Nyatakan sifat jus lemon.

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[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(ii) State the observation obtained if the lemon juice is tested with blue
litmus paper.
Nyatakan pemerhatian yang diperoleh sekiranya jus lemon diuji dengan
kertas litmus biru.

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[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(b) Azman found that the milk left for two days on the table in his room became sour
and lumpy.
The graph below shows the change in pH value of the milk against time based on
the prediction made by Azman.
Azman mendapati susu yang ditinggalkan di atas meja menjadi masam dan berketul
selepas dibiarkan selama dua hari di biliknya.
Graf di bawah menunjukkan perubahan nilai pH susu tersebut terhadap masa
berdasarkan ramalan yang dibuat oleh Azman.

pH

1
Hour
Jam
0 8 16 24 32 40 48
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Examiner's
Use
Based on the graph, state the changes that occur to the pH value of the milk.
Explain your answer.
Berdasarkan graf tersebut, nyatakan perubahan yang berlaku terhadap nilai pH
susu tersebut.
Jelaskan jawapan anda.

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[3 marks]
[3 markah]

(c) Azman and his family visited the Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) which produce
pickled mangoes on the island. Vinegar is used as the main ingredient in producing
pickled mangoes.
By using suitable reasons, justify the use of the vinegar and its effect.
Azman dan keluarga melawat Perusahaan Kecil dan Sederhana (PKS) yang
menghasilkan jeruk mangga di pulau tersebut. Cuka digunakan sebagai bahan utama
dalam penghasilan jeruk mangga tersebut.
Dengan menggunakan alasan yang munasabah, wajarkan penggunaan cuka
tersebut dan kesannya.

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[4 marks]
[4 markah]

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Examiner's
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(d) Nizam succeeded in getting some fish during fishing. The fish should be placed
into a polystyrene container which contains ice in order to prevent the fish from
being rotten faster.
How should Nizam use all the following materials to construct a fish container?
Nizam telah berjaya mendapatkan beberapa ekor ikan semasa memancing. Ikan
perlu diletakkan ke dalam bekas polistirena yang berisi ais bagi mencegah ikan
tersebut daripada cepat busuk.
Bagaimanakah Nizam dapat menggunakan semua bahan berikut untuk membina
bekas simpanan ikan tersebut?

Plastic food container

Bekas plastik makanan

Sponge Salt
Span Garam

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Examiner's
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Sketch the fish storage container. Explain how the substance functions.
Lakarkan bekas simpanan ikan tersebut. Terangkan bagaimana bahan
tersebut berfungsi.
Answer space / Ruang jawapan :

Explanation / Penerangan :

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[3 marks]
[3 markah]

13

12
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Examiner's
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14 A scientist has found that biomass is the best alternative source of energy.
Seorang saintis telah mendapati bahawa biojisim adalah sumber tenaga
alternatif terbaik.
(a) (i) Name one example of biomass source.
Namakan satu contoh sumber biojisim.

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[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(ii) Diagram 14.1 shows the sequence of processes in producing electrical

energy from biomass.
Rajah 14.1 menunjukkan urutan proses penghasilan tenaga elektrik daripada
biojisim.

Biomass collection site

Tapak pengumpulan biojisim

Produce methane gas

Menghasilkan gas metana

Electrical power plant

Loji kuasa elektrik

Diagram 14.1
Rajah 14.1

Based on Diagram 14.1, complete the energy transformation in the flow

chart below.
Berdasarkan Rajah 14.1, lengkapkan perubahan tenaga dalam carta alir
di bawah.

Chemical energy Heat energy Electrical energy

Tenaga kimia Tenaga haba Tenaga elektrik

[1 mark]
[1 markah]

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(iii) Table 14 shows the production of electrical energy generated from two
different types of waste.
Jadual 14 menunjukkan penghasilan tenaga elektrik yang dijana daripada
dua jenis sisa yang berbeza.

Type of waste Rate of decay Production of Electrical energy,

Jenis sisa Kadar pereputan methane gas (kV)
Penghasilan gas Tenaga elektrik,
metana (kV)

Domestic Low Low

Domestik Rendah Rendah 4.5

Agriculture High High

Pertanian Tinggi Tinggi 6.0

Table 14
Jadual 14

Based on Table 14, describe why there is a difference in the production of electrical
energy generated from domestic waste and agriculture waste.
Berdasarkan Jadual 14, huraikan mengapa terdapat perbezaan penghasilan tenaga
elektrik yang dijana daripada sisa domestik dan sisa pertanian.

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[3 marks]
[3 markah]

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Examiner's
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(b) The rice mill manufacturer burns the rice husk after being processed and this
contributes to air pollution. To overcome this problem, the rice mill manufacturer
is adviced to apply the biomass method on the rice husk.
Based on your knowledge, explain the positive effects of the biomass usage towards
the environment and generation of electrical energy.
Pengusaha kilang padi membakar sekam padi setelah memprosesnya dan ini
menyumbang kepada pencemaran udara. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, pengusaha
kilang padi telah dinasihatkan supaya menggunakan kaedah biojisim ke atas sekam
padi tersebut.
Berdasarkan pengetahuan anda, jelaskan kesan positif penggunaan biojisim terhadap
alam sekitar dan penjanaan tenaga elektrik.

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[4 marks]
[4 markah]

(c) A school canteen produces a lot of food waste every day. Students have to put the
food waste into plastic containers. The decaying process of the food waste will
produce methane gas with an unpleasant smell.
You are required to modify an instrument that can reduce smell pollution produced
from the food waste by using the materials provided below.
Kantin sekolah menghasilkan sisa makanan yang banyak setiap hari. Murid
dikehendaki membuang sisa makanan ke dalam tong plastik. Pereputan sisa
makanan tersebut akan menghasilkan gas metana yang berbau busuk.
Anda dikehendaki untuk mengubahsuai sebuah alat yang dapat mengurangkan
pencemaran bau yang terhasil daripada sisa makanan tersebut dengan
menggunakan bahan yang disediakan di bawah.

Hose PVC pipe Tape

Salur getah Paip PVC Pita pelekat

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Sketch the modification of the instrument on Diagram 14.2. Explain how the
instrument works.
Lakarkan pengubahsuaian alat tersebut pada Rajah 14.2. Terangkan bagaimana
alat tersebut berfungsi.

Answer space / Ruang jawapan :

Tong plastik
Plastic container

Water
Food waste Air
Sisa makanan

Diagram 14.2
Rajah 14.2

Explanation / Penerangan :

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[3 marks]
[3 markah]

KERTAS PEPERIKSAAN TAMAT

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PENGESAHAN PENGETUA

14
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12
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