Material Weight

Weight per Unit Volume (kN/m3):

Isotropic Property Data

Modulus of Elasticity, E (N/mm2):

Young's modulus ( E ) describes tensile elasticity, or the tendency of an object to deform along an axis when
opposing forces are applied along that axis; it is defined as the ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain. It is
often referred to simply as the elastic modulus.

Poissons Ratio, U (No unit):

Definition of Poisson's ratio. Poisson's ratio is the ratio of transverse contraction strain to longitudinal
extension strain in the direction of stretching force. Tensile deformation is considered positive and
compressive deformation is considered negative.

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, A (1/C):

The coefficient of thermal expansion describes how the size of an object changes with a change in
temperature. Specifically, it measures the fractional change in size per degree change in temperature at a
constant pressure. Several types of coefficients have been developed: volumetric, area, and linear.

Shear Modulus, G (N/mm2):

Shear Modulus or Modulus of Rigidity is the coefficient of elasticity for a shearing or torsion force.
Sponsored Links. Modulus of Rigidity - G - (or Shear Modulus) is the coefficient of elasticity for
a shearing force.

Other Properties for Concrete Materials

Characteristic Concrete Cylinder Strength, fck (N/mm2):
The compressive strength of concrete is given in terms of the characteristic compressive strength of 150 mm
size cubes tested at 28 days (fck)- as per Indian Standards (ACI standards use cylinder of diameter 150 mm
and height 300 mm). The characteristic strength is defined as the strength of the concrete below which not
more than 5% of the test results are expected to fall.

This concept assumes a normal distribution of the strengths of the samples of concrete.

Normal Distribution curve on test specimens for determining compressive strength
 What is highweight concrete?
Heavyweight concrete uses heavy natural aggregates such as barites or magnetite or manufactured
aggregates such as iron or lead shot. The main land-based application is for radiation shielding (medical or
nuclear). Offshore, heavyweight concrete is used for ballasting for pipelines and similar structures.

Shear strength Reduction Factor (No Unit):

Strength Reduction Factor, F A multiplier that reduces the capacity of the member for design purposes.
The strength reduction factor provide for the possibility that small adverse variation in material strength,
workmanship, and dimensions may combine to result in undercapacity.
In assigning strength reduction factors, the degree of ductility and the importance of the member as well as
the degree of accuracy with which the strength of the member can be established are considered.
The ACL code provides for these variables by using the following factors as provided in table 4.

What is 4000 psi for concrete?

Strength is usually determined by compression testing, and is expressed in Pounds per Square Inch (PSI).
Normal concrete mixes range from 2500 PSI to 5000 PSI, with engineered design mixes of over 10,000 PSI
used in specialized applications. Lower strengths are also available for grouts, but since these are usually
used for displacement, block-fill, and filling abandoned utility lines, we won't spend much time on these
products. Here are some common uses for different strength concretes. Note that these are not exclusive, as
designers and structural engineers may spec different uses in specialized construction projects.
2500PSI concrete may be used in driveways, walkways, and even floor slabs on grade. This concrete is
usually the cheapest available from batch plants. Used on solidly compacted fill material (subgrade), this
concrete performs satisfactorily for these projects, but many professional concrete workers prefer a higher
strength product due to warranty concerns, and some building codes may not allow its use for all of these
applications.
3000PSI concrete in many locations is a standard multipurpose mixture for general use in construction. It is
durable, has sufficient cement to give it good finishing characteristics, and can be placed fairly wet without
sacrificing quality.
3500PSI concrete is used for applications where surface spalling is not acceptable, and significant loading is
expected. One example would be paving curbs, where heavy traffic may drive on the surface. Other uses
include building footings, bond beams, grade beams, and floor slabs where heavy loads may be moved or
stored.
 4000PSI concrete is used for heavy traffic pavement, heavy use floor slabs like shops and warehouses, and
concrete footings designed to support heavy loads.
5000PSI and higher concrete mixes are usually used for specialized construction projects where high impact
resistances, very low wear rates, or extreme conditions are expected.

What is A615Gr60 for steel

A615-60 grade steel is a structural billet steel for structural applications. A615-60 grade is a material grade
and designation defined in ASTM A615 standard. ASTM A615 is an international material standard for
Deformed and Plain Billet-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement for strengthening application. A615-60
grade Steel is higher in strength as compare to A615-40 steel.

Other Properties for Rebar Materials

Minimum Yield stress, Fy (N/mm2):

The stress at which a material stops behaving elastically is called the yield strength. When the material is
unable to return to its original shape, we say that the material is plastic.
A36 steel in plates, bars, and shapes with a thickness of less than 8 in (203 mm) has a minimum yield
strength of 36,000 psi (250 MPa) and ultimate tensile strength of 58,00080,000 psi (400550 MPa). Plates
thicker than 8 in have a 32,000 psi (220 MPa) yield strength and the same ultimate tensile strength.
Minimum Tensile stress, Fu (N/mm2):
Keep increasing the forces on the material beyond yield strength. The material keeps deforming, and
eventually the forces between the molecules become unable to counter the external forces and the material
breaks. The maximum stress that the material can handle before breaking is called tensile
strength or ultimate strength.
A36 steel in plates, bars, and shapes with a thickness of less than 8 in (203 mm) has a minimum yield
strength of 36,000 psi (250 MPa) and ultimate tensile strength of 58,00080,000 psi (400550 MPa).
In materials engineering, yield strength and tensile strength are two properties that can be used to
characterize a material. The main difference between yield strength and tensile strength is that yield strength
is the minimum stress under which a material deforms permanently, whereas tensile strength describes the
maximum stress that a material can handle before breaking.

What is A416Gr270 for Tendon?