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Hardy-Weinberg Law
Hardy-Weinberg equation :
p+q=1
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
Learning Outcomes :
5.2 a) State the Hardy-Weinberg Law
Allele frequency
p+q=1
Genotype Frequency
(p + q)2 = (1)2
(p + q)(p +q) = 1
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
Learning Outcomes :
5.2 a) State the Hardy-Weinberg Law
Genotype frequency
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
iii. No mutation
iv. No migration
Population
v. No natural selection
It is possible to calculate:
Allele frequency
Genotype frequency
Dominant phenotype frequency
Recessive phenotype frequency
Example:
The allele y occurs with a frequency of 0.8 in a population
of clams. Give the frequencies of the genotypes YY, Yy and
yy. Show your calculation.
p2 +2pq+q2 = 1
Dominant p2 = (0.2)2
homozygous = 0.04
Recessive q2 = (0.8)2
homozygous = 0.64
Learning Outcomes :
5.2 c) Calculate allele and genotype frequencies
Question 1
Solution
What are the genotype frequency of
Aa individuals, frequency of
dominant phenotype and frequency
of recessive phenotype individuals?
o 2pq A a
o p2 +2pq (p) (q)
o q2 A AA ~ 320 Aa ~ 80
(p) p2 pq
a Aa ~ 80 aa ~ 20
(q) pq q2
Learning Outcomes :
5.2 c) Calculate allele and genotype frequencies
q2 = 20/500
= 0.04
q = 0.2
p=1q
= 1 0.2
= 0.8
Question 2
Key:
Carrier is 2pq
Learning Outcomes :
5.2 c) Calculate allele and genotype frequencies
Solution
16% is albino which is recessive, so 0.16 is albino ~ q2
q2 = 0.16
q = 0.4
From p + q = 1
p = 1-p
= 1-0.4
= 0.6
Question 3
Of 400 people who dwell on a Pacic island, 16 are
homozygous recessive for a trait that has only two
different types of alleles in the population. The number of
heterozygous people is.
Solution
q2 = 16/400
= 0.04
q = 0.2
p+q=1
p=1-q
= 0.8
Question 4
Key:
Carrier is 2pq
Learning Outcomes :
5.2 c) Calculate allele and genotype frequencies
Solution
Frequency of recessive allele, q = 0.3
p+q=1
So, p = 1 - 0.3
= 0.7
Heterozygous carrier, 2pq
= 2pq x 100
= 2 (0.3)(0.7) x 100
= 0.42
Question 5
Solution
a. q2 = 9/10 000
= 0.0009
q = 0.03
p+q =1
p =1-q
= 1-0.03
= 0.97
Answer
a) p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 and p+q=1
p = frequency of dominant allele // q = frequency of recessive allele
q2 = 2 __
12750
= 0.00016
q = 0.00016
= 0.01265
p =1q
= 1 0.01265
= 0.98735
Answer
b) 2pq = 2(0.98735)(0.01265)
= 0.02498
Answer
c) q2 = 2_____
12750 -1000
q = 0.00017
= 0.01304
p = 1 0.01304
= 0.98696
Conclusion
Hardy-Weinberg Law In equilibrium, the frequency of alleles
and genotypes in a population remain
constant from generation to generation
under certain conditions.
Campbell
11th ed ;
Five Assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg Law & Hardy-
Weinberg equation
Page : 544 - 546