Power Supply Topologies

Type of Buck (Step Down) Multi-phase Buck Boost (Step Up) Buck - Boost (Step Down/Up) SEPIC (Step Down/Up) CUK (Step Up/Down) Forward Flyback Push-Pull Two-Switch Forward Half Bridge Full Bridge
Converter (two-phase example)

IRL
(+)
ID1 ID2
Circuit Q2
Q1
Configuration L1 L2
V1 VO
VIN
IRL
V11 V12
+
CR1 C1 RL VO
- CR2

Ideal
VO t ON VO t ON VO TS 1 - VO t ON D VO V t ON D V N2 t ON N VO N2 t ON N2 D VO N2 t ON N VO N2 t ON N VO N2 t ON N VO N2 t ON N
Transfer ------- - = D
= ------- ------- - = D
= ------- ------- = -------------------
- = ---------------- ------- = -------------------- = ------------ D - ------O- = -------------------- = ------------ ------O- = ----- -------- = -----2  D  ------- = ----- -------------------- = ----- ------------ ------- = 2 ----- -------- = 2 -----2  D  ------- = ----- -------- = -----2  D  ------- = ----- -------- = -----2  D  ------- = 2 ----- -------- = 2 -----2  D 
T S t ON 1D ------- = ----------- N1 TS N 1 T S t ON N1 1 D N1 TS
V IN TS V IN TS V IN T S t ON 1 D V IN V IN 1D V IN T S t ON 1D V IN N1 V IN V IN N1 V IN N1 TS N1 V IN N1 TS N1 V IN N1 TS N1
Function

'I L1 I RL 'I L 1 'I L1 1 'I L1 'I L1 + 'I L2 1 N2 'I L1 N2 1 'I L1 N2 'I L1 N2 'I L1 N2 'I L1 N2 'I L1
Peak I DMAX = I RL + ---------
- I D1MAX = I D2MAX = ------
- + ------- I DMAX = I RL ------------ + ---------
- I DMAX = I RL ------------ + ---------
- I DMAX = I 1 + I RL + -------------------------- I DMAX = I 1 + I 2 = I 1 --- I DMAX = ----- I RL + ---------
- + I MAG I DMAX = I RL ----- ------------ + ---------
- I DMAX = ----- I RL + ---------
- + I MAG I DMAX = ----- I RL + ---------
- + I MAG I DMAX = ----- I RL + ---------
- + I MAG I DMAX = ----- I RL + ---------
- + I MAG
2 2 2 1D 2 1D 2 2 D N1 2 N1 1 D 2 N1 2 N1 2 N1 2 N1 2
Drain Current*
(MAG = Peak magnetizing current.) (MAG = Peak magnetizing current.) (MAG = Peak magnetizing current.) (MAG = Peak magnetizing current.) (MAG = Peak magnetizing current.)

Peak N1 N1
V DS = V IN + V D V DS = V IN + V D V DS = V O + V D V DS = V IN + V O + V D V DS = V O + V IN + V D V DS = V O + V IN + V D V DS = V IN 1 + ----- V DS = V IN + -----  V OUT + V D  V DS = 2V IN (Q1 or Q2) V DS = V IN = V D1 V DS = V IN V DS = V IN
Drain Voltage* N3 N2

I CR1 = I RL  1 D  IR I CR1 = I RL I CR1 = I RL I CR1 = I 1 + I 2 I MAG I RL I MAG D I RL I RL

I CR1 = I CR2 = ----  1 D  I CR1 = I RL I CR1 = -----------  D  I CR1 = I RL I CR1 = ------
- I CR1 ,AVE = I CR2 ,AVE = --------------
- I CR3 = ------
- I CR5 = ------
-
2 2 2 2 2 2
Average
1 1 I RL I RL I RL
Diode Currents* I 1 + I 2 = I 1 --- = ------------ I RL I CR2 = I RL  D  I CR2 = ------
- I CR3 ,AVE = I RL D I CR4 = ------
- I CR6 = ------
-
D 1D 2 2 2

I CR3 = I RL  1 D  I CR4 ,AVE = I RL  1 D 

N3
V = V IN 1 + ----- N2 N2 N2 N2
V RM = V IN ----- + V O
V RM = V IN V RM = V IN V RM = V O V RM = V O + V IN V RM = V O + V IN V RM = V O + V IN CR1 N1 N1 V CR1 = 2V IN ----- V CR1 ,PK = V CR2 ,PK = V IN V CR3 = V IN ----- V CR5 = 2V IN ----- V CR1 = V IN
N1 N1 N1
Diode V RM
N V RM V RM
V RM V -----2 N2
Voltages* CR2 = V IN N ----- N2 N
N2
3 V CR2 = 2V IN V CR3 = V CR4 = ----- V IN 2
V CR4 = V IN ----- V CR6 = 2V IN ----- V CR2 = V IN
N1 N1 N1 N1
N
2
V CR3 = V IN -----
N1

ID1 TS tON

ID tON ID ID ID
ID tON TS
Q1 VDS Q1 Q1 Q1, Q4
Q1 ID
Q1 VIN N2 t VIN N2 t t
ID N1 N1 ID Q2, Q3
I1 VI t ID Q2
ID Q2 VI
tON ICR5
t t t ICRI tON
ID2 ID ICR3
TS TS
TS - tON tON VIN N2 Q1 (VIN+VDI) N2
* N3 N1
ICRI 2 ICRI ICRI TS ICR2 tON
ICR3 t t
Voltage IRL ICRI
I2 t
t
TS
and Current t t
TS tON
t ICR2 ICR4 ICR6
Waveforms TS -tON ILI tON TS ICRI
ILI ILI ICR4 t
ILI ILI ICR3 t t
IL1 VQ1 t TS
ILI ILI TS
ILI VDS VDS tON
t t t VDS 2 VIN Q1 Q1, Q4
IL IL MAX
IL2 ILI Q1
ILI
VIN
IL2 IL MIN IL t t
ILI t
ID-Q1 t
VDS VDS
t VDS 2 VIN Q2, Q3
IL2
VIN N2 Q2 Q2
(VIN) N2VD N1
* For reliable operation, follow VO + VIN + VD N1 VI VIN VIN+VDI
recommendations in data sheets VI VI VI V2 t t
IL
VDS t VDS2
ICRI
and application notes. Continuous t ILI ILI ILI
current mode shown. ILI ILI ILI
t t t t t t
VO + VD
* Phase displacement is TS / n where n is the number of phases. - (VD + VO)

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