Gasoline Engine Performance Test

GASOLINE ENGINE
an internal-combustion engine having its piston driven by explosions of a mixture
of air and vapor of gasoline or other volatile fuel ignited by an electric spark

Basic Parts of Gasoline Engine

Cylinder Block
It is a container fitted with piston, where the fuel is burnt and power is produced.
Cylinder is the main body of the IC engine. Cylinder is a part in which the intake
of fuel, compression of fuel and burning of fuel take place. The main function of
cylinder is to guide the piston
At the upper end of the cylinder, cylinder head and at the bottom end crank case
is bolted
Cylinder head/ Cylinder Cover
The inlet valve, exhaust valve, spark plug, injector etc. are bolted on the cylinder
head. The main function of the cylinder head is to seal the cylinder block and not
to permit entry and exit of gases on cover head valve engine.
Piston
Piston is used to reciprocate inside the cylinder
It transmits the energy to crankshaft through connecting rod.
Piston Rings
These are used to maintain a pressure tight seal between the piston and cylinder
walls and also it transfer the heat from the piston head to cylinder wall.
These rings are fitted in grooves which have been cut in the piston. They are split
at one end so they can expand or slipped over the end of piston.
Connecting Rod
It transmits the reciprocating motion of the piston to rotary crank.
One end of the connecting rod is connected to the piston through piston pin while
the other is connected to crank through crank pin.
Crank Shaft
The function of crank shaft is to transform reciprocating motion in to a rotary
motion
The shape and size of crankshaft depends on the number and arrangement of
cylinder.
Fly Wheel
Fly Wheel is a rotating mass used as a energy storing device.
It is secured on the crankshaft. The main function of flywheel is to rotate the shaft
during preparatory stroke. It also makes crankshaft rotation more uniform.
Crank Case
The main body of the engine to which the cylinder are attached and which
contains the crankshaft and crankshaft bearing is called crankcase. It serve as
the lubricating system too and sometime it is called oil sump. All the oil for
lubrication is placed in it.
Spark Plug
The main function of a spark plug is to conduct the high potential from the ignition
system into the combustion chamber
It provides the proper gap across which spark is produce by applying high
voltage, to ignite the mixture in the ignition chamber
Governor
A device for regulating automatically output of a machine by regulating the supply
of working fluid.
Thus the function of a governor is to control the fluctuations of engine speed due
to change of load.
Carburetor
The function of a carburetor is to atomize and meter the liquid fuel and mix it with
air as it enters the induction system of the engine.
Maintaining fuel-air proportion under all condition of operation appropriate to the
conditions.
Manifold
The main function of manifold is to supply the air fuel mixture and collects the
exhaust gases equally from all cylinder. In an internal combustion engine two
manifold are used, one for intake and other for exhaust.
Pushrod
Pushrod is used when a camshaft is situated at the bottom end of cylinder. It
carries the camshaft motion to the valves which are situated at the cylinder head.
Cam Shaft
Camshaft is used in IC engine to control the opening and closing of valves at
proper timing.
Distributor
Distributor is an enclosed rotating shaft used in spark-ignition internal
combustion engines that have mechanically-timed ignition.
The distributor's main function is to route secondary, or high voltage, current from
the ignition coil to the spark plugs in the correct firing order, and for the correct
amount of time.

Performance parameters
1. Power and Mechanical Efficiency
2. Fuel Air Ratio
3. Volumetric Efficiency
4. Specific Output
5. Specific Fuel Consumption
6. Thermal Efficiency and Heat Balance
7. Exhaust Smoke and Emissions
8. Effective Pressure and Torque

Morse test
is a very useful test designed for multi cylinder engines. It's primary objective is to
determine the indicated power developed by a single cylinder. The indicated power is
the sum of break horse power plus the frictional power losses.
 Dynamometer or "dyno" for short, is a device for measuring force, moment of force
(torque), or power. For example, the power produced by an engine, motor or other
rotating prime mover can be calculated by simultaneously measuring torque and
rotational speed (RPM).

Summary
We need to conduct the performance test to know the brake power (through
dynamometer), thermal and mechanical efficiency, fuel consumption,
temperature of combustion. In short we need to know the capacities of the
engine.

Common problems and troubleshooting of Gasoline Engine

Poor lubrication
Your car needs oil between its moving parts. Not only will this reduce friction, but
it will also remove heat. As such, getting a regular oil change is critical to the
functioning of your vehicle. Failing to ensure proper lubrication can cause the car
to overheat and its parts to seize, so keep the oil at an appropriate level. Low
levels could indicate leakage or burning.

Oil pump failure

A failing oil pump can cause whats called oil starvation, which is almost always
fatal to any engine. Overhead cam engines are especially at risk, because the
cam and valve train are farther from the pump than they are in pushrod engines.
Oil should be of a proper viscosity, which means it needs to be light enough to
move quickly.
Dirty oil
Oil can also build up and leave deposits on spark plugs, intake valves, and in
combustion chambers. It can also ruin a cars bearings by leaving debris, which
becomes embedded in the surface. If your oil filter is clogged or missing, this
could be the cause of the problem.
Spark knock
Detonation, or spark knock, is a type of combustion caused by the buildup of too
much heat and pressure in the engines combustion chamber. When this
happens, you should be able to hear a metallic knocking or pinging noise. A
small amount of detonation usually wont cause major damage, but heavy knocks
 or prolonged detonation can cause serious damage to your parts. It can punch
holes in your pistons, crush rod bearings, blow head gaskets, crack rings, and
pound out piston ring grooves. Prolonged pinging noises are a definite cause for
concern.
Broken or faulty oxygen sensor
The sensor measures how much oxygen has not been burned in the exhaust. It
then tells the cars data system how much fuel is in the gas tank. A problem with
the oxygen sensor means the car receives incorrect information. Often, this
results in lower gas mileage.
Poor compression
If air and fuel are not properly compressed, the engine cant carry out its
combustion process. If your valves are not sealing properly, your cylinder has a
hole, or the piston rings are worn, an air leak can occur, causing a lack of
compression.
Coolant loss
Generally, coolant loss is the most common cause of overheating. If your engine
overheats repeatedly, the high temperature could result in irreparable damage
that can be a pain to repair. Prevention is the best medicine, so avoid this kind of
damage by making sure the coolant is clean and the cooling system is in good
operating condition.
Clogged radiator
Dirty coolant can cause multiple problems. If the radiator becomes filled with
sediment from dirty coolant, it will likely cause your engine to overheat. The
radiator could also become corroded if hard water is used.
Worn spark plug
Small but critical, a spark plug makes the car move. Its function is to ignite the
compressed fuel in the engine. A worn spark plug will cause a weak spark. It may
even prevent ignition entirely, or cause ignition at the wrong time. A misfire will
affect engine power and fuel economy and cause massive amounts of potential
damage.
Loose or missing gas cap
Tightening or replacing the gas cap is one of the easiest and cheapest fixes your
car will need over the course of its lifetime. However, its also an important one. A
loose or missing gas cap will cause gas to evaporate from the car, decreasing its
gas mileage and costing you potentially hundreds of dollars.
Difference between Gasoline and Diesel engine
In Partial fulfillment of requirements in M.E. Lab II

Gasoline Engine Performance Test

Submitted by:
Aljhon E. Dela Cruz
Kurt jero Macayaran
Kenneth Frogosa
Jose Paulo CArandang
Jasper John Rosario

Submitted to:
Engr. Joel Pabilonia