Linear Law

2
1. (a) (c)

x q

0.8 5

0.6 4

0.4 3

0.2 2

F 1
0 0.02 0.04 0.06

p
0 1 2 3 4

(b)
v
40
2. (a) Gradient =
0.5 14
4
=
u
3
0 2 4 6 4
P = V + c
3
0.5
4 (4) + c
At (4, 0), 0 =
3
16
c =
1.0 3
\ The equation is P = 4V+
16 .
3 3
1.5

63
(b) Gradient =
2.0 1 (2)
= 3
3
2.5
=1
T = (1)u + c
At (1, 6), 6 = 1 + c
c = 5
\ The equation is T = u + 5.

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CD 02_Add Math T5.indd 1 11/10/11 4:51:48 PM

 Additional Mathematics Form 5 Chapter 2 Linear Law

2 (1) 70
4. (a) Gradient =
(c) Gradient = 18
8 (5)
3 7
=
= 7
13
3 +c = 1
s = t
13 9 7 = 1,
3 Thus
At (8, 2), 2 = (8) +c a1
13 2 = a + 1

2
c = a = 1
13
3 + .
2 7 b = 1

\ The equation is s = t 13
13 13
7 b = 2
b = 5
63
(d) Gradient =
8 0

3
= 0 (4)
(b) Gradient =
8 1 3
F-intercept = 3 4
=
4

3 + 3.
\ The equation is F = x
8 = 1
5 0 = 1,
Thus
a (1)
3. (a) At (k, 13), 5 = a + 1
13 = 4k3 a = 6
5
4 k = 16 b (4) = 1

23
5
k = 20 b + 4 = 1
b = 3
(b) At (k, 2),
6 (2)
(c) Gradient =
4(k) 8(2) = 20 2 2
4k = 4 8
k = 1 =
4
= 2
(c) At (1, k),
2 (3) = 2,
Thus
4.6(1) 2k + 1.4 = 0 2a
2k = 6 1 = 4 + 2a
k = 3 5
a =
2

b (2) = 2

02
b + 2 = 4
b = 2

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CD 02_Add Math T5.indd 2 11/10/11 4:51:49 PM

 Additional Mathematics Form 5 Chapter 2 Linear Law

5. (a) y 3x2 5x
=
x x
y y x 3 5
= 3x 5
x x

(b) p q
=x+
y x
1 x q q
= + x x2 1

y p px
y p p
1 x2 +
x = q

y p p

(c) log10 y = log10 3xn

= log10 3 + n log10 x
log10 y = n log10 x + log10 3 log10 y log10 x n log10 3

(d) ax = y(kx b)
x = kx b

y a x
x k
b

x = kx b y a a

y a a

(e) 3
y = x +
x
y x= 1 x +
3
x
2 x y x x 1 3

y x=x+3

6. (a) bx = y(x + a) (b) by2 = ax2 + x

x+a
x = ax2 + x
y b y2 =
b
x = 1x+ a y2 ax+ 1
y b b
Y = mX + c = Y = mX + c
x b b
From the graph, From the graph,
63
m = c = 3 c = 4 41
3 0 a = m =
3 1 = 4 0 (6)
1 = 1
b b 1
a =
b a = 3 1
b = b 2
b = 1 a = 3 4 1
4a =
2
a = 1
8

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CD 02_Add Math T5.indd 3 11/10/11 4:51:50 PM

 Additional Mathematics Form 5 Chapter 2 Linear Law

(c) y = abx + 1 8. (a) (i) y = a x + b

log10 y = log10 abx + 1 x
= log10 a + (x + 1) log10 b y x = 1a x + b
log10 y = (log10 b)(x + 1) + log10 a

x
2x
From the graph, Y = mX + c y x = ax + b
2 c = 2 Thus, Y = y x, X = x, m = a and
m = c=b
2 log10 a = 2
log10 b = 1 a = 102
b = 101 = 100 (ii) x 1 2 3 4 5
= 1
10 y x 3.1 11.5 19.1 25.6 34.2

y x Graph of y x against x
7. (a) xy = 5 2
40
x
5 2 x
( xy) x = 1
x
2 35

xy = 2 x + 5 Y = mX + c
30
c = p = 5
p 25
m = = 2 22.5
q
20
5 = 2q
q = 5 15
2 25 (5)
= 30
(b) x3
y = 10
100
x3
log10 y = log10 5
100
= log10 x3 log10 100 x
0 1 2 3 3.5 4 5
log10 y = 3 log10 x 2 Y = mX + c
5
At (4, p), p = 3(4) 2 3.8

= 10
At (q, 3), 3 = 3q 2
1
q = (iii) From the graph,
3
30
gradient =
(c) xy = 4x2 + 2 3.8
xy 4x2 + 2 a = 7.9
=
x2 x2 Y-intercept = 5
y 2 b = 5
= 4 +
x x2
y 1 +4 (iv) When x = 3.5, y x = 22.5
= 21
x2 2
Y = mX + c
x 22.5
y =
At (3, p), p = 2(3) + 4 3.5
= 2 = 12
At (q, 7), 7 = 2q + 4
3
q =
2

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CD 02_Add Math T5.indd 4 11/10/11 4:51:51 PM

 Additional Mathematics Form 5 Chapter 2 Linear Law

(b) (i) x 5 10 20 30 40
x

y 1.00 3.51 8.51 13.51 18.52

x
x
y Graph of
y against x

20

18

16

14

12

10

8
15

33 3 = 30
x
0 10 20 30 40
1.5
2

(ii) ax + by = xy
ax = xy by
ax = y(x b)
x =
xb

y a
x = 1

y 1 a 2x ba Y = mX + c

From the graph, gradient = 15

30
1 =
1
a 2
a = 2
Y-intercept = 1.5
b = 1.5
2
b = 3

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CD 02_Add Math T5.indd 5 11/10/11 4:51:51 PM

 Additional Mathematics Form 5 Chapter 2 Linear Law

(c) (i) log10 x 0.30 0.48 0.60 0.70 0.78

log10 y 1.85 1.59 1.40 1.25 1.13

log10 y
Graph of log10 y against log10 x
2.3
2.2

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.4
2.3 0.8
= 1.5
1.2

1.0

0.8
1.0

0.6

0.4

0.2

log10 x
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

(ii) yxn = k
log10 yxn = log10 k
log10 y + n log10 x = log10 k
log10 y = n log10 x + log10 k

Y = mX + c

From the graph, Y-intercept = 2.3
log10 k = 2.3
k = 102.3
k = 199.5
1.5
gradient =
1.0
n = 1.5
n = 1.5

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CD 02_Add Math T5.indd 6 11/10/11 4:51:52 PM