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dwuescznik nr64
maj/czemiec 2017

I LISTA
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 inside EH/2017
A& 4pnow-
This & That
Peope and Lifes1Le
6 Digital Diplomas
(J 10 Dream Companies
1 L Poland in Numbers
Lu 1u r e
17 English Immersion on Stage
@20 Agonising America
Conversation makers
2 LI Hate Speech
Science
28 Proud to Be British
TraveL
31 An Englishman's Home Is His Castle
Leisure
c 3 B Entertainment 3.0 - Escape Rooms
and Geocaching

Language
39 Blissfully Blended Words
41 G is Great!
42 Rack Your Brain!
AnyjjfOnflllSIfIrI01.nT.r,4flt1.
lS1rnflj!fl14,35 pay N1.flT.!0na8011wo10arar...waaow000rn.wo.'.'ru'rao.lflTsP1lm6tIfl6IrnI:

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ENGLISH MATTERS
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Zospoa Nagrania MP3

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OzIlca angleisklngo Oaoldlngham
5250650, nacaelna Studio DTP pr000me0008
dwumlesreoznrlr llaturzdna 0000rukootka .
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Slawomir Kinal KarolinaMazur6ewtz
Miohal Sobaduiri 101 61 833 63 26 wow 111
Douglas Mackenara 31,6, [16540,60 pronumwata@colorlulrrrediapl
01. Lednicko 23, 60413 Poznuh Miotiut Muourkwwca
radakrja@cwIorfwInrodia.pI Darrel Sundlord Pr,jala okladki/odjgclar
Radakcji
101.61 8336328. Jonothar 0180, Maoroala Dornagolalia SlowrnrmnlCna(Ca46oI6ihorol
10k, 61 8336326 WOW. 124 Olsen Dollrarrro 1, or 00163 IOwa... 122
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 This and That

by Katarzyna Szpotakowska

Tunnel of Loveagycgcnas tunnel located near the town of Tianzi Mountains - located in China, named after a leader
Kleven used by yptipics to make wishes and promises of a revolt who called himself 'hand', which means son of
heaven'
gorgeous - lantustyczsy, wspanialy
couple I para to neon sth I cznaczat, znoczyi cot
heaven I nrobirsa, niebo

Wr
Antelope Canyon - a popular sgni for photographers and Naica Mine -located in Mexico, best known for its selenile
nighnnecs in the USA crystals and their extraordinary beauty
spot I to min)scn extraordinary I nadzatsrzojny
sightseer I ________________________

HEngLish -
dogsbodya person who has to do all types of wnrkin an office HR =Human Resources I zosoby sick leave I chorobowe, L4
and is paid low nngp ludzkie employee I pracownik
overheads - the cost of the day-to-day running via business wage I placa, tygodnrousko to pretend I aiawut
remuneration naymnat for work day-to-day I codzienoy
sicklea day of bring on sickleavr (when an usually running I ru. prowodzenie
preten to be sick) payment I ptsc& wynagrndzenie

E.SIiSflmmt=S rio 12n17


What's on TV?
Taboo
A British TV series
with Tom Hardy aired
since the beginning of
2017. It is Del in 19th
century Britain. The main character
returns to London after oggotho several
years in Africa. He is ruthless and seeks
revenge after the death of his father.
Santa Clarita Diet
A zombie comedy star-
ring Drew Banymore.
The story of a suburban
wife, nether and real
estate anent who mysteriously turns into
a cannibal zombie and PIflYIQB itornan
flesh. A mixture of Desoerate Housewives
and The Walking Dead as well as family
comedy,
Westworld
A science fiction TV
series set in an amuse- T.T ffi
ment theme park in
which Deflui:OIi guests
make theirdreams come true with the help
of artificial intelligence and the android
hosts.
aired I rrnitowasy
set I umiejscnwitny
spending I spgdzena
ruthless w.tIas I bezwzglgdny
to seek revenge I szakai zemsty
suburban sat, ban / sabs'rban I miesakajycy
no przndmietnuch
real astute agent I agent nieruthomnici
mysteriously I w talemnczy sposOb
to prey north I poltoaf flu cot
human flesh I ludzkie mrqso
Desperate Ilousewioes I ,10towe flu
wszystku'
amusement themed park I park runrynki
well-off I majytny
to make one's dreams come true
I urzerzywntninf marzenni
artificial I szluczrty
host I gusptdarz
F
verybodyGossips!
Perez Hilton is one whoth ives on juicy blabber and opoged
Hilton was born In Cuban parents in Miami in 1978. At the
beginning of his professional life, he tried acting and journalism. Later on, not of love
for pop culture and glamorous celebrity lifestyles, he oet.tig a blog and epeottioll
became a 'cewebrity' or as he calls himself 'The Queen of All Media'. fijtjtuggli
he has been hated and condemned by many celebs, his blug is read by millions of
internet users worldwide. A reconnisable feature of the content on his website is
pictures of well-known figures with Hilton's handwritten doodles. Perez Hilton is
known for posting controversial news and rude remarks as well as for being biased
yggtttst some selected celebrities. So far, he has written two books Perez Hilton's Red
Carpet Suicide (2009) and the children's book The Boy With Pink Hair (2011). He
has appeared on TV and radio an goggos occasions. Perez Hilton openly ythnjts
to being gay and is claimed to he responsible for goifityg some actors, such as for
example Neil Patrick Harris.
to gossip I plstkowai
to thrine or sib I rozwijoi sig,
rrrkwitaf nagrunrie czagof/
sterpaf z czegti karzyii
blabber I tsrpul. pnplonea,
gadanria
to spread sth I rozpowszechni
cot
rumour I Polka
acting I gsa akflrrska
I dzrnnnikarstwu
to set up nth I zairthy ccs
eventually I w kofcu, cstateczr
although I chcc,az
rnndemned I potypany
recognisable
I charakterystyczny, rozpuznau
feature I rerha, element
content I zawartoib,tret/
doodles I bazgrnly, gryzmnly
rude I niegrzeczny
remark I uwaga
to be biased against sb
I byE uprzedzonym do
kngot
suicide I sarnobijstwo
numerous I urine
to admit I przytnnwnf
outing Ito.
u/awsieflie preferencir
humrseksualnych
 people and Lifestyle

Dgi'LOL DpLomos
by Jonathan Sidor

Even in adulthood, we all strive to develop ourselves digital I cyfrowy, wotoalny

adulthood I doroslot
after our formal education. The Internet has made lifelon to strim to do oth I d4zye do zfrobieroa
learning more accessible than ever. Leap into cyberspace zrgod

with English Matters as we check out where to find courses

lifelong I to: przez tale zycie
to leap into oth I wJukocuyie cod
online without paying a penny.

EIWIISb Matter.6412017
J
ust because you have finished be found on Coursera. In 2015, over 15 "Learning How to Learn," "Inspirational
university or you have a itiahy million people were enrolled jot a Coursera Leadership," and "Photography Basics and
job doesn't mean your education programme. Beyond." Select subjects, on the other hand.
is anywhere near done. Aitnot All classes on Coursera are offered for are far from ggjnggp. "Tibetan Buddhist
of resources on the Internet are free, but certain courses have a special Meditation and the Modern World" in
available to anyone looking to continue paidthggjouhhgjothe "Signarnre'Ifark." particular has been gaining nround of late.
their schooling in ayggfg3y of fields. This ggogis students specialised knowl-
edge in a given field along with a verified Enlightenment at Ed.X
Coursera Is King certificate that can come in It when You may have
In the realm of seekin employment. A standard course noticed that two
online education, can run anywhere from four to ten weeks. esteemed organi-
Coursera is the Students watch uneor two hours of lectures sations, Harvard
current standard- per week, and then complete a hmtdftil of and MIT, are con-
br.fieuwin quizzes and exercises. Many giajorossjg& spicuously absent
2012, Coursera ments are peer-graded, and a web forum from Coursera's
has been estt- facilitates discussion and debate through- list of partners.

g its course -. out the course. For those of us who prefer There's a good
offerings ever to set our own ggg, Cuarsera also has a reason for this.
since its incep- fair amount of on-demand subjects thatcan These titans of
tion. At present, I be completed at a more igjnitrel tempo. higher education -
it is the world's Coursera possesses a joggggflg array teamed up to form
largest gttatiider of courses for people to choose from. Not their own provider of MOOCs, edX, in
of massive open surprisingly, the most popular fields tend 2012. Unlike Coarseon and other rival sites,
online courses, more popularly known to deal with technical matters such as mIX is oyitgiy not-for-profit. While paid
as MOOCs. About 35 percent of MOOCs "Progrannoning" nod "Machine Learning." courses exist, contributions are usedujoejy
are available on Coursera. The website Others, like "Financial Accounting" or tojtjmgciidri new courses and jrnjpgoyg the
boasts partnerships with over 140 uni- "Marketing," have a clear business appli- service as a whole.
versities worldwide, ittniudio the likes cation. A third cluster of courses can be EdX's user base isn't as extensive as
of Princeton. Yale, and Stanford. Qiilot) categorised as self-help topics meant to be Coutsera's, but it's gggj is still impressive.
fjji, gfy 2,000 distinct courses can Pertinent to the real world. These include Over seven million studensto flock to go

rushy I to(ntratny, to tome in hardy I byt uaytecznyrn to include sth I obejmowtt cot
a host of sth I mnittwo to seek sth I szukatczegot ton the other hard I z drugiej strnny
resource I flub employment I zotruinienie ordinary I przeciytny, zczajny
variety I rdzoorodooif to run I tu(byr prowadzonym In gain ground I zyskiwot no
realm (elm I krilnstwo lecture I wykiad p op u Ia in at C I
current I obeoni handful I garif, gor5tku of late I o500tnit
standard-bearer I vqznacznik standurdiw, major I gliwny enlightenment I utwiucenie
hder assignment I zadaoie esteemed I pnwaiany, sranrwnry
setup I znlofovy peer-graded I orenrany przez riwieinikiw/ conspicuously kansprkpuenli I wyroinre
an expand I poszerznh rtzsterzat wspOluczestnrkOw absent I ninobecny
inception I tuzabterie to facilitate sth I ulatwiaf coy to team up I spreymierayc sig, polqczyt
provider I dostawca to set sth I tteustanawiaf cot oily
..liable I dostypr5 pate I tempo purely I czysto
to boast stir I szczycif siy rzymi amount I Iota contribution I ts(datek
including I wtyrn or-demand I no zyczenie solely I jedynle, tylkt i wylycznio
or Input that I ptnadtt leisurely .- perIl I tu:swobodno to jump-start sth I orachomit cot
nearly I prawie staggering I oszolemiajycy to improve sth I olepszy& polepszyi,
a enrolled in sth I przyjyty do izegof array I {szerokt wybir, wacitlorn uoprawnit cot
feature I tpcta cluster I ttegrupa extensive I obszerny
dubbed I natuwony pertinent to stir I istotny reach I zasyg
to grant sb stir I paaraottwat korirui cot w coymi to flock I grornadnit sig

mUlish Matter. t4 12017

the website's collection of 700-pins courses, llohagitbt 440,000 lltngflt students tinted
which are produced by a nntwodi ontPriote its,to a lecture on "Understanding IELTS"
hill 70 member institutions. The structure conducted by The British Council.
of lessons at edX is quite similar to that at A fourth option
Conosera. Short video tutorials are simple- for e-learning is
usented with interactive exercises. Students Udacity, which
alsoitaveotilinetexlhnoks,discnssronboanis, originally looked
and labs at their disnosal. Certificates are to challenge the
banded Out after the completion of a course, other MOOC
I UDACITY
but edX leaves is on to individual institutions giants head-on,. I
to determine whether or not university credit Upon its creation
can he obtained. in 2012, Udacity LJ t' E1
EdX was the brainchild of a group offered university-
of scientists, and it stays true to its slyle lessons very
scientific roots. Several courses, such
as "Circuits and Electronics" and
simitarin nature to
those of Coursera I
[oil I
"Computer Science," are probably best or edX. Overtime, however, it has shifted
for tech-savvy learners. Even so, a wide gears to focus more on practical, vocational
yggjgy of courses from disora areas of courses that can give job seekers a boost
study are available as well. "Philosophy" in their professional lives. Instructors are
and "Justice" have become popular hits
over the years. If you're ccriyjtiggtsjrkier a network I sief
subjects, then look no more. E4X deliv- surpassing I Lu przekrarralyc, przewyzszujqc
ers guggia e in oddball categories like lrczbi
"Science and Cooking," "Hollywood," tutorial tja tt rai/ ft hrral I irstruktai Ikrok
and "Chinese Thought." ru kruku tak cot zrubicl
tube supplemented with sth I byc
The Rest of the Pack uzupein anym az/mi
Coursena and at inc's diSpnsal I du ezyje$ dyspozyrii
edX may domi- handed nut I wniuzany
nate completion I ukufczer
Future to leone 5th up to oh I pozustawiai cot ksunui
Id eryzj 5/
your only choice to determine sth I a/ref ccci, zdecyfuwat
by any stretch ocryrni currently I cleave
of the imagina- obtained I azyskany duinr to fame I ponid du chuaty
tion. The third- brainchild I purrysi to hunt I guiui
largess site for tech-savvy teisrear I nbyty z terhrakq audience A, I ru:auiyssrium
online courses is F- aariety I riznorodeuif to attend nih I urzqszrzai flu cat, brat udriuf
FutureLearn, a (] disparate I odmierrty, rizny w czymt
platform that bails to craw sth I puliqdai czegoi oroughly I zgrubsaa
from the UK. It is wholly owned by The quirky I dzrony, dz nocany prudent I ru. przezurfly, rozwazny,
Open University in England, and a huge tutelage i/u 51431 tutu Id3 I oauczarse to tune in to sth I pod/czyi sig do czegos
chunk of its more than 80 partners are oddball I dziwny, sretypuwy conducted I pruwadzuny
British. Pmoninenthodigs that operate out- by any stretch of the imagination I to challenge Sb I rnucai knmui o,yzwalie
side the sphere of academia, like the British ruw zadnej rnierze, z pewnoscly no heed-on I bezpuirndnio. z determirieciq
Museum, are members. FuiureLearu is to hail from 0 I puchsdzrf 2 to shift gear to IX graft) I gir I pnzrstawri
currently the fastest-growing MOOC wholly 1w pt/ni Sri
provider out there, with an assortment of owned I posudafly to focus an sth I kuncertrruaf sig/skupiat
students of around three million. Its claim chunk I tarznacznaczgif sig flu [zyrni
to fame is hgsijtig the largest audience to prominent I wVbitny vocational I zawuduny
ever aiggtjda single online course session. body I lu instytacjo boost I Lu. pnzewzga, zacta

fl.uI.h MatSe.. t4l2t17

 English Matters to wicej
ni tylko magazyn
often encouraned to serve as personal coaches and give rniir- Slnwniaaki pray Cod repu
made f eedback to individual participants. Well-liked courses kaidyrrr tekicie SlaOy do pobrania/odsiarbania plika
include "Computer Science," "Artificial Intelligence" and 'Web Ole otwleruJ a nagraniem antykalu.
sloweika,
Development." A paid service known as Nanodegree, meant przotlnimaczune
to give users the low-down on basic programming skills, is an sf6wka i zwroty f 7h~k
4
accelerated tool that can assist you in ottyighing an entry-level
analyst position at almost any major corporation. At the moment,
Udacity's membership is hovering around the two-million -
person mark.
lithe big names don't suit you, the list of online platforms
goes on and on. Other popular providers include Canvas
Network, which em some experimental teaching techniques.
Lynda.com, owned by Liokedin, has a massive video library
of tutorials that give training in a range of artistic and profes-
siooal skills. For those aept.iti other languages, Miriada X and Artykut vniqaVha Nannerasia kolamn ntnwnlcoek
FUN are the largest internet instructors in Spanish and French, angleiskirn pornaga udnnledf SlAwka i owroty
teiwka, stOre noslaly prznttamarzone proetkurnaceofle
resoectively. On any site, variety is clearly the time of the game, prznttamaraone, s4 slOwka nujgzyk polskr,do
so finding a topic perfect for you should ben niece of cake. podkreflone. noitrudnieiszych

fonetycana.
Time to Hit the Books ______

The advent of MOOCs has come about not just because of

impressive technological advances. For many people, traditional
brick-and-mortar education simply doesn't cot it. It maybe
incompatible with doy-to-day life, and skvrocketinn costs have
posed ahinragice for some. Free internet education could deft-
nilelybe asigpig of life in the future, so it's high time to get used
to it today. Don't become a laggar who bemoans new-fatigued Dodatok
technologies. Whether it's something serious or just for fun, sign tematyceny,
up for a course that catches your fancy today. U liSta shook,
ankusa pnacy
dia nautnyciela
Wnoystkie
o encouraged I znrhyrony I radeilcie
advent of sth 000atk:
tailor-made I tudopasnwanyl rostano rzegoi pobiereesa
advance I poslyp Zn strony
dostnsnwony do indywidualnych
magazyrra.
patrzob brick-and-mortar I doalajycy
feedback I informacja w stalej siedzibie, new
zwrotna Interrecie
artificial I sztuczny doesn't cat 101 ne
low-down on sth satysfakcjnnuje, nie zadnwala
I rajwaaniejsze niormaqe na day-to-day I codz erny
temot ruegni skyrocketing I aawrntny, Strnna magazynu:
accelerated I przyiplrsznny nszalamiajqry englishrnattens.pl
hindrance I praeszkoda
Fanpaga no Focebonbu-
to snatch sth I luzaJyE col
faceboak.cam/ematters
to havan I wahaf siy staple I pndstawa Zeskzrraj kind QR tolafoennn/
tobletern I odsinirhal vngrnO
to salt sb I odpowiadaf, pasuwai laggardI yjzdrala MP3 gdzokolis ekjestei.
humus to bemoan sth I uplakiwaf cut Przyk+adown nplikarjo to
to go on and on I ciqgnyt siq new-tangled I nuanmodny, skanowania lrodAis QR
to employ sth I stussssaf cot wyrnyilriy zsaldziesz Ca
adept in sth lb egt w uzyrvi In sign up for sth I zapisaf slq colattulnnedia,pl/oeytnik
lak pobnal szyhku kod MP3?
respectively I odpnwledrin na cci OtwOrz uplikue1y Okra pozwoi
a piece of take I lateuzea, bulka to catch one's fancy I byc onskanoziai kod yg
a maslem. pestko Interesujycyri die kugut Zbl:2 karueng swalega telefanu
tak ubyobeierowa+oealy
obrao body QR
Zaskanal kod a pa rhanli
Oby pobraf MP3,ta opine otrzyrnasz gotowe nagnanie
kod cyfrowo-lutaro do odtwonzen a
 Dreom CompoNes :
by Owen Williams

A well paid job where you can change the future, eat top-quality free food, and also have
a sleep if you're feeling tired! Sound too good to be true? For some people, this dream
has become a reality.

re you reading this at work? on while reading. Sorely this makes the to have a little nao at work! Such compa-

R
Matters
&it you allowed to read English
inthe office daring corn-
paoy time, or does it have lobe
iltining a break? Imagine work-
ing for a company which always lets its
employees read not only informative mag-
azioes like English Matters but any maga-
zioe, honk or even comics! These places
even provide hammocks and sofas to sit
employees tired you may ask? Not aprob-
lees; the offices even allow their employees
Dwell paid I dobte platnv
,lobe allowed to do sIb I mei pozoolere na
z/robrenie reegot
during 5th ?jrern0 I 'toot sIP I podezas rzegoh
break I przerwo
employee I pracownik
oiesdo exist and the perks don't stop there.
Along with a great atmosphere and cool
to preside oth I zapaerniab cot
harnrrrork I burnt
son have a little nap I zdrzemngi sic, ucI5i
sobro krdtkp droerriki
perk I drdatkewu koreyti, dodatek do
wynagrodzenla, dodatkowe uposazonie

2 3

The majority of the companies

which have the unusual but
beneficial work style are relatively
young businesses based in America.

StartUP ,

p1 ' nenoeseEt
1'

Startup Magazine
Wszystko da Twojej firmy
and cool colleagues, there are workspaces
where a high quality free lunch is provided
daily, dedicated doctors work oosite to give
free medical care, there are games rooms
and yoga classes. Some companies even
give employees massages at work! Om top
of all that the salaries are high tool Sound
good? Well, whether you're reading this
at work, home, on the train or wherever,
read onto find out all about these amaz-
ing firms.
Types of Companies
The majurily oldie companies which
have this unusual but beneficial work
style are relatiyely young businesses
based in America. They riminly operate
in the technology itimty and are large,
global enterprises with many employees
around the world, but headquarters (HQ)
in California, USA. These HQs are more
than an office, they're bigger even than an
entire office building. They are large com-
plexes of buildings built for the respective
Y
businesses at costs measured in billions of
dollars. They include recreational facilities
as well as work places, and are affection-
ately called "campuses" like universities
are. The atmosphere and style of these
companies is epitomised and exemplified
in these Fl Qs, but that's not to say it doesn't
exist in other branches around the world;
in most cases, it is company itilico which
is present in all locations some just have
better facilities to exploit it.
Google
The search enuiue turned internetgistt.t
is the most well-known site with amazing
workplace benefits. They csrqabuut their
employees from birth to death, with perks
rauninu from generous oarental leave.
to valuable bereavement packages! The
monetary bonuses include a lump su
for employees who have a baby, and much
higher salaries than gygtgg_e. There's also
holiday and work leave advantages like
extended parental leave, or the option to
take time off for further education (paid
for hyGongle). In the office there are many
reasons it's a dream place to work, such as
nusite gardens, comfortable furniture and
childcare facilities. Around campus, there
are ever more perks like yoga sessions, r turned ath I zm entry u cti
giant d3asuet I ggau
a colleague hr I y I huh s I kulrgaz procy to rare about sb I dbuf r kugnf, troszrzyf sit
dedicated I utfany, zoarigazuwarly from birth no death I nd narodzin do imietc
medical care I opieka medyczeta ranging from I In? I ubelmujqcy zakresem
or top of that I na dudatek, puza ryrrr ad Xdr S
salary I wynatrodarriie, peus;a parental lease I tu:unlup rraoerayiskit
whether I cz tacierzyrnski
majority I ayksznif valuable I rennywartulciowy
relatively j wzglydnie bereavement package bfri.vmant pwktd
mainly I gldwnie I pakiet zwiyaariy z zaluby
technology trk'euladi tekrailad31 to include 5th I zaw erat cut
I techrulugis lump sum I tulndnorazowa wyptata duel
industry I przemyst, brauaa kooty
enterprise I rwfirma, przeds ybrurstwe average I przeclqtny
headquarters I gldura s edziba work leave I ur op
n to be epitamised I byf ausrbiunym, advantage ad'soritsdt I ad ateritidt I kurtyff
przejaw af sit extended I praedfsztny
branch I galyi onsite I dustypny na nietscu
ethos 1005 I i On:s lefts cunrfortable 'kemtabl I kurvtatabl I svygudny
facility I tdugtdniertie furniture I meble
search engine 53 tf! st:rtf enitin rhildcareyacilities I udugudnierou zwlyruuo a
I ayszukiwarka up eky nod dzieckiem
india Matte.'. talons7
dedicated doctors, climbing walls and
other recreational eooioment. Finally, the
biggest draw of this employer is the work
environment. Google is constantly looking
to httgtove its employees' well-being and
job satisfaction, even encouraninu work-
ersist spend 20% of their time working on
innovative ideas that interest them. With
such good care taken of all the 5jgff, eve-
ryone is happy to be at work and glad to
be part of the Google team (if they're not,
there's an onsite psychologist to help!) This
creates a working style and atmosphere
which breeds employee satisfaction, but
also boosts camaraderie and productivity.
Like!
Employee happiness is the (outa at
Facebook. The top management want
their employees to like being at work, just
as they encourage people to like things
online. Social networking platforms now
account for around a gtlyt2gg of all time
spent online, with Facebook being the
most popular site. This means a lot of time
also needs to be spent at Facebook HQ
running the organisation. What betterway
to encourage people to spend many hours
on campus than to make it a place where
they are happy?! Perks of the job include
free gourmet meals, drinks and snacks
medical cover and savines schemes. The
private health care provided caters for all
possible problems the employees could
o climbing wall klapmtt wil I irma
wspinaczkowa
equipment I aptsazenIe
draw I ta:atrakcja
to improve sth I p0 epsrai, ulepszaf cot
to encourage sb to do sth I zachgcaf kogol do
z/robieroa czegni
staff I zespil
to breed sth I radastarczalczegoi
to boost sth I ushered cut
camaraderie kolezeistwo, poczucie wigz
ko ezenskrch
focus I skupienre
quarter I judnaczworta
to ran sth I ru:prowadzie 00k
gourmet meal I ahimien te/delikatestwe dane
snack I praekyska
Indeed, Apple employees net free
I gggaki_e of contributing to a team, or offer-
apples at work. The fruit, flat the
prodentot
have, from needing glasses to undernoinn
Stnlitit3P. Aswith Google, thguglt, one of the
biggest reasons people dream of working
for the world's largest social media plat-
form, is the work atmosphere. Employees
share different style of work at Facebook.
Most of the staff are young people with
original, innovative ideas and a global
thinking outlook. They are encouraged
to meet weekly to discuss work problems
medical cover I ubezpierzenie med ycene
savings 5cheme sonnets sip no I pan
oszczydrnic owy, system oszczydzar a
to cater for sth I tdptwiadai no cot
7 t undergo surgery I zostaf pnddaoym
operaqi chi rsrgicznej
though liednok/ze
to share sth I dzielii mi
outlook I pogqdy
a improvement I usprawriienne
founder I zoltzqciel
to attend sth I uczesloiczyf w czymi
concern I troska
indeed I w rzerzy samej
substantial Ira pokainy, znaczny
discount I zoizka
software I OprtframoWae
EnglIsh MaU.rs 6412017
or suggest improvements. The founder
Math Zucherberg is known to attend these.
meetings, listening and addressing such
concerns, as well as answering questions
on his view of the world.
How'd You
Like Them Apples?!
Indeed employees get free
apples at work. The fruit, not the prod-
acts! Substantial discounts oniPods, [Pads,
iPhones and Macs are also offered though.
This is just one of the many benefits of
working for the software giant. Along
with that, there is a dream environment
in the office; Apple only eoipiay the best
and the brightest, resulting in colleagues
and managers who are all competent and
ing gyjge and toiggaci. The company
is also praised for its excellent training,
which it provides at the start of the career
and on no no-going basis, helping work-
ers to pttogtgiss in the company. The staff
at Apple are, on averone a bit older than
the employees of their competitors. This is
seen as an advantage by many who believe
the extra experience gives them a different
attitude towards their work. This attitude
itnaytly depends on the feeling of mak-
ing a contribution to the world. Whereas
Google ideas help shape the modem world,
Apple products contribute significantly to
many people's lives. The workers at Apple
to employ sb I zalrpidopaf kotol
capable kerpabl I zdo fly
to contribute to sth I poiti wont wkyad,
proycoyniad srg do czegot
advice I rode
support I wparcie
praised for sth I chwolony za cut
on an on-going basis I on bieiyro
to progress I robid posnypy
on average I zozwyczoj przeciytole
competitor I knrkureot rywol
attitude towards sth I naslawien e wobec
czegot
heavily Ito is znaczycyrn stopolu
to depend on sth I za ezef od czegoi
to shape sth I ksztaltowat cot
significantly I zoaczyco
 rejoice n knowing that something they
helped make is bringing so many people
enjoyment. Creating products loved by
so many, and feeling like you're making
a difference in the world is akey aspect of
Apple's appeal.
Driving and the Rainforest
Tesla Motors is a rather unique com-
pany. It's the only one in the world which
ciyirn_s to be "making electric cars sexy."
The whole ethos of Elon Mask and his
organisation revolves around changing the
future through ecological solutions. For this
reason, the wtrridotie are mostly people
who share similar ideologies and therefore
relish in the unoortonity to wook bra place
where they can drive the world to a better
future. This is the math appeal of resin: a
company which demands long boors from
its employees, but tetranls them with a
shared vision, passion and belief. A simi-
larly demandinti company is Amazon. It
requires staff Input in long henry but also
rewards them with many financial incen-
ifxre and career opportunities. Health care
packages are also offered by Amazon,
something which it greatly anttreciated
in the USA. These employees will soon
also have a very unusual perk - Amazon
is growing a huge facility of exotic plants,
pieiy for its employceslo use. It's an online
retail cumnuny called Amazon, which is
creating a small amazon for its staff.
The Last Advantage
With all the companies mentioned, there
are a host.itf benefits on offer, from relaxa-
tion places to the opportunity to change
9 t rejoice in ath I cieszyf sfi cryxi
appeal I arok, prwab
rainforest I ins deozoarwy
to rtainr I tsserdzii
to rename around 5th I lotcif sit urkifczegui
workforce I rita robnrza, prtencjat iudzki,
prarownicy,aasoby
, iudzkie
In relish In 5th I rrzkrszowaf sly czyrni,
delektowaf sir czyrri
opportunity I sposobroif
to demand 5th I aryrnaguf rzegrk
In reward oh I wyrtgraf ref kogri
the world. Each business has an appeal to
the people working there, while for others
these are only places to dream of work-
ing. There are even benefits to leaving
these companies; they make it easier to
get employment elsewhere. After all, if
someone is leaving such a good company
to join a new one, they most really value
the new opportunity. Having worked for
one of these global leaders also thaws that
the individual isexpaninly capable, as they
must be a dream employee to have worked
for one of the world's dream mmpanies.0
demanding I w-ymogajycy
incentive I mrrywarja, budzier,czyrnik
rortyisuryJry
health care package I pakiet zdrrwntiry/
rpieki rdrrwrtnej
it appreciated I ctrriory
solely I jedymia
retail company I firma zajmutyca SI
sprzedozy detaliczrq
host of oth I mnistwn rzegai
ii employment j zatrudsienie
extremely I wy(qtkrwr

REIILAW

Slownik medyczny Powienc

angielsko-polski science fiction
i polsko-angielski r StOW NIK z cwiczefliami

Slownik medyczny In
MEDYCZNY I The Eldritch Club

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 MP3
IoL't 101

kd dstpu. r9y
ghsmattrspI

PoLond in [lumbers
by Anna Buczko
mistrz
Aces at fore eign languages, or foreign language losers? Have I oby
Poles become more proficient as foreign language users, or lose, I edorijda

is it quite the opposite? The current issue of English Matters

reveals the whole truth about our grasp of foreign languages. I
grasp of otIs wfodae,zyrof

English Matters 64]2017


D
uriosowiedgeuf foreign laoguages
has definitely changed over the
years. When we look back at for-
eign language education in Poland,
that is before the breakthrough
of 1989 when the system transformation
took otace. mainly Russian and German
was taught in schools (Russian gugytijied.
English and French were also studied, but
thenamberoflearnetsilcgtiitjttg them was
considerably smaller compared to those
who took comes in Russian.
The change of government in Poland
bmoght about a number of political, eco-
nomic and educational changes associ-
ated with Poland's opening up to Western
Europe. Polish schools had to respond to
fotthconunn chalienees, one of wldch was
the gosbong demand for foreign language
tttosteslr 090wiE for Western Eumpeanlun-
gauges. Accorstina to the Central Statistical
office ofPoland,aithooglshs 1993/94itwas
stilt Russian that dominated Polish schools,
1997/98 saw dramatic changes when
English finally took the lead in Poland,
and was the unquestionable leader over
other languages.
Foreign Languages in
Europe - the Current
Situation
By and tame, in Europe pupils are
aned between six and nine ygaecgLd when
they begin learning a foreign language in
state schools. According to the report pre-
pared by Eurydice, Key Data on Teaching
Languages at School in Europe - 2012,
although foreign languages now cogsdlorr
part of the cutoiculurn, only about 10% of
total teaching time is ggygd to foreign
languages. In many European countries
students learn two foreign languages for at
leastoneyeaeduringcomnulourvedncatinn.
The second language is very often iitlln
gggj later on, so students speak it worse.
It comes as no surprise that English
is the most commonly taught language
in Europe at all educational stages (it's
an njsijgaitsty language in 14 countries).
In the rngjgi of countries, the second
most popular language is gfijgr German
or French. White German is mainly learnt
How Well Do Poles Know
Foreign Languages?
none two foreign
W languages
one foreign three foreign
language languages
in Eastern or Central Europe, French is
predominantly taught in southern parts
of Europe. Spanish is usually chosen as
the third or fourth most commonly taught
foreign language.
In Poland, one obligatory foreign lan-
guage is introduced as early as in the first
gg of primary school, namely English.
The second foreign language is introduced
in the first grade of lower secondary school.
How Well Do We Know
Foreign Languages?
For many years English has been the
king of foreign languages in Poland, and it
does net seem to he willing to abdicate the
throne, but does the fart that the majority
of Poles learn English mean that we realty
know the language? What about other for-
eign languages? Let's find nut.
In 2015, TNS Poland,a research agency
which carries nut Minion nulls, conducted
a survey with the aim of finding out how
well Poles know foreign languages. One
thousand people aged fifteen and over
were questioned about their knowledge of
languages. The results indicated that about
38% of the people interrogated declared
that they knew one foreign language, 15%
claimed to know two foreign languages, No
tnglt.fl MattersOaliOil
n knowledge I wledza
breakthrough I poe/on
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state school I srkota punstwawa
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curriculum ka nrkjalum I program nauczanla
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przewozoiycei mienze
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and 3% asserted that they know more than
three. 440% declared that they did not know
any foreign languages.
The majority of resoondents claim to
know English (57% of those who claim
to know more than one foreign language
know fiat a basic level). The second most
popular foreign language is Russian-34%
of the respondents questioned claim to
have elementary knowledge of Russian,
11 % declare knowing it quite well. The
third foreign language in the mainstream
is Gertuan - it is spoken by 3896 of those
who intifitibi they have knowledge of at
least one foreign language.
The survey data, however, does not
pggyg clearly whether we really are better
foreign language users, or the results are
just a matter of our increased self-esteem.
The report prepared by the Central Sta-
tistical Office of Poland in 2015 (Quality
of Life in Poland. 2015 edition) indicates
that about 45.8% of Poles claim to know a
foreign language communicatively (it helps
them to meet their basic language needs).
That corresponds withthe report prepared hy
the Rundsiad Research Institute (on the basis
ofthe results ofpoils conducted byMillward
Brown in six big cities in Poland), according
to which 49.6% of the interviewees (if
4000 people questioned) claim to have
elementary skills in one foreign language.
According to the report, English appears to
be the most widely known foreign language
in Poland - 17% of respondents assert that
they know it well, or they even boast abont
language omficiency, while rti1oi1 5%
state they are proficient in Gemnan. When
a to assert that... I twierdniE/utrryrvguai, or.
respondent I ankietuwany
mainstream I gif wry null
to maintain I strzyrnynsof
to prune sth I adouodn,af cis, dowodzif
Co ego I
whether I rig
increased I podcisrooy
self-esteem I somoacena
interviewee Irltaulu I tntarojU:
I onketuwony
aatnfn I ax
to appear Ito ueydawaisg
it comes to elementary communication
in foreign languages, English again tuniss
the hinhest. Roughly 131% of respondents
declare knowing Russian at a basic level
(the second language after English), Getman
comes next in this category.
Foreign Languages
- Plain Sailing?
It seems that learning foreign lan-
guages does not fill us with iitnu any-
more. The data mentioned above gives
on some reasons to remain optimistic - it
is not so bad with our foreign language
proficiency. However, because only about
17% of us claim to be proficient foreign
language users, there in still lots to do.
We do hope that reading English Matters
will be of meat assistance to all those who
wish to become aces at using English.
Bibliography:
Cereal Otalntcal Office of Poland. 'Qoality of
Lile in Poland. 2015 edcom'lctp:IIstataos.pt/esxopirn/
lislog rond.unnsllismg-rmdiriuen/qsalliy.of-hfn.u-
wlmd-2ulseditiony,2.lunl.2015.tyfib. U Jan. 20t7.
Eurydice. 'Key Data on Teaching Laoncaoen
at School in Europe - 2012 Edition hOp:lleaceo.
ec.eoenpa.euleducauoolnorydire/docnments4cey
date nenienl143uN.pdf. 2012. Steb. 303m.2017.
Rondstod. Do the Polish speak foreign
languagen?'hnp:/trunnno.rnndscad.pllabuat-randsradf
ainui-unlnewrfdo-the-polish-speok-toeeige-lon-
fuagen/. 2510. Web. 12 Jan. 2017.
wthbleesin-pevlal K.. and L Staohmouska,
own: Plefreeneje icoykowe niodnety polsldei
olursinuumlnunanji.issll-1999.sindiausrepqstie
t, pp. 99 ttt.
to boast about 5th I szcrynf Siy chualti sly
language proficiency I biegloki w
poslugiwanlo sic lorykiom
roughly rrfl I mn:ej wiqcei. r grubsra
a to rank the highest I zamowaf naeqzsri
puZyujc
plain sailing I bulka z reaslerv, pestkn,
latwuna
to filch with sth I napeiniuf kofof czyus
dread I 10k obaoa trwoga, strumS
to be of great assistance to ski byf din kogof
snielky porrocy
English Matters subtly
Vocab Trainer
Al work you maybe asked to describe
information on graphs. In order to
describe small changes, use adjectives
or adverbs:
gotaiss for example, Prices rosegeutly
through the year.
gretigully for example, Sales increased
gradually from June to August 2014.
oijghd for example, Theprices of oil
have been fg((fgg slightly since May
2016.
5lQoil , for example, BME'n sitato
gyfe has been going op steadily for
the loot three months.
In order In describe big changes, use the
following adjectives or adverbs:
1iaggegl for example, Prices rose
suddenly in April 2015.
SiturPilo for example, Sales increased
sharply from June to August 2014.
dramatically, for example, The prices
of oil have been (Idling dramatically
since May 2016.
gigi, for example, BME's share price
has been going up a lot for the last
three mouths.
in order to I oby,eby
gently I dcl katnie
to rise) wzrastat
gradually I stopntown
slightly I lekko
to fall I spudof
steadily I miurowo, rfwnomlernle
share prim I ceno akcji, ceno adzialu
suddenly I naglu, znienacka
sharply I ostx, gwaftownie
alto I daft, sport
EngLish Immersion on Roge
by Katarzyna Szpotakowska

English Matters talks to Don Allen, the founder of Krakow King's Players theatre, the
cradle of entertainment, wisdom and total immersion in the English language.

When people come to see us, I'd like them

to fool as though they've escaped from
their lives and they're folly immersed in the
story and emotion of the characters,
a

English Matters: Could you tell EM
readers how Krakow King's Players
theatre began? How long have you been
nerfornmto in KrakOw?
Don Mien: During the summer of 2015
I had a strong desire to see some theatre.
But I discovered there was nothing for me
in English, not in Krakow, not in Warsaw!
My immediate thougt was, what a great
onnurlunily! SoIfettttg KrakOw King's
Players. Our first performance took place
within two months of the idea so, I'm sure
you can appreciate, it was a crazy lime!
EM: What is the unique allure of the
theatre and what makes you so passion-
ate about it?
DA love theatre! It's a very special place
and I feel two strong, oggositig, emotions
calmomisand uxWernerell Ilovethe fact thatyrm
canbeicdreepelmig,ssthea2cessuycuran
mallyfeettheirmo000mandmcigy. Arid tlove
dofogitItowwoddcgssithulresarolgetting
thmntohuildandinmrovetheniselvosmaclo,n.
o immersion I zanurzenie si)
founder I zo!ozcial
cradle I kolebka
entertainment I ruzrska
wisdom I rodroi
to perform I wystqpowaE,dawai przedstaw:ersa
In discover 5th I rdkri cog
immediate I natycbmizstuo
thought I mygl
opportunity I spusobnola
to bond 5th I zaluryf :ui
performance I Wv5t5p
to take plum I rued roiejscu
within 0 months I w ngu I ruusi0ry
to appreciate sth I docenri cog
allure 1:oe(r) / a/or I powab, urok
a opposing I przeciwstawny
calmness kumnas I spukfj
excitement I pofekscytowanie
proximity I bliskodf
to get sOlo do 5th I skioniaf kogud do
z/robienra [zegof
to improve oneself I podnosiE swIl pocorn,
rozwIjai 515

0001isS Manors 641017

 EM: What skills do you practise
with the actors? How to you help them
to blossom?
DA: First, actors teed to know how to
move around the stage and how to stand. It
sounds ridiculous bali oust me, there is spe-
cial way. Then, we have to start revealing the
layers (the emotions) of the charactersand
that'sthebaopartlgcaolookeasy the
same way we imagine driving a Formula 1
racing car looks easybut once you fly, you
woo discover just how difficult it really is.
As a ghggfrg I nut a treat deal into each
actor's perfonnance, I will show them how
to move, how they should say their hoas, or
question them about their motivation (for
doing things). In some cases the actors then
start to grow and develop themselves and
that's the best point to be at! But directing is
haul workholding everyone together and
trying to gel them to deliver the performance
you're happy with.
EM: What do you offer to gghjg
audiences, and how can Itendgm ben-
efit from visiting the theatre? How do
you combine PIdM 51111, h workshops?
DA: My aim is quite simple - t want
Krakow King's Players ttegletiainpeople.
But this doesn't mean performing only
comedies. When people come In see us,
I'd like them to feel as thong they've
escaped from their lives and they're fully
immersed in the story and emotion of the
characters. KrakOw King's Players are also
unique because, after each performance, the
actors return to the stage and share a qnes-
tint and answer session with the audience
- and reveal the highs land lows) of the
ushearsa period.
Young people benefit because of the
style of language we use. And one par-
ticular pubis that has been important in
making us popularwith our audience is our
style of writing. All our plays have been
written by English writers but, because
nut actors are from Poland and othercoun-
tries (Bulgaria, Croatia France, India,
Netherlands, Slovakia, UK, USA), they
have helped us to amend the dialogue so
we can be better understood.
A lot of our audience also feel they
want tones involved and be a part of the
process, and an ideal opportunity for them
is taking part in our acting workshops. No Will
People ggegthgg the workshops have the
Remember that, in most cases, it is a
opportunity to work with a professional
mistake to use the aaili verb 'will'
director, work in English and find outwhat
in clauses starting with 'if', 'when', 'as
it takes tube an actor.
soon as' 'until', e.g.
We run acting workshops it high
If you want a ticker, you have to buy it
schools and also in groups for individuals.
from me.
We also have a unique workshop that gives
As soot as I arrive home, I lake a hut
everyone the opportunity to be directed hurls.
by a professional director and tiggeay in a
play - so you can get to experience, first auxiliary op :11,011 I Eu posilkowy
hand, what it feels like. {czasrwrik)
EM: How often do you perform? as soon os I tdv5vr
DA: At least one weekend every until I az Idol
month, and as we attract more theatre
utitiea and begin to tour, this will What criteria do you take into account
increase. It's also very nice that people when choosing the plays to be staged?
have heard of KrakOw King's Players DA: We choose ourplays based on one
and we are now being invited to perform simple questionare they entertaining? We
in theatres. musthelieve that the audience will enjoy the
EM: The plays pggggd in the theatre enpecienceufppgodjtrgtheir(valnoah(e)rinne
deal with difficult subjects such as, for watching us. If we believe the answer is
example, death, betraval or salvation. yes and it's entertaining, then we will do it!
3 t blossom I rrzkw,tai, kwitryf highs and lows I szlrty i upadk:
to move around sth I ptraszai sly yr caymi rehearsal 51 I pniba
ridiculous rfdmkialas I aabawne, imleszre, Croatia cs cr10 I Chorwacja
idiotytzrre Netherlands I Holamdra
to reveal sib I odlrrpuat cot to amend sth I ulepszyi cot
layer Irma(:) /lea(r) I worsswa to get involved I byd zaangoowunim
acting I wystypowarle, grarie 4 t attend sth I uczysrczof flu cot,
director I to: mci yser uczestnimzyf wozymi
to put a treat deal into sth I praykiadaf daly to find not sth I dow:edzoi sly czegoi
wagy do caegoi to run sth I fa:prowadzc out
lines I koesse to appear I pojawif sit
rose I !u. pmzypadek first hand I z plersszrj ryk:
to deloor sob I frr: stworuyi rot at least I co rajmniej
adult I dorosly venue 'vrnlu: I mie)sce (np koncertu,
audionre odians I publiczortt,wrdowera sposkania)
teenager I sos:olatek to Increase I woraslaf, sosryt
to benefit from sth I koszystaf z coegri invited I zaprosarri
to combine sth with sth I lyczyf cot z rayon staged I wystaarrasy
workshop I oorsztrs death I trr:eni
aim I tel betrayal I zdsoda
On entertain ob I bawif kogot, dnstas:zai salvation I mbaw:eeie
komot roznywki sto take sth into account I brat rot pod
as though I akgdyby owogy
to escape from sth I oriec z cregof /td ozegot On enjoy sth I cieszyt sly z czetot, czurpaf
immersed loath I zanurzooy w :zymi z rzegot radott
to share sth I dz:el,i sly czymt spending I :ospydzooie
answer onsairl / wIser I odpowledz valuable I cenny
English Matters 6a 12017
 EM: What is your favourite British
play?
GA: Ilsigh one! I'm going to say, The
Woman In Block. The story of a lawyer
obsessed witha curse that he believes has
been cast over him and his family by the
spectre of a Woman in Black, ongugun a
sceptical young actor to help him tell his
itysifing story and onQtci the fear that
grills his soul. It all begins innocently
enough, but then, as they reach further into
his darkest memories, they find themselves
caught twin a world of eerie marshes and
ntnasiin winds.
I've seen it a few times and I'm
impressed by itthere are only two actors,
it's a great story and you're dalittitel enter-
rained (and grsitdl). It's very good.
EM: How does the work of an actor
in the theatre differ from what TV
actors do? What are the challenges?
DA: Theatre and TV/Film acting
require two different skill-sets. Generally,
in theatre, you IgiEdise for fourweeks and
then perform up to ten times a weekand
you need to net it right every single per-
formance! In TV/Film (sometimes) there
is NO rehearsal - you're expected to 'do
it' immediately. Plus, in TV/Film your
acting will be small and gobhig, but in the
theatre you have to give the same emotion
and feeling 10500 people in the audience.
EM: What difficulties do you nggg
tee in running an English speaking thea-
tre in Poland?
DA: Finding the actors is the biggest
challenge. There are many talented actors
in Poland, but speaking English and then
acting in English is out easy! But everyone
has been really p,yj ortiye. And we also
have avery supportive, and famous, patron
of Krakdw King's Players, Mrs Christina
Podlasky.
EM: Is it possible to see you in other
cities in Poland, anart from Krakow?
Do you, or would you like to travel
around the country with your perfor-
mances?
DA: We will be performing in Tarndw
soon. It's our main ggui, this year, to
perform in towns and cities throughout
Poland. So if anyone reading this would
like us to come to their city, please gut Don Allen
in touch!
EM: Would you ggggu that your Don Allen began his career as an actor
plays could take English learners on and performed around the UK, includ-
a journey through the culture of the ing the West End, and a tour across
English speaking countries? the USA. He then moved into film,
DA: I would definitely agree! I also and directed and produced two feature
think the style and rhythm ofthelanguage films. Recently he co-directed, with
a Cannes Pulme
we incorporate would be interesting to
d'Or winner, a
English learners. In our programmes, we
cross-media
include definitions of some of the local
piece for the
words or phrases we use in the play, and
London BFi.
many people have told us how helpful this
He founded
has been and they've now learnt something
Krakdw
new!
King's Players
EM: What examples are there of
September 2015
words and phrases that can be learnt
Ind continues to
during the plays?
develn) it as
Iran share with you some direct exifin-
pies from the programme of our last play,
It's OnlyABed!, which included some nice
colloquialisms:
Catty - deliberately hurtful in one's innocently I niewinnie
remarks. further irtairl / fr:rlar I dalej
Rogerisation - a man that can't stop caught up In sth I awikiany w rot
flirting with women. eerie I tu:peler gruay, upiorny
Spoon - a way of sleeping with your marsh I bogno, momary
arms wratnned around your partner. moaning I wylycy, zawodaycy
Sticks and stonesan English language definitely I zderydawanie
children's rhyme. scared I przeroonp
Tyrant a cruel and oppressive ruler, to differ from sb I rtanid siq in kogot
EM: What will Krakow King's challenge I vsyzwanir
Players be like in 2017? to require sth I arymagaf czegut
DA: We will be better known, and the skill -sat I nestaw omieiytrntci
most exciting and entertaining English to rehearse I cwiczyC
speaking theatre in Poland! We cucrgyid to it night I tu:dtbrze cot przedstawif
have five plays in our repertoire (including subtle Sod I sabtnlny, deikatry
a modem day adaptation of Shakespeare's to encounter sth I spotykat s:q n caymi
Much Ado About Nothinu), and we will he supportive I sspieraJycy, odlany
adding at least four new plays. We will also apart from sth I optic: czegot
he delivering a lot more acting workshops. U goal I tel
inn gel ir lunch with sb I s/kartaktooaf siy
slough I trudny
lawyer lola(:) I l):jar I pruwnik to agree I agadzat 5i
curse kr's! ks:rs I klqtwa, przeklefstwo In include 5th I nlyt:ai cot
cast I raucory deliberately I ceitwo, a mzmysleu
spectre I ajanu, nuidmo hurtful I runyry
to engage oh I argazoasaf, ratrtdnrai kugof remark I uwagn
terrifying I prnoraiajycy, straszny wrapped around sb I owinitly wokll kogot
to exorcise sth I porbyf siy ranged ruler I nladca,raydayry
In trip sth I inskai rot currently I oberrre
soul I dusra Math Ado About Nothing I ,Wiele halusu 0 nit"
English Matters 64I2C17
We're all familiar with
the American Dream, but
what about the American
Nillhtmare? English Matters
travels to the darker corners
of US culture to illuminate
what Americans find scar
irksome and downrieht
nasty.
R
merica's pop culture often glori-
fies the glamorous Hollywood
lifestyle and the lofty gpgiu
Americans aspire to. Just like
any,society, however, there is a
gaily underbelly to the United Slates that
rarely receive as much fanfare. While
they may try to hang their tsilfliei hid-
den, Americans have their fair share of
troubles, making them no different from
the test of us.
A Government Gone Bad
Americans cherish their esteemed
democracy, suit's no wonder that threats
to or from their government dndgilt uglisin
them. Any ffln.t of corruption or political
misconduct typically sends Americans
ucciltry- Scandalsgutycu substantial media
ototemiliwwithslfr I lyanafrmenrrztrrnt
nightmare I kosamar
to illuminate oth I rrurzacai iwiatlu nacog
scary I strosroy
irksome I denerwujycy, myczycy
downright I uprust
nasty I paskadny, abrzydliary
glamorous I peter blrcbtru
lofty I szczytny, wrnitsfy
goal I cal
gritty I tu:nreapmyksztny, nataralistycany,
duleki ud deaki
ng11.h MStter.6412017
underbelly I tuczuly/nawralficrry punkt,
cemrra strona
to receioe fanfare I ntrzymywac
a ofa ry
to keep sth hidden I trzymai cot w ukrycin,
ukrywnd cog
worry I zmoartwirnie
fairshare of 5th I duuczegut
zgnoeremeflt I rzqd
to cherish uth I reni sobie rut
esteemed I powazaay, szannwany
it's no wonder I sic dziwnegn
threat I groiba
deeply I glyboko, ru mama
to agitate ab I ptraszai ktfof, ptwadowou
cryjet waburuerrie
hint I raprzejuw
misconduct I niewlatciwe zachowanie, ate
pmowadrenie sly
to send sb reeling I sprawii, ze pod kimi nogi
siy ugirajy
to garner 5th I zgarniai cod
substantial sai'stwmrfl I to: dozy
attention, and the public will not readily
forget political improprieties. Americans
take their patriotism seriously and under-
stand that their democracy irgincj.tgs far
wider than any individual politician.
Evenwiththis love of country, there are
certain boundaries which Americans will
not pggrnjt their government t. One
such case involves the right to own gisin.
Gun ownership is constitutional freedom
that goes hand_n-foaodwiththehirthaf the
USA. Americans contend that they must
be prepared to overth tyrants. That's
why no ourtaikin politician would advocate
stripping Americans of their firearms.
Most countries have completely banned
!ngtays but Americans would fllpyut
if anyone dared gityg their precious guns
from their hands.
At times, America's obsession with
its government manifests itself as flat-
out paranoia. During
the Cold War,
neighbour iuxttgd
on neighbour as
rumours of a com-
munist overthrow
abounded. Today,
those same fears of
gigitygie and sub-
version can rear their
univ heads. Americans
could easily turn on
one of their own
if they feel
scape-
goat
needed, Immigrants, religious minorities sensible sensab I roasdny
or political outsiders are periodically tar- to advocate sth I poprnrab rot
ggig. Those with contentions viewnoirts, to strip Sb of sth I turodbreraf komuf cot
like sympathisers of Edward Snowden, obdz erab kogol z czegot
may receive the scono of the American firearms I bran palna
public as well. to ban sth I zakozni rzego
handgun I krdtka bran palea
An Evolvinll America to flip out I widec siy strati tad soby
Another feartineedwith a hint of xeno- kontroiq
phobia concerns the USA's demographic to dare I ohm ebb sg
shifts. Tuvo fears strike at the heart of more to prim sth I wywauyb. podanauytsrrl. hr.
conservative Americans. First, there is uvytryoboot
the prognosis that the United States will precious prefac I canny
iggyitabl lose its white indiodju. Higher flat-oat I rrrAmEwrycz wprnst
hulk rates amongst Asian and Hispanic neighbour I sysiad
communities are modifying the cultural to turn on sit I zwracab sit przeciwkn komut,
titukotip of the United States. Illegal sboczyb no kagat, zalutakowab kogot
(slownie)
a impropriety I niestosownosi rumour r mo/ri I p otka
to stretch I rordipab sr overthrow I obalenie np rzydu(
boundary I gramsa to abound I obttowab, tar byb iconym
to permit sb to do sth I przrsolti komrri na fear 11th, obawa
fits espionage
to cross sth I przekraczaf cot espano3
ease Sprawa I sap egostwo
to inwhre sth I tu-dotyczyb czegoi subversion
to own sth I p050mb rot I propagundu
fan I bun uwrotowa
gun ownership I posrudanin broni to rear one's ugly head
to go hard in hand with sth I llE ramy w znoaer} dawab o sobie
to contend that... I tu-atrryrrrissab Zr.. oat I koziofofarny
touuerthruw Sb I nialaf begot us minority I rirnrejszotf
tyrant tatrant I tyras, a
4
despots norelowniku
4 .p.in,t'j nktwdzerdu
L ewoluujyoy
. lekcewaoen e
eanloing I r000arjaJycy
tinged with sth I lekkr zabarwrony
rzyrrrs
neruphobia rena tush a /,zena loobra
I ksnnofobia, nreobgb do lab/i starch pod
ludimr z rnnych krallw
to concern sth I dotyczyb cangaf
shift I prresun yule, zmiooa
inevitably in'evitabli I nieuchronnie
majority I wiykszotb
birth rain I wskainik nurodzirr
community I spofecznoid
make-up I rn-sb/ad, struktaro
ME
immigration, which is a stirringissue all
itsowo,ggjn countless ethnic minori-
ha too. Demographic trends indicate that
whites in the USA will become a minority
by 2044.
Second, these shifts are hurting the gr1
moat of the English language in America.
Over 40 million Americans are native
Spanish speakers. Motsovoc Spanish classes
are becoming asiggirt inmhtt000agrilnaty
schools across the country. Whetberit's due
romdalsrlioguislicallerationanewbreed
ofcninaeshnck will ji)yhbold-fashioned
Americans in the coming years.
Monetary Maladies
If you oppipto ynurgpge American,
you may hear the aggasid adage that the
United States is the greatest country on
Earth. Whether you believe that idea or
not, many Americans buy into it. As is
such, success is highly valued in American
culture. This is usually tied to financial
wealth. The downside is that failure to
asiebo a certain standard of living uoin
numerous Americans Theirobses-
shin with money is toxic.
America's number one financial fear is
not having enough money for the future.
It's fair to call America a workaholic cul-
ture. Americans work longer hours and
have shorter holidays than their European
counternarrs. Hnnytnyer, you won't hear
them contnlaiuiisr about it. It's essential
o stirring I pal5ry
issue I koestia
It bring in sth I wprtwadzeb wnosif ml
countless I niezlirzone
ethnic minority I mniejszoia etniczna
to indicate that wskozywa& cc.,
primacy I pryrnat plerszef5twn
moreover I ponailt
staple I tu:wa.inauyif(naacaanial,stabyelement
primary school I szkola pndstawnwa
whether I cry
duo 105th I z ptwndu caegtb
breed I tu.'typ, rndzal
to be likely to I byi prtwdopodobnyni
to hit Sb I uderayf kognt
melody I toibnlyrzka, problem spnlerzny
English matters o412t17
to pot in hard work to ensure a secure
financial future. Losing your job, or even
hauling in less cash than your associates,
can he disastrous in numerous American
circles. Apart from making day-to-day life
tougher, missing out onaffluence may also
bear a sizeable social stigma.
America's worries over money can be
exacerbated because they are often coupled
with another significant stressor: iee
health cure costs. The United Slates has
the world's priciest health care network,
and large portions of the population aren't
covered by any medical insurance plan.
Many Americans dread illness and ipjuryes
tenon into sb I wpafi no kognt
average I przro5tny
age-old I stary)ak iwiat
adage I pnizekadir, vaksyrea
to bay into ill kopowaf to
tied to sib I zwiyzoriy, powiyzary z czyvf
wealth I btgactwt
downside I minus
failure I poraka, niepowndznnio
In attain sth I zdobywaf cot
to patsb on edge I doprooadzai no okra)
zalamaria nerwowego
enough I wystarcza)yct
counterpart I odpnwiednik
however I jednak/ze
to complain about sth I narzekai so cot
010 ensure sth I zupewriid (5nbie) cot
secure I siabilny, pewny, bozpreczny
to haul in to h)l in I zarabiaf cot, wycrtgaf
associate I wspiloilcwspilpracnwrrk
disastrous I katostrofalnv
apart from sth I opricz czegoi
to miss out on sth I stracif nina)5 do uzegof
affluence I dostatek, dnbnobyt
sizeable 'saizabl I mommy, znaczycy
exacerbated I pngtnszsny, z005trmnny, tu
psaiiksmnny
coupled with sth I w pnlyrzenv z czyneb, w
pnrle 2 ri/mi
steep I stromy, tuwysobi
health are costs I kosztyopieki zdrowotnej
macmd I pokrywany
insurance plan I plan ubezprecreniovq
to dread sth I obowiaf siy czegot
Illness I cbnrobo
injury I uszkrdzenie, oraz, kontuzja

because a prsigrtgn hospital visit could
break the bank. Prices for urescriution
titian can be astronomical as well. Most
countries ptQlljde their citizens with state-
tint health programmes, but Americans
Lace a unique set of headaches when their
health is leopardised.
Similar Scares
Just because US culture looks a little
tiaitliy doesn't mean Americans don't pos-
sessa lot of the same feats as the rest of us.A
gtintpntatthemostrnrnsnphuhiasreveals
that porkers of Americans are puitifiud by
enclosed soeces,pnblicspatdngandjtufgltti.
Yes, even spiders and snakes inspire their fair
sham ofryipi. Death, both dig ofa family
member and your own, isatop fear.
Falling victim to crime is another prime
concern. Violent crimes like murder or
gantilt sound terrifying enough. Property
celittes including tobnty frgg_dandf-
American citizens aswell.
iifuiitttfp!dgat
Statistically speaking, the USA is tijgitfl
more dangerous than the major countries
of Europe, but it is safe enough that many
of these fears seem unfounded. Extreme
o prolonged I przedtuznny
to break the bank I tuknsztonaf krnrie
prescription drag I lek na rocepty
to pruutio sir with sth I dnstartzatknmufaegni
state-run I panstwowy
to face sth I z/rverryi sly z tzymt,stawiat
czola czomui
jeopardised d3epadarzd I d3epardarzd I
niebezpietteistwio, zatroony, ntranny nt
scare I strath, trwrgo
quirky I nsobliw
glimpse at stir I rtat the nt cot
common I pnwszethny
to reveal sth I ujowninf rod
pocket I tagrupa
petrified I pozeraznn
enclosed space I zamkniytalogranictnna
przestrzefi
height I nysnkndf
revulsion I wstrft
to fall aiclirn to sth I padaf nhary cregni
concern I troska,zmarlwienie
violent I gvaltnouey
EDGARD
J EZYKIOBCE PL
apocalyptic events like earthquakes or Czytasz wciqgajqce
nuclear attacks also segijt_nn the minds
kryminay
of Americans, however farfetched that
may seem. i uczysz sijzyka!
Afinalthtmatto the USAthat also alarms
the rest of theworidisthatof terrnristanacks.
Never before have the countries of the
world been on such high alert to ptuvetti
terrorism of all kinds. The anniversarvof 11
September holds a special place in the hearts
of Americans, and the r000uy remains as
vigilant as ever to wipe siat terrorism. Still,
attacks around the world continue to make
ismiluines so Americans are all tin aware
j the danger posed by terrorist activities.
A Human Emotion
Even though Americans possess their
unique blend of fears and aversions, many
of their concerns stem from fundamental
human emotions. Fearful Americans are
often just looking to pigagnat their way of
life. They love their country and their fami-
lies, and want 10 protect them as best they
can. Fear may not be the emotion we are Gramatyka
most proud of, but it's certainly something mole byc prosta!
that unites usall.
assaalt I napad
terrifying I ptzerazajycy
property crime I zawlaszczenie
robbery I tabunek, kradairz
fraud I nseuSlWn
identity theft I kradriez dnrrych nstbtwych
to plague sb ta pletg sombadi I rykaf kngnd
slightly I ekkn
to seem I wydawac sty
unfounded I pnzhawiory pndstaw
Ponad 120 tys. starannie
a earthquake I trzyslerle aemi opracowanych hase#.!
to weigh on sib I oyiyt no czymi
farfetched I wyblegaj4cyw prrystivdE
to present sth I zapebiegaf czemat
MEDYCZNY
anniversary I rucznIca
vigilant 311aol I rzajsy
to wipe oat sth I z/lrlra,dnwaf rod
to make headlines I traf at na pierwsze sttnny
fareS
aware of sth I iwiadnmy czegnd
blend I mieszarke
to stem from sib I win hat z czegns
to preserve stir I zachowaf cod
to wile I lyazyf, lednnszvt
Eeglisfl M-,,6412017
2
Jonathan Sidor
Dispaythg Displeasure
Dent talk In her. She's quite discon-
tented.
He's been feeling miserable all clay.
I've had it up to here with you, I'm fed
iig.?hlib your altitude.
I'm sick and tired of all of your lies.
She's just frustrated that you haven't
been talking to her
You're disgraceful.
Announcing Anger
I'm croon with your behaviour.
After our phone call, I was lipid.
I can't speak to you now. You're just
You left the party bp.t.rogg / in a fury.
Vitriolic Verb
I loathe/detest / despise myfmhfly.
I can't stand how your friends treat me.
Your statements gppgjlgd me.
I dread every moment that I'm
with you.
I abhor the pigiti of you.
You arioo / grumble all the time.
Why do you feel the need to find
izwitkeonn.ything I do?

Caustic Collocations
They had a bitter dispute last night.
We got into a heated argurngttt the other
day.
I have no sympathy for people like that.
That's not lair. You played a dirty trick
on me.
Watch what you say! You're out of litre
/out of order.
You attacked my family.! would never
oioug.to that level.
There's no need to resort to such dis-
paraging remarks.
After what you did, I wouldn't trust
First Falling Down jggigies a scene
in which a white American, William,
has a scuffle with an Asian American
shonkemer, Mr Lee, who doesn't speak
the best English. Here is a condensed
version of their iggag gaggne.
William: Can I get some change for the
payphone, please?
Mr Leo: No change. Have to buy some'!
thing.
William: How much is this can o
Coke?
Mr Lee: Eighty-be sen. You pay or
William: What? I don't understand
Eighty-five cents? I don't aoderstan4
"he." There's a "v' in the word "five.l
Nov's' in China?
Mr Lee: Not Chinese. I'm Korean. i
William: You come to my country, taki
my money, and don't even learn tnI
any idea how much money my
has given your country?
Mr Lee: How much?
Conversation matters 25
William: It's a lot. You can bet on that,
Mr Lee: You go now! Notroub!e!
Bug: Sal, how come you ain't got no
brothers upon the wall here?
Sal: My pizzeria, Italian Americans up
on the wall.
Bug: 5gagiy do I see any Italian
Americans eating in here. All I've ever
seen is black folks. So since we sDend so
much money here, we du have some say.
Sal: You a troublemaker? And what
did! tell you about that noise? Are you
deaf? jjgt that jungle music gif. We
aren't in Africa.
Bug: Why are you making it about
jungle music and Africa?
Sal: Whatever happened to nice music
with words you can understand?
Bug: You dao, won, garlic-breath,
2E Conversation Matters
Jennifer: If providing a platform Inc
white supremacists makes me a bril-
liant tactician, tam proud to have lost.
I would rather lose than win the way
you guys did.
Kelly: Do you think t ran a campaign
where white supremacists had a plat-
form? Are you going to look mete the
face and tell me that?
Jennifer: You did, Kelly.
Kelly: We just had a decent message for
nifer: Trump's campaign has
note a platform for the gitsriht
cement. They say American is for
te people. The aft-right sees Donald
mp as their standard-bearer.
ly: We're not racists. Take Mexico,
example. They're sending people
have lots of problems. They're
gingdriags. They're bringing crime.
nifer: Well what about Trump's
tumble views about wnmen?
ly: Frankly soeakiog, we would
some of l-lillary's female supports
iey worked for us. I'd look at them
it in their fat, ugly faces and say
ore fired."
oiler: Well Icon hold my head high
wing I tried to mop this presidency.
me media will continue criticising you.
Kelly: It really doesn't matter what the
media write as long as you've gotyonog
and beautiful women around you.
Jennifer: We can argue about this
until the cows come home. I hope you
understand how many groups you've
offended just for some political gottt.
 My dream holiday
reams, dreams...
D And the hope
one day they
will come true. What
dreams do all of us
have when its cold and
gloomy outside? Not
to mention the sleet,
and it's work, studying,
and duties all the time.
It's kind of warmer
now because winter
is slowly passing. Oh
boy, I sure cant wait for
summer holidays.
Yes, wonderful holidays - that's what inspires us. But
what should they be like?
For me, they are not about doing nothing. My dream
is to get away and embark on an adventure, meet lots of
interesting people, see beautiful places, and maybe even
learn something. Yes, it might sound weird, but I love to
learn, especially new languages. They allow me to meet
new people from around the world, talk with them or
even discuss. I feel like somebody" then. I can now
easily plan my dream trips to any place in the world,
without fearing whether I will manage to cope.
My best holidays, which I keep recollecting, were
language trips abroad. First, there was a language camp
in London, then in Malta, and at the end.., yeah, that
was totally cool - a language course in an international
school. Oh, how I'd like to go there once again. I will
never forget the thrill before my first trip. First, there
was the choice - where to go? Well, it was quite easy.
The first language trip should be English. If English,
then it should be where everyone speaks it, which is
Great Britain. And in an interesting place, of course -
London.
I chose a language camp organized by the Atas com-
pany. It was a good choice. The camp was fantastic.
During my holiday I didn't necessarily feel like learn-
ing grammar or vocabulary. In London we could talk
to strangers, shoot movies, do interviews. This way of
learning was a great experience which enabled me to
immerse myself in English language and culture. After
a few days we started speaking quite good English. And
the things we saw! ... But for me it was equally impor-
ATAS www.atas.pI
tant that I had met lots
of cool friends. I real-
ized that people who
go on language trips
want to achieve some-
thing more in life.
Next year it was
much easier - I chose
Malta. I knew who I
wanted to go with and
what a fantastic adven-
ture a language camp
could be. In Malta,
thanks to homestay,
I saw how the life on
that island looks like. How different it is from the one
families in London have. I had the chance to chat with
them over evening tea. I was surprised that the Maltese
feel very close to Polish people. They too went through
a period of partitions, and they are mostly Catholic.
They appreciate family life and atmosphere. And Malta
itself? ... Amazing. You simply must see it.
The thrill came back when I decided on a language
course in a school abroad. It was a different league, dif-
ferent challenges. It was more difficult to choose - the
program, appropriate school, place. That's where Atas
helped me as well. I started to trust them and so I went
there for advice about which program to choose. They
pointed at many matters I had no idea about. They re-
ally know all about hundreds of different schools and
programs. I wanted to study more that time, but I also
wanted it to be a fantastic holiday. I wasn't let down.
They recommended me a school in England, by the
sea, in Bournemouth, with a program for older teenag-
ers. The school was incredible, I keep recommending
it to my friends now. The classes were so much differ-
ent than in Poland. It was there that I really started to
enjoy learning a language. I also met great friends from
France, Italy, and even Japan.
I finished my school, graduated from university, but
I still keep dreaming about going on a trip again, learn-
ing different languages and discovering countries. That
was my best holiday ever. Not to mention how incred-
ibly useful it is now lobe at ease when it comes to inter-
national contacts - a skill! learned back then.
Andrzej
Proud Lo Be Brihsh
by David Ingham

From the telephone to the man regarded as "the father of modern

computing Charles Bahbage. Cambridge
TV, and football to golf, the gydtidte Babbage had may strings to his
British Isles has a long and !ituts being a mathematician, philosopher,
proud history of creating
ninoention I onnazek
inventions that have shaped to shape sth I v/ksztnftossni ml
our world. world 1d oar d I foot
impactun sth I wplyw no cod
to underestimate sth I nrc docen C czegtf

T
he jingat that British innova- diverse I zrozriicowany
tion has had on our lives is hard inventor I wyoalazca
to underestimate. From fields as to take a took at sth I przy)rzei vy moors
diverse as technology, astronomy, influential I wpdyreta
design, sport and food, British considered I uwaf any
tttygtttors have helped transform the way aregarded as ski uwadany Ca kngoi
we live today. So let's take a look at some graduate I absoisseot
of the most influential inventors and inven- to have many strings to one's bow
tions. I rrrreo

Man and Machine

No discussion of great
inventors could be consid-
ered complete without the

MP3

hod dvstpa tarn

L englishmatters.pL

flguI.h Mattes's 6412017

mechanical eggigger and, of course, inven-
tor. But orgttsbjy his greatest contribution
was the creation of what is regarded as
the first ever mechanical computer in the
1830s - the Difference Engine No.1, a
machine which was a form of giant calcu-
lator. More than 100 years later, scientists
at The Victoria University of Manchester
developed the Manchester Mark 1, the
world's earliest stored-oroeram computer.
This invention, which was completed in
1948, firsrbrought the idea of the computer
to a wider society, with the media label-
ling it"the electronic brain." Yet arguably
the greatest ever change to the way we
cmmittl live came from London-horn
Sir Tim Berners-Lee who came on with
the concept of the World Wide Web in
1989. One day while working at CERN
in Switzerland, he came up with the idea
of jcdgjttg hypertext to the Internet and the
rest, as they say, is history.
Unhealthy Ideas
In terms of food development, Belts
have also had a loading role in the vans-
formation of how and what we eat. JS Fly
& Sons created the first ever chocolate
bar in 1847. Prior to this chocolate had
been exclusively consumed as drink, but
by mixing osooa power with sugar and
cocoa butter the Frys came across a way
to produce a bar that would stay solid at
mom temperature but molt in the mouth
when eaten. Much earlier, in 1767, the
Englishman Joseph Priestly had made the
discovery that by adding carbon dioxide
this method was used to add bubbles In
popular fruit drinks and the moggjn,r tIzzy,
drinks began. By 1840 there were over 50
manufacturers of carbonated drinks, and
producer Schweppes giigggdiy sold over
a million bottles of ginger ale, lemonade
and tonic water at the Great Exhibition of
1851 The concept of using tin can to stone
and givgiyg food was also developed in
the UK, and Bryan Dunkin and John Hall
gjy the first canning factory in London
is 1812.Ao early custyrtter
was the Royal
Navy, who needed a method for storing
food on long voyages at sea.
Sporting Obsession
Sport has long been a national obsession
to the UK. As then nrime minister John
Major said back in 1995, "We invented the
mtijozjty of the world's great sports.... 190
cenlmy Britain was the cradle of a icisom
revolution every bit as significant as the
agricultural and lndosllisl revolutions
a engineer endr fla(r) I .endi mr I inzyroer
arguably I zapeorre
contribution I wklad
scientist I naukowiec
stored-program I a oprogramowaflierr
to label sth sth I oazwsf, okref Iii rot
jakorsi
currently I obecnie
to tome up with sob I ysrnytlii cci
In join 5th in sth I dol4co5i cot JO
in terms of sth I pod wtgldem czegot
leading I wiodycy
bar I tablirrzka, batnoik
prior to sth prwa(r) to sunlIt I zanirr
cocoa looker I bonbon I kakao
to lame across sth I natknyi sit
solid I o stalel koosystencjr
to melt I rnzposzczai sIc
carbon dioxide I dwatleoek wtgla
fizzy I gaaowariy
eoentaally I w kotico,
ostatecenie
a bubble I bbel, bybelek
craze for sth I oral no cot
manufacturer I nytwirra
allegedly I rzek,rno
tin can I pusoka
to store sth I proechowoE cat
to preserue sob I konserwowaf cot
to setup sth I zakiudof cot
customer I kilent
prime minister I premier
majority I s5kszoti
cradle 'Instil I knlebka
leisure I rnzryska
Industrial I proemyslowy
 1848. hajoomig, a golf-like game was first
brought to the British Isles by the Romans,
the modem game though was first iktiwo
op in 15 Century Scotland.

1-inventor
The creators of the television (John
Logie Baird, 1926) and the telephone
(Graham Alexander Bell, 1876) are well
known, but one eauajjy influential designer
who isn't quite as much of a household
time isJohcathan lye. The creative direc-
tor of Apple and the man described by
Steve Jobs as his "gyhitual parloer" was
horn in London in 1967. Alter joining
Apple in the 1990s he went on In design
the iPud, iPhooe and MacBook, among
we launched in the tenuity before." And Among the sports claimed to have been many other leading Apple products, lye
while it would he disingenuous to claim invented in the UK ace association football, is known to shun publicity, which might
that we can categorically state that every rugby (onion and league), cricket, ngthi(, explain why this great designer is not as
sport the British claim to have invented was darts, golf, tennis, table tennis, badminton, well-known as some of the other leading
goloitiuly conceived of in the UK, the reality squash, howls, rounders, modem cosging, lights in the field of technology.
is that the modern rules and organisation hockey basing, snooker, billiards, and cod-
of the games did often take place there. tug. Whilst there is evidence that football Worth Remembering
was llcstplayed in China thousands of years So next time you're watching sport on
s to launch sth Ia bvtf -Biq I wyputof rot ago, the modem day game 05005 its tools to your iPhone and you get a phone call, don't
(rta rycek) the esoablishmeot of the Cambridge Roles in forget to remember why it's all possible.
disingenuous atstna1enjuas I nieszczery
to claim that... I twierdzii, Or..
actually I w rzeczywisttscl
,
ronneiaed of I parayty, tv'ohosytltny,stmorznny
modern I wspfilrzesrty
to take place I mini miejsce
n retball I gra pndobna du koszvkiwki
darts I gra w rzntki
rounders I gna podobsa do palanta
rowing I aitilurstwt
eoidenue I dowid, dauoudy
to owe stir to sb/sth I zawdziqczai cut
komui/rzrmui
roots I knrzenie, tu: pochtdzenie
establishment I ustanowrenie
likewise I podobnie
though I rht000i
drawn up I ta:abmyiltny, rozrysowany
equally I r5wnie
household name I powsaechnie tome
nanwisko
spiritual I duchtswy
to shun sth I onikuf, traymaf sign dalaud

worth sth I woOdy ozegof

IlLnglikah MattersoalatIJ
Rn EngUshmon's
Home Is His CosUe
by George Sandford
England's rich history has
bestowed uoon the country
an endowment of over
1,500 castles. Some are
ruins, but many remain in
pristine condition. English
Matters takes a tour of the
most impressive castles in
England.
T
hem are many Roman mins across
the land, such as the coast-to-coast
Hadrian's Wall in the north of the
country, built to i=.Qtii the fear.
wine Scots and protectthe northern
border of the Roman Empire. The wall is
nenoered with forts along the way which
housed ganisons of soldiers, bra iteceut lies
the difference between a castle and a fort.
The latter rsamilitary installation, whereas a
castle is a fortified home, usually with alord
of the manor in situ.
The Bricks and Mortar
of Castles
White afew structures graeue the
Normans, it was they who were largely
responsible for the development of castles in
Engianis From llili onwards, thp,baclsed
on a major building programme to ttittabilah
their toic. These were primarily mono-and-
bailey castles, their name derisirie from the
French wools for a raised hill of earth and
an enclosed space. On top of the morte, a
keep would he built of wood or stone. The
boundaries of the matte were walled and in
some, later, a tonal was added to provide an
extra hoe of protection. An exception to this
style was the boxlike White Tower in the
Tower of London, built of Kenilshtitgstigttg
and Cam stone from northern France. The
medieval period saw the introduction otlarge,
stone concentric castles, which incorporated
ctittnfng design features such as spiral
in towers, drawbrtdees and a barbican
(a walled courtyard) into which breading
soldiers could he channelled and massacred,
unable to escape. By the 161 century, things
werecolmingdowna bit and many nnblcrnen
settled for the more family-friendly forti-
fied manor house. As times turned yet more
peaceful, fewer castles were built, and their
role changed to being purely residential or
the tourist attractions that they are today. So
tot's stop the talk and rake the walk around
the castle walls.
Gems of the South
If you are pushed for time on your his-
toric tour, you could find more than enough
to keep you busy in the south of England
alone. Travelling from the continent old-
school style, by ferry, you will be treated to
the sight of Dover Castle, ghcjed high up
on the hill overlonkine the famous white
cliffs. The stone keep was one of William
the Conqueror's first projects, but it was
latergspgndfilanddevelopedhysubseqoent
monarchs, Henry II, King John and Henry
M, who added extra 1actx of defence.
eto bestow uth upon sin I obdar,yf roil czymil
endowment redanmant I rospuicirna
pristine I rranarusront
EnOtI.fl Matters 0412017
tIn keep out sb I vie wpuszczaf kogni,trzvroai
kogof z daleka
fearsome I tu1badzycy lyk, przeraajqcy
peppered with sth I upstrzorrycz5mil
herein I tu
the lanai I ten drug
mane, marnairl I dwOrz majqtkiem ziemskim
in Situ in 'sltju: I ra mlejscu
bricks and santa, I ru budyokusedzrby
a few I wiele
to precede Sb to pnskd 'rnvbadi I pnprzedzaf
krf nil
to embark on sib I rs:rnzportyi coil
In establish 5th I ustanowit roil, tin uriruridi cut
rule I tU:pafloWaflit
matte-and-bailey I rezyderuja rycerska typa
rvntte,grtidek stozkowyz pndgrndzisv
deriving from sth I porhndzyrynd cregril
enclosed I zamkuiyty
a boundary I graniro
moat I Irsa
rag-stone I twurdy uapien, twariy pasknwiec
medieval I irodninwiecany
running I trnprytoy
staircase I schody, klatka schndnwa
drawbridge drabrrd3 I mn5t twndzory
courtyard I dziedzrniec
invading I atakajyry, najeudiajycy
channelled I turewabrnny,nsoczony
to calm down I uspnkajaf siy
nobleman I srlachric
to settle for 5th I zadnwolif sit ctyrrni
gain I klejnot
terry I prom
pitched I trimnsadzony, zoajdujqcy sly
overlooking I twa widokiem no, wanosrycy sic
nod czymi)
expanded I Poszerznny
layer lemalrl I Ien(r) I warstwa
 Skipton Castle

Warwick Castle

Tingtel Castle

St. Michael's Mo

D,wer Castle

Castle Drogo
The castle is also famous for its labyrinth of
tunnelsdon't get ioogt
Next, we head off to the capital to visit
another William I commission, the distinc-
tive landmark, the Tower of London. The
ntt,iaggtliar stone building with the famous
WhiteTowee has, foeoify90Oyeaas, served
not only asacastle but also aprison. Famous
interns include the unferumateAnne Boleyn,
second wife of Henry Vifi, whose iaiitnst to
produce a son cost her head. Former coon
favoutite, Sir WalrerRaleigh, served 13 years
in the Bloody Tower, but his noble status
meanthe lived In his own quartets in relative
comfort. Gunpowder plotter Guy Fawkes
was treated less liotgltal before cheating
his cplts from having hint hanged, drawn
andatmxlibyjumpingoffthegjgand
breaking his own neck. Twentieth century
prisoners include Nazi Party Deputy, Rudolf
Hess and notorious London gangsters, the
KrayP,sins.
It seems every castle worth its salt comes
eepletewithdoognoos, manacles and torture
but let's ny something a little more
[Illl and refined. Just south of the River
Thames, to the west of London not far from
the famous boys' school at Eton, stands
Wmdsor Castle. Jr has the distinction of
being the oldest and largest inhabited castle
in the world, and has been home to British
monarchs for over 1,010 years. It is one of
the Queen's official residencies, and she
often spends weekends there hQSltil lavish
banquets for foreign dignitaries. From the
11 century onwards, kings and queens have
added structures and incorporated the fash-
ions of the day. Situated in beautiful, leafy
grounds, the buildings occupy over 13 acres
and ppypte the Round Tower, the Upper
Ward, the Quadrangle, State Apartments,
Private Apartments, the South Wing, the
LoweeWani, StGeorge'sChapel, Horseshoe
Cloister, King Henry VIII Gate, the Lung
Walk, the Norman Gate, the North Terrace,
the Edward III Tower and The Curfew
Tower. The styles of izilnt1)i architecture
and famishings include Gothic, Rococo
and Jacobean. There's plenty to see and do,
and you can view the banqueting rooms,
the State Apartments, take a multimedia
tour around the castle, visit Queen Mary's
Dolls' House and watch the Changing of
the Guard. You can also take in some of
the amazing Royal Collection, the Queen's
an collection, which in the thousands of
pieces includes paintings by Michelangelo,
Leonardo da Vinci, Vetmeer, Rembrandt and
Bmegel. But he prepared to splash the cash,
as entrance tickets will set von back twenty
pounds a head.
In the Wild
and Mysterious West
For something a hit different, you could
head to England's wild, south-westerly lip
and to the xonoly of Cornwall. Pendermis
Castle stands on agau1miai near Falmouth,
south of the Fal Estuary, looking south out
to sea. It was built in 1640-42 on the order of
Henry VIII. The circular, fooctoloaxy tower
enjoys miles of oltnttthtg, panoramic views.
You might be lucky and also be treated to a
hit of jgttmng in the gruuudu
yorsomethingevenmoreoglstyon
could visit St. Michael's Mount further '
o to let lost I a/gain 511)
to head oft to eth I zrverzni duczegui
commission I ru:ubiekt pukonany nuziecenie
landmark I charakteqstyczny ubrekt
rectangular I prostukytny
nearly I prawie
intern I wr/nen
to include sb I ubejmuwai kogui
unfortunate I niuszczgsny
failure I viepunudzenie, puraaka
turner
relative I srgldny
REKL050
Kurs angielskiego przez
z Iektorem na zywo!
tWIISh Matt.rs6412017
gunpowder I prudi stnzelniczy
planer I spiskuwiec, konspentor
hospitably I guidrien
to cheat oh I usaukat kogoi
captor I pnrywocr
quartered I puiwiattuwany
gallows I szabienira
notorious I ustawiuny
to reorrr I azyduwu/ sq
worth one's salt I a pnawdaiwegu zdurzenia
replete with 5th vpli:t ott stmtrp I paler
czegui
dungeon dvnd3an I loch, nremnica
manacles I kajdany
tartan chamber I sata/kunisals tnrtur
regal I krOlewski
retired I traoltvsurny. pusublimuwany
distinction I nqrilznienie
inhabited I aasiedluny, zunieszkaly
to hart orb I traWydawoi cos
lavish I rornystawny, pelev proepycicu
leafy I tu'petev zieleni It teneniel
to comprise sth I skiadaf sly zczegoi,
ubeimuwaf cal
internal I wewrrytrzrlynenvqtnz
furnishings I amebluwonre
4 t splash the cash I put. lnnonrf piuniqdzo,
szastaf pienrydarni
In sot oh back I kusztowniksguin
tip I Icc kroner
county I hrahstwu
peninsula pa'vcvsiula I pileyssep
an the ardor of sb I pa rozkaa kogok
il-storey I X-piyrrnpu
stunning I rapcenagoydexh w pietsiuch
Jousting I wulku kunna pa kupra
spectacular I uaidouuiskovys
down the coast, but check the timetableit's
situated onatidal island, which you can only
teach at low tide.
Perhaps because of its rugged landscape,
with wild rn, t0tllllcl tin mines stormy
weather and perilous rocks, Cornwall is
Britain's capital of folklore, with legends
that precede the Norman invasion. With this
in tnind,dteonlyp)aceta see isTmtagel Castle
onComwall'snorthcoast Built fromComish
stone, these days it's rather more ndns than
castle so what is the attraction? Wtththe pos-
sible exception of Stonehenge, few places in
Britain carry more myth and mystery llntagel
Is believed by some to be the home of King
Arthur, a legendary 6 century ldngssho held
coartwiththe!njgjgof lIne RouodTableand
took advice from the wizard Merlin, whose
0000 you find not faraway. When KingAtthur
died, be was transported hy sea tothemythical
island of Avalon - unto the story goes. For
fans of the Arthurian legend, Thttagel is sure
tube a snIoe-linollto pilgrimage.
The Best of the Rest
At the risk of becoming monotonous.
we head north for yet another William the
Conquemrmmmrssiooedwotltinthefomoof
stimetable I tukalendanurr
tidal I plywapo
low tide I odpksa
rugged I nleriwrny, poszarpany
moor I wrzosowisko
derelict I tzopusrczovj
tin nine I krpolrsacvny
perilous I vebezpinczoy
knight salt I rycerz
wizard I crarnokaiginik
cane I askinia
spine-tingling I przeimoiicy
most-do I obowiyzkowy do odwiedzeniu
monotonous manotavas I marra.tanas
I monotonry
o neighbourhood I sysiedztwo,oknlcu
gruesome I ntraszry
rampart I wal/murobrotoy
engineering bent I zamrlowania tochniczne/
nzynerylne
siege machines, d3 mav I rraszyrcaoblqznrcaa
to breach 5th I kruszyt 001
bang I tredokiadno
Warwick Castle. While you are In the neIgh,
knut-h you could take in a Shakespeare
play in nearby Stratford-upon-Avon. The
medieval castle is beautifully restored and a
major tourist attraction. It offers a great fun
day out for the whole family, with attractions
including a golesonlo lose of the dungeons,
splendid views from the walls and tamoatis
64 acres of gardens, and for romantics and
little girls, a visit to the Princess Thwec For
those with an enoineenine bent, the mighty
Ttebuchetisscnetoprovefascioatiog.Bulltm
2005, this replica is thelatgest, worhinggogg
rnachineiotheworld.Theotiginalswereused
to catapult huge rocks to breach castle walls.
Heading further north and into Yorkshire,
Skipton Castle is another 900 year-old
castle situated )1tjg in the centre of town.
Thegayehonac provides a majestic entrance
to the complex of six drum towers and
buildings, in which you can explore the
watchtower, kitchen and bedchambers,
It was the last Royalist sgoytghyid in the
north of England and under siene for three
years up to 1645. After surrendering to
the Parliamentarians, the yengeftil Oliver
Cromwell ordered that the castle be razed.
Noble patron of the arts, LadyAonedllffonl
gatehouse I tu:bramawjazdowu
stronghold I taostoa, bastion
Ito be) under siege byd obltzovyrr, byi pod
nblyzeniem
to surrender In Sb I poddal sit kornut
vengeful aendlfi I micspo
no Order uth I nakazad cvi, rozkaaad cvi
to be razed ) roslat rburzonym
enchanting I arznkacy
galore I obirtotf
raider I najeidico
to boast eth ) saraycid siq cayrvi
inland p wglyb
better still I jesacze lepiej
flight) lot
due to oth ) r powodo cregoi
commissioning to. wlyzonyz vqplaty proWizji
portcullis I spuszrzana krata
barely I zaledwie, ledwo
to scratch the surface I Pus pobieznin coil
przedstawrt
keen I chytny
spotter I obserwator
rngul.n Matt..'s salon?
later funded the restoration of the castle, as
well as other castles In the region.
AWeII Kept Secret
In the far northeast of the country lies
a county that even few Bills have on their
radar, but Northumbria has an enchunlion
landscape and castles gillote. Because of its
location, it's been a stop off point for Viking
raiders from Scandinavia and thehatflegrnund
for border disputes between the English and
Scow This has restdted is the county boast-
ing no fewer than 70 castles. Take your pick
from castles In the coastal towns of Berwick,
Bumbuigh and Duostaoburglt or go slightly
inland to Alossdcic Better still get a cheap
flight to Newcastle, hire a car and spend a
week exploring the lot.
Northumberland features some of
England's oldest castles, while at the other
end ofthespecunuto and the mnntty, in Devon,
Castle Drogo holds the prize for being the
last castle built In England. It was designed
in 1010 by a man considered by some lobe
the country greatest ever architect, Edwin
LandseerLutyens,htuduetoWurldWarland
the commissioning Drew family's financial
difficulties, it was not completed until 1930.
See for Yourself
Now it's time to lower the potooallis and
raise the drawbridge an our tour of English
castles. We've ipgygiy scratched the surface.
so if you are a keen castle spoiler, you'll just
have to go and see for yourself the amazing
castles of England. U
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People of the modern world want modern oentertairnnent I rozruka hidden I ArViry
escape I oc,eczka treasure I skarb
entertainment, they search for an escape roses I poktj
from the pressures of daily life. Some people modern I mspOfczesnp
find this entertainment by imprisoning to search forsth I szokoczego
pressure I napiCie, pmesja
themselves, others look for hidden treasure to imprison oneself I uwizrfsi
around the world! to look for uth I kd ozefof

English Matters 6412017

 obbie Williams famously sang
P the great song Let Me Entertain
You, but the days of Take That are
long gone and Rubble Williams
himself isn'tgettioganyynungerl
People these days need something new to
entertain them; simply listening to music
is not gtigggh anymore. Gegtiig4, many
classic forms of entertainment such as the
cinema and theatre are still as popular as
ever, yet people want something more the
next level of entertainment: Entertainment
3.0. People want the newest, and some-
times strangest, forms of entertainment,
English Matters looks at two examples you
may not have heath of before.
A Weekend Escape
The first idea for modem entertainment
is something to doasa one-off at the week-
end. It's a group activity and is ggggriflg
significantly in the entertainment market.
Aithooghthis activity hasbeen featured on
TV shows such as The Big Bang Theory, it
is not very mainstream yet. The activity is:
Escape Rooms, Being trapped in a room,
from which you have to try to escape may
not immediately sound like entertainment,
but participants and organisers insist the
emphasis is on fun, not fear. The atmos-
phere is more like a life-size nuzzle. rather
than a mock prison!
How Does It Work?
Essentially, an escape room is exactly
that: a room that people try to escape from!
Aptemlag similar to that shown in the Saw
films, but without the violence and honor.
Players enter a titemeti room as a team of
font or more people, then the door is shut
behind them and they are left to discover
the way to garoid. The mom is always full
of props and decorations to make the scene
more realistic and to aid in the game, some
rooms even go as far as inchitling actors
who interact with the players.
Games normally lost between one and
two hones, in which time the team must
solve a combination of gbaijenggstn make
theft escape. The most common challenge
ittggivgs looking for something hidden in
the mom; a key hidden under a carpet for
example. Other common tasks include
word puzzles, logical thinking puzzles,
riddles and code crackinu. More than half
of escape rooms fggiijte some form of
ieatttsntork making them both great activi-
ties to help you get closer to your friends,
but also popular choices for team building
exercises for companies.
Leaving Hospital
An example of a typical escape room is
one with a hospital theme. The room might
contain a desk with several drawers hold-
ing ottigleal instruments, a pifg.gl medical
books and a semi-conscious patient on a
bed. The escape is made bypsfigtaiy solv-
ing a word puzzle contained in documents
left on the desk, it tells you to use the medi-
cal instruments to open ahidden box. Inside
the box is a code which, when you solve
r enough I dtst rsystarczojfcn
granted I gwarartowarle
one-off I tu:coi niepowtarzalnego,
jadrroraznna otrakcja
to growl ro5n5t, wzrastai
sigloiflcanttf I znaczgco
market I r0nek
although I rhroez
featured I tu:przedstawinny
mainstream I gl6wny rraa,dominujgcy
trend
trapped in sth I awieziaryw czymi
participant I urreslnik
to insist on SE I nalegaf oa roll, fur
wskazysai ml
emphasis emfasis I nacisk
fear I lyk.vtrarh
life-sire I satarairel wirikoic:
puzzle I zagadka.+amigffiwka
muck prison I imitorjowr5zieoia
premise I przeslanka, zaloenie
saw I pile
without sth I be: czegoi
violence I przernor
thinned Brrrrd I teneatyczoy
to get out I wydostat sft
prop I tu.,ekwizVt
scene SIrS I ta:scena, ttnczenie
to aid sth I wesprzei cot, sprzyjat
czrmui
to include skI wlyczof kogot
E,,SeISh MaU.r.o412017
it, enables you to interact with the patient
on the bed. This patient then gives you the
name of a book: when you look in it, you
find it is really a false book containing the
key to the dour!
The Great Escape
Escape moms are not cheap, but when
the cost is snliramonzst the team, the value
is fair, considerinu the duration. There is
usually only one solution to a roam, so it
is uncommon for people to return to the
same room twice, unless of course they
were unable to escape the first time and
had to be let out by the organisers! This
however, is not common: the operators
want the game lobe challenging, but not
impossible. Players should feel relieved.
satisfied and have a sense of accomolish-
metti at the end. If they are struggling with
to solve sth I rtrwlgzai roll
challenge I yszwanie
to involve doing sth I nbejrsowalllzaleladai
Z,Obieoie czegoi
riddle I tagodku
code cracking I lamrranie s:vfriwfkndiw
to require sth I seyrrugof rregni
teamwork I pace respoinwa
to contain sth I zowierof coll
desk I burko
drawer I ozallada
surgical I dhirurgimmny
pile of sth I stns czegoi
semi-conscious I pilprzytomny
patienttf I nierpisse
inside sth I nrwnytrz rzegoll,
o to enable sbto do sth I orroliwiaf koroull
zlrobienie czrgni
split amongst 0 I podzieltny rreitdzy
value I wortoif, turkoszt
considering sth I binrc tripod uwag5,
zwazlruszv no roll
uncommon I r,adko spotykany
unless I chybo, ze
let out I yspaszczony
to feel relieved I czui ulgi
sense of accomplishment I poczucie
spelnienia
to struggle with sth I zmogaf siy
Some playero come to the area following their OPS to try to find the hidden cache.
the puzzle, organisers will often offer a
disc or hint to help the game prggrgsa.
Escape rooms are becoming more and
more common, with most cities having
at least one on offer. They are a great
urban form of entertainment, gflyin
players to escape from their day-to-day
lives. However, being based in cities,
they do not necessarily offer an "escape
from it all."
a clue k1u. I wskaziwka, sagestiatrop
hint I wskaziwka, rada
to progress I ptntyptuni, rczwijat sty toczyi
sy dale)
at least I to najmniuj
urban I miejski
to allow sb to do sth I ptewalud kernof no
z/robienie czegoi
The Worldwide
Treasure Hunt
For an escape from it all, people often
choose to go to the countryside. In the
past, this meant simply walking, relaxing
and possibly nrienteerine. With modern
technology thuagit, there is a new form of
entertainment in the country: geocaching.
The tyglitty of geocaching is, "the world's
largest treasure hoot." Ibiotigli the use
s countryside I wief
orienteering I beg flu orrentacJy
though I jedsak
togtne I hash przewudrse, slogan
through sth I ptprzez cal, hrdziyk: czemai
o handheld I ryczny
to turn sth into sth I zrnieniak/przeksetniruil
przrstnczai tin w cot
english J,Iatt.rs 6412017
of smariphones and handheld GIPS, this
game has tuiati the world into one giant
treasure map.
How It Works
A gencache, as the name suggests, is
a cache hidden in a certain geographical
location. What that actually means iv
a box, ranging Antler from a pro to a
car, hidden somewhere outside for other
cache I ta: kryjdwka
actually I w rzeczyulstniri,
fektyczra
ranging from sth to sth I wahajyry sly
td caoyoi do caugti,
zr62nicowany
in sine I pod wzglydern rtzrroara
pea I grosaek
playersor geocachers as they are known
to find. The coordinates of these boxes,
or "caches," are noted and published,
along with information about the area.
Other players then come to the area fei
iQsurttg their GPS to try to find the hidden
cache. When found, players write their
name and can remove something from
the box, leaving something else in its
place. Importantly, all of this has to be
done without anyone else noticing you,
so stuitit is essential.
No Cash in the Cache
The "treasure" contained within these
caches is usually something symbolic
rather than ytitiahle; small toys and trin-
kets for example. There have been stories
of very generous things being left however,
especially by some of the celebrity geo-
cachers like Hugh Jackman. There is even
a eumour eta new car hidden somewhere
in a giant geocache, with the keys and
coordinates waiting for the first person
to find them. The closest thing to tradi-
tinnaltreasnre which can be found in many
geocaches though, is a guocoitt. This is a
specially made coin, with a unique code
on it, players enter the code online to see
where the coin erininated from and eve-
rywhere it has been. The oretiuto of these
coins can even write a poal for it, which
everyone who enters the code will read.
For example, a goal could be to visit every
country in the world; finders help the coin
ggifuye this goal, often tipliodin pictures
of the jutmicy for the owner to see.
Types of Cache
Geocaches are hidden everywhere; in
cities and the countryside alike. They are
often pot in places of interest and ptgsijde
extra information about the surroundioe
area. For example, there is one at the Eiffel
Tower, which gives information about,
and pictures of, the tower's construction.
Some of these geocaches require players
to read the information c gut11 and then
answer questions about it, complete a puz-
zle related to it, or even find something in
the area connected to it. Such geocaches
have special names like "Puzzlecache"
Vocab Trainer:
Nouns and Verbs
There are many words in English which
can be used as nouns and verbs, it is
important lobe aware of them and use
them prop When using such words
as nouns, be sure to choose the cor-
rect verb and article to accompany it.
When using the word as a verb, the
correct form and tense must be chosen.
"Escape" is one such word; it can he
a noun or a verb. For example, as a
verb, "we escaped from the room in
one hour". As a noun, "we didn't need
help from the organiser to make our
escape". A second example is "search":
"I was searching for the geocarhe when
I saw my friend" (verb). "I can't find it
anywhere, let's organise a search with
one friend" (noun).
noun I rzecaowrl k
verb I caasownrk
to be aware of elk I byt twindnrryrr conyof
properly I odpowiednio, wtatciwre
tense I czas
and "Earthcache" and can earn players
different achievements and awards.
What's the Apg?
One of the biggest attractions of gen-
caching is that iris free and can be done
everywhere, using only a smartphnne. It
is informative, fun, and can rake you to
places you've never been to before. There
are many dedicated apps which will load a
map of yoaegggtgpi location and show you
all the geocaches in that area, then provide
information about them and how to find
them. It's a popular activity for families
and individuals, with many people simply
etttoying the feeling of finding something,
especiallybecause it's done in secret. Other
players are more competitive however, and
race each other to be the first to find a new
geocache. These geocachers are happy to
know that new caches are being created
all the time and that there are currently
more than five million geocaches hidden
worldwide.
ngIISI, Matte.'. 64 2017
An Exciting Weekend
The modern world offers new pu
nibititien, bringing new entertainment
possibilities. The typical forms of modern
day entertainment provided byFocebook
and Yoorobe etcetera have become normal
to some, and now it's time for something
more.., something different.., something
better. With escape rooms and gencach-
ing, entertainment goes to the next level.
Just remember, if you do the fornoer, you'll
have to gyju some cash. If you do the
latter make sore you escape everyone's
notice. U
7 t follow sth I podyiaf Zn 7Z11r5
to remove 5th I usawni cot
to notice sb I zauwalyf Ingot
stealth I praebiefloif
essential I klicznwy, zasodn erg
contained I rawarty
valuable vu juabl I cenrry
trinket I btyskotka
rumour vi nia(r) I plutka, poglosko
leocuin I fenmnneta
to originate from II pochoizit z
owner I posiadacz, wiatcicrel
fuel I rel
to achieve nIh I osisgoni cot
to upload sth I sylai/zgraffprzesylaf
journey I puilriz
In provide 5th I dnstarczaecaegot
surrounding I otaczajgcy
carefully I Ostroinie tu:dnkiadnie,
swamis
related to nIh I rdnnszqcy sig do czegnt
oto corn sib I zarebloc cot
achievement I Oslygfligcie
award I nagroda
appeal I urok, czar
to toed sin I to'pnberai cot
current I obecrry, aktualny
individual I lodnnstka
to enjoy sth I eszyf sly uzy'nt
competitive I ryssallzutycy, knnksru;cg
to race each other I icigac siy
or possibilIty I nod wrIt
the former Ito pierwsze Ia dwich
wyrrr ienionychl
to spend 5th I 1n:wydavsa cot
the latter Ito drigie a dwtclr vysmieninnyrhl
 BLissFuLLQ BLended Words
by Jonathan Sidor MP3
Sometimes English just gets a little too for teache
evallobl. t:
wordy. One technique to speed up the
language is to form blend words, new
terms which are coined by combining parts 10,

of other words. Try adding some of the

following to your Q3hi vocabulary. blissfully I blogo cot a cz5mi
blended I wymiestany, to add sth to sth I dodaeiaf cot
zmiksowany it czegoi
Spark = ppggp + fatit, an eating utensil that has both a spoon ruined I ukut Own I wiasny
sitept and prongs to combine sth with sth I lyczyi vocabulary I slownirtwo
When you nick up the Lake.gya , make sure to arofi some
sparks too.
Brunch - breakfast * lunch, a late morning meal that ttpjoggs Blog = web + log, an individual's personal website
the traditional ones I love reading her fashion blog each week.
The restaurant has a fantastic special for Sunday morning Pixel - picture * element, a tiny illuminated part of a screen
branch. My camera gives men rgsgjigjout of six megapixels.
Mocktail - mock * cocktail, a non-alcoholic drink that mixes Somulcast= simultaneous +gggcgsl a simultaneous transmis-
juices or soft drinks sion of on event on TV, radio, or other media
Don't worry about nnalgcj.g.gt anything special, I'm just getting Tomorrow's match will be simulcast on BBC and online.
a mocktait or Iwo. The world of technology also gives us a host of blend words.
We all love our fond, so it stands to reason that we have pjgg_d Malwaee is malicious software. A webinar is a seminar con-
up our vocabulary to create numerous new-fangled terms. Other ducted over the world Wide Web. Podcasts are audio broadcasts
popular examples include frogurt (frozen + yogurt), cronut rncunr.to be enjoyed on an iPod or other mobile device. Tech
(croissant * doughnut), and Frankenfood (Frankenstein * food). companies also haven't been able to resist. Wikipedia comes
Companies are even getting in an the action, with Starbucks from the manna e of wiki and encyclopaedia. Even Skype was
developing its Frappuccino (frapp + cappuccino) and Pizza Hot thought up by jgjnin sky tonether with peer-to-peer.
concocting a P'zonr (pizza + cyjggpe).
illuminated I roziwielosy thought up wymnyilony
spoon I aka to spice up sth I przyprawiai ms camera I opurat fotografirzny to join sth together with sth
funk i wirier numerous II nine resolution I rozdz eiczosc I polycayc cot
utensil I przynzyd new-tangled I flown simultaneous peer-lo-peer I oparty no
spoon shape I ksztalttyki ukuty L... I jednsczesmiy polyczeniach miydzy pojedynozyrni
prongs I zgby lam deira) to include sth I "crw to broadcast i cadamsaf enntzwat uzytkownikami
to pickup 5th j zabierad mi, obejmowaf cot event I WyidrZenie
odhienof ctt frozen I a hoot of sth I rrrridstwo czegot
take away i daoie flu wyoos zamaronmely. malicious I ziotliwi
to grab sub i chequE, zahraf rot zamr050ny software I oprotnarnowanie
to replace sth I zastypowaf cot releone I rndzaj conducted over sth I pnowadzorry
In mix sth i mieszac cot yzzy ta pntrednictoem czegoi
soft drink I napij bazalkoholowy w ksztalc a meant to i przeznaczony do
to order sth i zarnawiaf cot pierogal mobile device I urzydaenie mobilne
It stands to reason I lest to resist sth I cpiemocs czemut
rrozumiale - marriage I iranut, polyczenie
Dramedy drama + comedy, a film with both comedic and Bromance = brother + romance, a close friendship between
dramatic elements two men
My husband g.gpgs watching dramedies. The women complained their boyfriends were in some non of
Sitcom = situational + comedy, a TV series with easily djM bmmaoce.
Manscaping = man + landscaping, when a man removes his
Sitcoms today aren't as good as they used to be. body hair for cosmetic reasons
Chillax = chill + relax, a modern slang term for relaxing Iyigs,t this new trend of gays onaoscaping all the time.
Let's just stay at home and chullox all weekend. Affluenza = affluent + influenza, a sort of malaise affecting
The injourgi life is rife with handy word mixtures. The cineplex
(cinema + complex) and multiplex (multiple * complex), which Modern parents (bar their children are afflicted with oflfnenzn.
both refer to large cinemas knutin several screens, are common Modem life has accommodated the grngtyegce of new fashionable
fixtures in any city. Those who like to dress.gg like their belayed expressions. Metrosexual (metropolitan 4' sexual) and lumber-
fictional characters are engaging in cosplay (costume * mieplay). sexual (lumheriack * sexual) both refer to style trends amongst
When you're on holiday, you cangggyjder getting aid (motor men. Consumers should also beware of goleather (plastic -i-leather)
pedal) to scoot aronod 000 buduel, goods while bearing in mind they shouldn't become sheeple (sheep
+ people). Then again, blends are nothing new. Words like trenemy
to adore doing sth I uwielbial cot to dress up I trzebieraf sg (friend * en m),
" vitamin (vital + mineral), workaholic (work +
robib beloved I ukochany alcoholic), and string (smoke fog) may seem asold as English itself.
easily I latwo to ronnidersth I rozwazyf cot
digestible I strawny moped I sluter, nrotorower friendship I przyjaif emergence I tsr polawiarn sig
joke I kawal, duwup, zart to s500ut around I poruszat si to complain I rarzekai fashionable I nudity
leisurely on a budget I tu:tanio to remove sth I usuwat cot expression I wgra2en1e
I rozrywkxwy to detest 5th I tie cierpiet czegrt lumberjack I drool
to be rife with sth I byf pelnyrn affluent I zoinoiry, bogaty, to beware of sth I wystrzegafs-
cregot rsajgtny ozegut
handy I psrtrzny, ulyterzng influenza I grypa leather I skbra
to refer to sth I odnood 5iq do malaise I maraam, uputia, niemnc to beer sth in mind I met cot na
wealthy I zamoiny, bugaty -adze
housing orb I roiesacaycy youth I rnlo&ez enemy I oriy
w sobie cot to accommodate sth I tnpr/grdzrf smoke I dyrn
common I powszechng / se z ceyrrit, dostosowpsai sic do tog I rngta
fixture I tucslafr ( czegoi to seem I widawaf sit
ala inert
krajobrazu A Matches Made in Heaven
There's no rhyme or reason tggafljng which word pairs form
marriages. Stang and culture are fickle things, soil's best to stay
iigsitoilate to see which terms are catching on. Today, social
media and the press have a large impact rt the English language,
but social groups, oarticularlv young (silts, can spontaneously
came on with their own blend words as well. Unfortunately,
you're unlikely to find many of them in a textbook, so at gig
there and blend!

match made is heaves I idealna impact or sth I wplyw na cot

P-
regarding sth j odnoirmed000etoi
fickle I zrrrienny
to stay up-to-date I byf no
biezyro
to catch to I rhoryteh przyjmowaf
sg, wchodrit do obiegu
particularly I rwlasrcza, saozelilnie
folks I pot ladrin
to came up with sth I usymytlaf cot
unfortunately I nieslety
to be unlikely I byd roam
prawdopsdobngm
to get out I wydoslawaf sig

EoIsn Maete.-.nalznrr
G Is GreoU Great Adjectives
gripping -extremely interesting
This book was so gripping thatihad
to read it till the end fig one gQ.
glittery-sgogkein brilliantly, tufiticie
by Barbara Jasiska ins light
She looked totally gyflgigg in her
glittery di
Great Vowel Shift gritty- showing all the unpleasant,
The Great Vowel Shift (GVS) was a huge change in English nrouunckeion which realistic details of a situation
tpainiy occurred in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. It cggcgtned the way long, She gave us all of the gritty details
stressed vowels were spoken. As written English had been standardised before the of her father's i&tgai.
GVS took place, this process of articulation change was responsible for most of gttllibk - eager lo believe everything
the neculiarities in English spcfflng. Although there were some gggtggft to gglst people say, easily deceived
written language to the new pronunciation, they were not successful. For example, She is so gullible! She buys every-
Middle English "bite" sounded like "beet" does today, "bunt" was pronounced like thing she sees on home-shopping
today's "botighi", the "a" in"mate" was articulated like the "a" in today's "father". channels.
ggiaiwg -real, honest, sincere
Great Vowel Shift I I sielka although I chuciuz It's not a genuine Picasso painting.
przesuwka samogloskowa zmiana w wymnwo attempt I prOba Iton fojes.
yeybal to adjust sth to sth I dostosowat cot do
pronunciation - . I wymawa czeguh In one go I zajednym rarem
sparking I blyszczycy
mainly I glawnie bite I ugryzienie
reflecting sth I odbllajycy cos
to occur ii I dujac sly beet I burah stunning I olin ewajyco
to concern sth I dotycryf czegofi boot I clybki, wysuki but unpleasant I n emly
to take place I met rniejsce bought I taos przeszud to buy'- kupowac illness I choroba
peculiarity I rsobl:wotl mate I pot. kolega, kumpel fallible I naiwny,Iatwow erny
spelling I pisownia teruwan 7 eager todo sth I chytny do zlroberuaczegci
.4 easily deceived I dalyry siy titan oszukat
genuine I prawdtuwy
fake I podnobka

Great Idioms
get a grip on yourself - try to calm
do
Get a grip onyoursel/! Stop crying!
You're not a child any longer,
gather nace
-start loipgggfasterand
be more successful
The good news is that our project
has gathered pace recently.
get your goat - giinay you
gets her goat when I leave
It really
my socks on the floor.

to calm down I uspokoic Sly

AIL pncirnt_
:to annoy sbl draznisdeoarwuwateytowat

If you want to learn more about the letteng,oisit English Matters on fucebuok: facebouk uum/nmatters?nef=hl&ref,,type=bookmank

EgI.fl MnflersOl 2017

Rock Your Broh!
by Katarzyna Szpotakowska

L What two words have been used to 7. What are the missing words? 8. Finish the following words
create the following words? a) carbon d ......................................................... a) espion.....................................................
a) spork - ................* ...... .................. b) to come u ............................... withthe idea b) miscon .............. .. ...................................
b) brunch = ............* ........................ c)h......................... ................................... name c) scapeg....................................................
+ d) to get a g ................................ of yourself d) earthq....................................................
ct mocktail -

=+
e) d chores e) m sch
d)frngurt ........ + ........................f)j ............................................. dropping price f)tagl .........................................................
e)simulcast = ..............+ ........................ g)lop .......................... . ......................... a visit g) worldw ..................................................
f) dramedy = ............. + ........................ h) birth r. ............................................................ Is) haberdas................................................
g) affluenza = ........... + ........................t) day-to-d ................. .............................. ...life
h)sheeple = ............... +....................j) en ........................................................spaces
I) manscaping ........ ........................
9. What do you call the objects presented in the pictures?
2. Who is considered to be 'the father
of modern computing'?
a)Charles Babbage

-=
b)John Flail
c)Graham Alexander Bell
3. Fizzy drinks were invented by:
a)John Logie Baird
b)Joseph Priestly
c)John Major -

4. Coulrophobia is the extreme fear

of: I
a) hair
h) clowns I
C) oysters I

5.Grocachingis:
[]
a)a form of outdoor entertainment which I
is about looking for caches hidden in
certain geographical locations
b)a form of diving o8puqMrap (p 'psra!M (D 'sueD (q 'suos2unp (P -6
c)another term used to describe angling Aaaqsepiaqrq (q 'apMpposs (2
'aurlfel (J 's005aupsun (a 'atenhqpea (p 'teo2adoss(D 'tsopnusslm (q 'a?rnodsa (e 'g
6. DnograpticUendsin&atet1iatwhitss pasopus (('4ep (t 'aIm (q '6ed (2 'nef 'op (a 'd1.ill (p 'pioqasno4 (s 'dn (q apiXo!p (eL
in the USA will become a minority by: D '9 t '9 'qt, 'q 'e
?utdeDspnnj+uem (t
a) 2018 'a1dnad+daaqs (q 'ezoanpnt-{-toanpje (2 'Apauaos+emeap (; 'tsrupeoaq+snoaurlLnmrs
Is) 2144 (a 'tan?oA+uazo.q (p 'etpn+poiu ( 'tpnnJ+1srpnaaq (q '4Jop-onods (r
c) 2044 :Aq aasssuv
 korzystajc z naszego sklepu internetowego klosk.colorfulmedia.pI
za lecarnocei przelawu. Naledy wptacid odpowiedniV kwoty na numer korita podany na dole strony. W tytule prosimy
o wpisanie inlormacji, od ktOrego numeru ma rozpoczd sip prenunlerata czasopisnla, bVdd ktOre numery archiwalne
mamy wyslad. Prosimy takue 0 podanie dokiadnych danych do ssylki.
Padane dane osobowe beds preetwareene przez Colorful Med a a slede b5wPoeneniu, UI. Lednioke 23a,ce1uroa1,oao prenumetety oral madraungu wles0000 produkalu.
Kaidemu orenu lneretoroe,i pr105IUgUIe prawn egl5du do swoioh danyoh 050bOv,yth orae lob em any.

PRENUMERATA (6 KOLEJNYCH NUMER6W)

PRENUMERATA INDYWIDUALNA PRENUMERATA GRUPOWA PRENUMERATA ZAGRANICZNA
ad dwbch prenumeratwysylanych terenie Europy)
59,90 zi (65j40-zl) (na
naieden adres
wtym See VAT Vol zwyk)y:
49,90 zl (65)40t1) 119,90 Zi (125,4OZL) wtym8% VAT
wtym 8% VAT list polecony priorytetowy:
-
,eena
pren POrOflOZYOJ4
169,70 zi (i75,2O) wtym8% VAT
BIG Podolronanluprzeieouu prosnsy 0 preeslerrle
UWAGC Prey 10 prenunnerateoh grupOWyoh,
jednagratis!
peenumeratar&couorrulmedia.pI

cr52 nr53 or 54 nr 55
nr4i nr48
lxx 2014 V'Vl 2015 VII VIII 2015 1002 J 01-1112015
VII VII 2013

HOW TO
- 'M
t DOUATEK

J waCO Or 60 nr6i cr62

COMMITMENT
cr56 nr58
10 V V, 201C IX-X2016 U 2116 1112017

11 aim
DICAPRIO

nrB3
111-102016 Deaplarraeeaurldeelenpeeielne '

i-i r. .4 Tu kupisz:

Sk
-SPANS ZIEDNOCZONE Salony EMPIK,
[J -wIELKA BRYTAn wybrane saloniki
I.
prasowe
4 Ii,
- "$# RUCH,
- nr 34,6,719,11.21 INMEDIO i RELAY.

Dane do przelewu: Jak otrzymad fakturQ za prenumeratO?

er kontar IS 1140 2004 0000 3702 4324 6790 Ps dokonanlu przolowu prosirny ojak oajszybszy koetakt
kod swift (dotyczy przelewdw zagranicznych): )e-mallem: prenuroerata@oolorfulmodia.pl lob tolefoniconle: 61.8336028)
BRIE XPLPWMUL - w przeciwnyrn aypadku do preoumeraty zostanie dofozooy paragon.
adres: Colorful Media Koszty wysylki:
UI. Lednicka 23, 60-413 PoaoaV Przy zamwieniach psnrzej 40,00 zI besot yssylki onynosi 5,20 z).
Przy zemowleniech pswy2ej 40,00 zl Inoszty wySy+ki pokftooa usydawca.
 UN1WERSYTET
All SWPS

N WYMIA
ILOLOGII
Kryminal, groza, fantastyka - czerpiq wprost
:e swiadomosci zbiorowej, opisujc to, co nas
fascynuje i przeraza. Pobudzajq wyobrazni,
ciekawos swiata i twOrcze myslenie.
lasnie te cechy, obok swietnych kompetencji
jzykowych, staramy sic wyksztatci
U naszych studentw.

dr Pawi Pyrka
Zstcpce dyrektora lns1yttu Anglistyki,
Uniwersytet SWPS

www.studia.swps.pI
Drzwi otwarte: 22 kwietnia, 27 maja, 1 Iipca

Najlepsze niepubliczne studia filologiczne w Polsce*

Studia I stopnia: Studia II stopnia:
Filologia angielska Filologia angielska
Filologia angielska zjzykiem chihskim Skandynawistyka: filologia szwedzka
Filologia angielska zjzykiem hiszpaskim
Filologia angielska z jezykiem niemieckim
o Filologia angielska z jzykiem wioskim Studia doktoranckie w zakresie:
Skandynawistyka: filologia norweska Iiteraturoznawstwa, kulturoznawstwa,
Skandynawistyka: filologia szwedzka amerykanistyki
Studia Azjatyckie: Chiny I Azja Wschodnia
Iberystyka
Italianistyka
5wg rsnkng ,Perspektye( 2016