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1 ABSTRACT
Switchgears are used in power distribution networks for control and protection of electrical devices to increase
the reliability of the power grid. Within the gas-insulated technology, the current-carrying components are
protected by the insulating gas due to the hermetically closed enclosure. Furthermore a gas-insulated switchgear
is a preferred solution wherever space is a constraint, e.g. in mega-cities, or in aggressive hostile environmental
areas.
The gas-insulated switchgear described in this paper is characterized by environmentally friendly features and
an improved accessibility and thus provides essential benefits for our environment as well as for operation and
maintenance issues. The switchgear is designed for a rated voltage up to 145 kV and a rated current up to
3150 A. It can protect power grids with rated short-circuit currents up to 40 kA. The connection to the station
control can be performed with the standardized communication protocol according IEC 61850 standard.
The compact and modular design of the switchgear enables a quick and easy installation of the substation. Its
new eco-efficient design with an optimized three-phase encapsulation using single-phase insulators reduces the
need for the required insulating gas considerably. Another important feature is the improved access to the drives
from the operator aisle for any inspection control or manual operation. The small bay width of 800 mm enables
additional access corridors without increasing the already low footprint of the complete substation.
Consequently lower operating and maintenance costs can be achieved.
With the switchgear design described here the use of additional buffer gas compartments can be avoided to the
greatest possible extend. The design of the three-phase encapsulated switchgear allows the use of single-phase
insulators which enable a considerable higher differential pressure due to its symmetrical design. The separation
of the disconnector and the earthing switch lead to the design of volume optimized modules and an additional
buffer compartment which is part of each bay layout. This basic design feature enables improved service
continuity using the switchgears built-in solution. Thus, e.g. in case of repairs the service technician is enabled
to replace the circuit breaker interrupter while the busbars are energized. An additional gas compartment is not
required.
A major focus during the development of the switchgear was the minimization of the required insulating gas.
Due to the comparatively small amount of gas used, the required time for evacuation of the switchgear is
significantly reduced. This enables considerable faster commissioning of the switchgear after installation and
even after any maintenance work. Consequently the availability of the entire switchgear is increased.
The technical paper describes the key design features of the switchgear as certain maintenance improvements
and presents the positive impact on the improved environmental performance.
Gas-insulated switchgear, in short GIS, needs only a fraction (about 30 %) of the area and space required by
conventional air insulated switchgear. For applications in areas of high electrical load density, especially in
mega cities and industrial cities, gas-insulated switchgears are an economic solution. Especially in urban centers
required space for an expansion of the switchgear is not available. Therefore switchgear expansion mostly is
done on the fly due to the high requirement on the availability of the power supply as the switchgear cannot
completely be switched off. The replacement of air insulated switchgears by compact, modular gas-insulated
switchgears provide ideal solutions for such requirements. However, due to their compact design and the close
distance of switching components higher efforts are necessary to fulfill the high requirements on the
maintenance and safety concept. In principal those requirements can be realized with a suitable switchgear
layout using additional buffer gas compartments between switching devices.
The ABB range of high voltage gas-insulated switchgears covers ratings and applications from 72.5 kV to
1200 kV matching current and future requirements for modern switchgears. In all installations the equipment
complies with the IEC rules currently in force, thereby meeting nearly all other national or customer own
specifications. As the world's largest demand for gas-insulated switchgear is covered by the ratings up to
145 kV, 3150 A and 40 kA short-circuit current ABB has developed a new three-phase encapsulated switchgear
for sub-transmission. The resulting design enables the execution of maintenance and repair work, while the
substation keeps energized.
3 DESIGN PRINCIPLES
The whole design is focused to minimize the SF6 use and therefore the enclosure is shrinked to a minimum.
Compared to its predecessor, the gas consumption for a complete DBB-layout is reduced nearly in the same way
as it is achieved for the bay itself and sum up to 30 %.
The in-line arrangement of the conductors results in less complexity of the internal structure and leads to the use
of robust single phase insulators which have a superior mechanical performance and a uniform field distribution.
Bursting pressures of partitions are even higher than enclosures. Although single phase insulators need a higher
number of flange connections, the achieved gas tightness is < 0.1 % / a.
Figure 2: Gas schematic of a 145 kV double busbar cable bay according Figure 1. The maintenance earthing
switch is operated in an own gas compartment (built-in solution) between the circuit-breaker and the
bus bar disconnector.
The move from the single motion principle for the interrupter chamber to the double motion principle reduces
the energy required for switching by more than 50 %. This facilitates the reduction of the drive operating energy
as well and enables the use of a compact spring operating mechanism. Torsion springs instead of compression
springs favor an optimal use of the spring energy and the low moving mass as well as the spring principle
reduces the reaction forces to the GIS and thus the dynamic load of the foundation structure. The closing spring
in the operating mechanism generates the required driving force to close the circuit breaker and charge the
opening spring. As such, the mechanical energy needed for the opening operation is always stored in the
opening spring when the circuit breaker is in the closed position. The power unit is characterized by the
following advantages:
Torsion springs for opening and closing
No overcharge of the torsion springs due to a mechanical stop and torque limiter
Trip and close latches are fast acting and vibration proofed
Damping device to retard the motion of the contact system at the end of an opening operation
4 MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR
Criteria Requirement
Extension
Maintain service continuity of the bays adjacent to Gas buffer compartment (C) at the end of each
the extension point during busbar connection bus bar
All the existing feeders shall be energized
Table 1: Service continuity criteria for double-bus bar GIS
The additional buffer gas compartments (A), (B) and (C) facilitates the service continuity criteria according
Table 1. For the "traditional" switchgear layout these additional buffer gas compartments have to be considered
already during the planning phase. A later integration is difficult or impossible due to space restrictions.
Additional gas buffer compartment (B) Separate gas compartment for maintenance
(no shut-down during CB-interrupter earthing switch (built-in solution) keeps busbar
exchange) energized during CB-interrupter exchange
Figure 4: Line-up of traditional (left side) and new (right side) bay design for a 145-kV-GIS
The whole GIS-design is focused to minimize the SF6-use and therefore the enclosure is shrinked to a
minimum. The in-line arrangement of the conductors results in less complexity of the internal structure and
leads to the use of robust single phase insulators which have a superior mechanical performance and a uniform
field distribution. For the expansion of the switchgear an additional gas compartment (C) as indicated in Table 1
can be omitted and an uninterrupted extension of the switchgear is always possible.
In case of the maintenance strategy permits the switch-off of one neighboring bay during the replacement of a
busbar disconnector module or an earthing switch next to the bus bar, the additional buffer gas compartment (A)
is not required. Due to their high pressure resistance the single-phase insulators can be stressed with the full
differential pressure (ambient pressure vs. SF6 gas pressure).
Table 2: Comparison of GIS requirements for different bay designs vs. service continuity criteria
The volume-optimized design of the switchgear impacts all necessary work for gas handling. Compared to the
"traditional" design the time required for evacuating and filling a double busbar bay is reduced by about 50%.
This reduced effort is advantageous during installation and commissioning (I&C), and favors also any necessary
maintenance and repair work on the GIS modules during the operating phase of the gas-insulated switchgear. At
least, essential time consuming work during I&C and maintenance is optimized to a minimum and the outage
time of a bay or even the whole switchgear can reduced to a minimum.
6 CONCLUSIONS
The whole design of the introduced switchgear is focused on a minimized use of SF6. The shrinked enclosure
requires significantly less insulating gas compared to other switchgears with the same ratings. The switchgear
design is compact, enables late customizing and considers already an integrated buffer gas compartment as part
of its basic layout. In the unlikely event of a fault, the operator can react very quickly and restore the
functionality of the substation in a few hours. Depending on the service continuity concept during the
replacement of active GIS-modules at a double bus bar arrangement (disconnector switch, earthing switch, CB-
interrupter) at least one bus bar section can stay in operation, and a safe and reliable power supply is always
guaranteed. As the required time for any gas handling of the switchgear is significantly reduced, considerable
faster commissioning of the switchgear even after installation or any maintenance work is enabled, which
increase the availability of the entire switchgear.
7 REFERENCES