POWER SUPPLY PROJECT
Hanah Nasifa M. Ali Judy Marl B. Elarmo
BS Chemical Engineering-4 BS Chemical Engineering-4
Xavier University-Ateneo de Cagayan Xavier University-Ateneo de Cagayan
Corrales Avenue, Cagayan de Oro, Corrales Avenue, Cagayan de Oro,
Philippines Philippines
Jasper Caleb L. Padernal
BS Chemical Engineering-4
Xavier University-Ateneo de Cagayan
Corrales Avenue, Cagayan de Oro, Philippines
Abstract The main purpose of this project is to be able to
create power supply using the design created by the group. A
power supply is an electronic device that supplies electric
energy to an electrical load. Its main function is to convert one
form of electrical energy to another energy. Power supplies will
sometimes employ a transformer to convert the input voltage to
a higher or lower AC voltage. A rectifier is used to convert the
transformer output voltage to a varying DC voltage, which in
turn is passed through an electronic filter to convert it to an
unregulated DC voltage. The project was tested for about ten
times and the results was quiet near to whats expected which
in return, it shows that the power supply was successfully made.
Objectives:
To build simple power supply using the created circuit
diagram
To test if the power supply works
To familiarize the function of power supply
I. INTRODUCTION
A power supply is an electronic device that supplies
electric energy to an electrical load. Its main function is to
convert one form of electrical energy to another energy. It is
sometimes referred to as electric power converters.
Every power supply must obtain the energy it supplies to
its load, as well as any energy it consumes while performing
that task, froom an energy source. A power supply may obtain
energy from various types of energy sources, including
electrical energy transmission systems, energy storage devices,
electromechanical systems or another power supply depending
on the design.
All power supplies have a power input, which receives
energy from the energy source, and a power output that delivers
energy to the load. In most power supplies the power input and
output consist of electrical connectors or hardwired circuit
Viviel May B. Ramirez
BS Chemical Engineering-4
Xavier University-Ateneo de Cagayan
Corrales Avenue, Cagayan de Oro,
Philippines
James Edgar Sia
BS Chemical Engineering-4
Xavier University-Ateneo de Cagayan
Corrales Avenue, Cagayan de Oro, Philippine
connections, though some power supplies employ wireless
energy transfer in lieu of galvanic connections for the power
input or output. Some power supplies have other types of inputs
and outputs as well, for functions such as external monitoring
and control.
There are different types of power supply such as DC
power supply, AC-DC power supply and etc. A DC power
supply is one that supplies a constant DC voltage to its load.
Depending on its design, a DC power supply may be powered
from a DC source or from an AC source such as the power
mains.
For AC-to-DC supply, some DC power supplies use
AC mains electricity as an energy source. Such power supplies
will sometimes employ a transformer to convert the input
voltage to a higher or lower AC voltage. A rectifier is used to
convert the transformer output voltage to a varying DC voltage,
which in turn is passed through an electronic filter to convert it
to an unregulated DC voltage.
The filter removes most, but not all of the AC voltage
variations; the remaining AC voltage is known as ripple. The
electric load's tolerance of ripple dictates the minimum amount
of filtering that must be provided by a power supply. In some
applications, high ripple is tolerated and therefore no filtering
is required. For example, in some battery charging applications
it is possible to implement a mains-powered DC power supply
with nothing more than a transformer and a single rectifier
diode, with a resistor in series with the output to limit charging
current.
Figure 1. Schematic of basic AC-to-DC power supply, showing (from L-R)
transformer, full-wave bridge rectifier, filter capacitor and resistor load
 II. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION The first step in designing this circuit was setting down
the 12 V and 5V input using a power transformer. The
Building a power supply is a good way to put into practice configuration for our transformer utilized terminals A and C as
many of the ideas we have been studying about electrical power our input to the rectifier, and terminal B connected to ground.
so far. Adding the two diodes, one connected to terminal A and the
other to C, was the first step in the reducing the ripple voltage
and creating a DC output.

Bending the white sockets short leads carefully while

installing. We identify on the perfboard which socket leads will
correspond to the ADJ, OUT, and IN leads of the regulator.

We measure, cut, and solder a piece of the bare wire to the

Most often, power supplies are used in consumer
electronics to provide a source of DC power that is not
dependent on batteries; which of course lose voltage and run
down over time.
minus lead (-) of the rectifier and extend this wire across the
board, and then form a loop on the top side. This will be the
minus (-) output loop. By looping the end of the minus lead (-)
of the large capacitor (the band points to the minus lead)
through the perfboard at the bare wire. Solder the minus lead (-)
of the large capacitor to the bare wire.

Materials needed: Solder the pot lead nearest the edge of the perfboard to
the bare wire and make sure that it is on the top view area. And
1. Copper wires, with at least 1A current carrying the again we solder the minus lead (-) of the small capacitor (the
capacity for AC mains band points to the minus lead) the bare wire. Same process goes
2. Step Down Transformer to the plus lead (+) of the rectifier to the plus lead (+) of the
3. 1N4007 Silica Diodes (4) large capacitor, the soldering process continues to put all the
4. 1000F Capacitor capacitors in the perfboard.
5. 10F Capacitor
6. Voltage regulator Solder the plus lead (+) of the large capacitor to the IN,
7. Soldering iron OUT and ADJ lead of the socket. Extend this wire across the
8. Solder perfboard, and then form a loop on the top side. This will be the
9. General Purpose PCB plus (+) output loop.
10. Adapter jack Finally, the addition of the transformer, the 1N4007 silica
11. Soldering iron diodes and resistor to the perfboard. And then next is upon
12. Solder testing, is the removal of about 6 mm of the insulation from two
13. General Purpose PCB different lengths, 50 mm and 100 mm (2in and 4 in ) of black
14. LED (for indication) stranded wire. These values are mostly estimated ones. Tin all
15. Resistor 330 four ends and solder one length to each of the ac leads of the
rectifier. The last step is now to test the power supply to the
16. Ferric Chloride solution
oscilloscope to prove that it produces the amount of the 12V
and 5V restrictions.
First thing to do is to find and identify parts to be used in
the making of the power supply. We draw a line with a pen III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
lengthwise along the center of the perfboard. And the ferric
chloride solution is used to make the lines visible to the One importance of the power supply is to provide one or
perfboard making it easier for us to trace our circuit. more fixed voltages with sufficient current to the operating
circuit. And throughout the experiment, we aim to build simple
Using the old power supply that we had, we disassemble power supply using the created circuit diagram of 12V and 5V
everything that is on the circuit. And then, we do separations circuits.
and disconnections to the different color coding wires attached.
Then place the parts according to the top view of perfboard.
 Upon the conduct of the testing of the 12V and 5V power rate of discharge is determined by the RC time constant formed
supply in the different loops for 10 trials, the recorded data is by the capacitor and the load's resistance.
as follows:
It is very appropriate to measure DC voltage with an
Trial Voltage output oscilloscope that has a direct-coupled deflection amplifier or
terminals for connecting directly to the cathode-ray tubes
(+) 5V (-) 5V (+) 12V (+) 12V deflection plates, but measuring DC voltage using an
oscilloscope is only convenient in some situations e.g., when
1 4.98 -4.98 11.99 -11.99
youre using the oscilloscope to take other measurements on the
same piece of equipment or when you need a high-impedance
2 4.97 -4.97 11.97 -11.97
measuring device and a vacuum tube voltmeter is not available.
3 4.97 -4.97 12.00 -12.00
Oscilloscopes will not usually load down the circuit
4 4.95 -4.95 11.99 -11.99 being tested because of their high input impedance, but
oscilloscopes are designed primarily for waveform observation
5 4.88 -4.88 11.99 -11.99 and are generally less accurate than other types of testing
equipment commonly used to measure DC voltages. One
6 4.90 -4.90 11.99 -11.99 advantage of using an oscilloscope is its capability of
monitoring the amount of AC ripple voltage riding the DC
7 4.95 -4.95 11.88 -11.88 voltage; this advantage makes an oscilloscope perfect for
troubleshooting DC power supplies with excessive ripple
8 4.88 -4.88 11.88 -11.88
resulting from component failure.
9 4.98 -4.98 11.98 -11.98
IV. ERROR ANALYSIS
10 4.97 -4.97 12.00 -12.00
Random errors and student errors happened in
Total: (+)4.943V (-)4.943V (+)11.965V (-)11.964V making this project. Random errors because of averaging the
data since it was tested 10 times which might cause small
This table shows the readings of all the trials made in errors in the rounding off and also might affect the precision
testing the 12V and 5V power supply using the oscilloscope. of the data. While for student errors were our personal errors
With our nominal DC voltage across the capacitor of 12 V, we such as misreading the device and incorrect handling of the
were able to determine the appropriate load resistance and used instruments used to make it. But nonetheless, the errors were
a 330 load. After taking an oscilloscope reading, this could not that significant since the results were good.
take up the different voltages on throughout the entire power
supply. V. REFERENCES

In power supplies, capacitors are used to smooth 1. https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/physics/8-02x-physics-ii-

(filter) the pulsating DC output after rectification so that a electricity-magnetism-with-an-experimental-focus-
nearly constant DC voltage is supplied to the load. The spring-2005/labs/building_lvps.pdf
pulsating output of the rectifiers has an average DC value and 2. https://www.illinoiscapacitor.com/pdf/Papers/filterin
an AC portion that is called ripple voltage. Filter capacitors g.pdf
reduce the amount of ripple voltage to a level that is acceptable. 3. https://www.circuitspecialists.com/blog/testing-dc-
It should be noted that resistors and inductors can be combined voltage-with-oscilloscopes-and-digital-multimeters/
with the capacitors to form filter networks. Mostly power
VI. APPENDICES
supply had this kind of capacitors to

In a power supply consist of a filter circuit the % = 100%

capacitor is charged to the peak of the rectified input voltage
during the positive portion of the input. When the input goes (1211.964)
= 100% = 0.30 %
negative, the capacitor begins to discharge into the load. The 12