At the end of the lesson, you should be able

to:
Explain the concepts of stress.
Compute the normal stress of an axially loaded
member of a structure.
 RIGID BODIES:
1. Statics
2. Dynamics
Only the external effect of forces
acting on a body are considered.
The bodies are assumed perfectly rigid.
(no deformation).
 MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES:
Internal effects of the forces on the body
will be considered.
Deformations will be of great importance.
 The difference between rigid-body
mechanics and mechanics of materials:

In mechanics of materials, the statics

solution is extended to include analysis of
the forces acting inside the bar to be certain
that the bar will neither break nor deform
excessively.
 SIMPLE STRESSES
Stress is known as the intensity of load per
unit area.
Stress is also a measure of the unit strength
of a material.
 NORMAL STRESS:
The resisting area is perpendicular to the
applied force, thus normal.
 NORMAL STRESS:
Two types of normal stress:
1.Tensile stress
2.Compressive stress
 NORMAL STRESS:
The normal stress acting at any point on a
cross-section is given by the formula:

Where:
 NORMAL STRESS:
The normal stress acting at any point on a
cross-section is given by the formula:

Units of Stress:
 NORMAL STRESS:
Although it is relatively easy to use the equation

= , determining the load P is usually a

challenge.
As you begin your study of Mechanics of
Materials, review
the construction of FBDs
the number of independent equilibrium
equations that are available for various force
systems
the writing and solving of equilibrium
equations
 Example:
Two solid cylindrical
rods AB and BC are
welded together at B
and loaded as shown.
Knowing that 1 =
50 and 2 = 30 ,
find the average
normal stress at the
midsection of (a) rod
BC, (b) rod AC.
 Answer:
(a) rod BC

(b) rod AC.

 Example:
The compound bar ABCD consists of three
segments, each of a different material with
different dimensions. Compute the stress in
each segment when the axial loads are
applied.
 Answer:

(a) For segment AB:

= 40 ()

40103
=
14002

= . ()
 Answer:

(b) For segment BC:

= 10 ()
10103
=
20002

= . ()
 Answer:

(b) For segment CD:

= 20 ()

20103
=
16002

= . ()
 Example:
The cross-sectional area of each member of
the truss is 4.2 in2. Calculate the stresses in
members CD and CF.
 Answer:
Stress in member CD using joint D:

=

= 0
54,083.27
=
4 4.2 2
30,000 = 0
2 13
= , ()
= , . ()
 Answer:
Stress in member CF:

=

= 0
9013.88
4 =
10,000 6 6 4.2 2
2 13
6 = . ()
4 =0
2 13
= . ()
 Example:
Neglecting the weights of bars OAB and
AC, determine the stress in the bar AC.
 Answer:
FBD for member BAO:
= 0
3 4
6000 7.5 5 =0
5 5
= ()

6750
=
0.5 2

= , ()
 Example:
A two-member truss supports a block of
weight W. The cross-sectional areas of the
members are 800 mm2 for AB and 400 mm2
for AC. Determine the maximum safe value
of W if the working stresses are 110 MPa for
AB and 120 MPa for AC.
 Answer:
 Example:
The casting shown is
made of steel having a
specific weight of
80 /3 . Determine
the average compressive
stress acting at points A
and B.
 Answer:

P = 8.042 kN

= 64 /2
 Example:
Member AC is subjected to a vertical force
of 3kN. Determine the position x of this
force so that the average compressive stress
at the smooth support C is equal to the
average tensile stress in the rod. Area of AB
is 4002 while area of C is 6502 .
 Answer:

= 1143

= 1857

x= 124
 Example:
A homogeneous 800 kg bar AB is supported
at either end by a cable as shown in figure .
Calculate the smallest area of each cable if
the stress is not to exceed 90 MPa in bronze
and 120 MPa in steel.
 Example:
Determine the cross-
sectional areas of
members CD and DE for
the truss shown in the
figure. The stresses are
not to exceed 20 ksi in
tension and 14 ksi in
compression.
 Example:
Axial loads are applied to the compound
rod that is composed of an aluminum
segment rigidly connected between steel
and bronze segments. What is the stress
in each material given that P=10kN?
 Example:
Two solid cylindrical rods AB and BC are
welded together at B and loaded as
shown. Knowing that P = 40 kips,
determine the average normal stress at
the midsection of (a) rod AB, (b) rod BC.
 Example:
For the Pratt bridge truss and loading
shown, determine the average normal
stress in member BE, knowing that the
cross-sectional area of that member is
5.87 in2.
 Example:
Knowing that the average normal stress in
member CE of the Pratt bridge truss shown must
not exceed 21 ksi for the given loading,
determine the cross-sectional area of that
member that will yield the most economical and
safe design. Assume that both ends of the
member will be adequately reinforced.
 Example:
The 1000-kg uniform bar
AB is suspended from
two cables AC and BD
each with cross-sectional
area 400mm2. Find the
magnitude P and location
x of the largest
additional vertical force
that can be applied to
the bar. The stresses in
AC and BD are limited to P = 50:2 kN, x = 602 mm
100MPa and 50MPa,
respectively.
E