ALMAZAN, BARBIE I.

BEED-II

PROF. Elsie Pagulayan Facilitating Learning

Neo Behaviorism

Is a behavior cannot be fully understand simply in terms of observable stimuli and reactions.

Tolmans Purposive Behaviorism AKA Sign Learning Theory

Tolmans believe that learning is a cognitive progress. Learning involves forming beliefs and
obtaining knowledge about theenvironment and then revealing that knowledge through purposeful and
gold- directed behavior.

Tolmans Key Concept

Learning is always purposive and gold directed.

Cognitive maps in rats- organisms will select the shortest or easiest path to achieve a goal.
Latent learning is a kind of learning that remains or stays with the individual until needed.
Learning that stays within the individual without reinforcement
The concept of intervening variable variables that are not readily seen but serves as
determinants of behavior.
Reinforcement not essential for learning

Albert Banduras Social Learning Theory

In social learning theory focuses on the learning that occurs within a social context. It considers
that people learn from one another, including such concepts as observable learning, imitation, and
modeling.

General principles of social learning theory

1. People can learn by observing.
2. Learning occur without a change in behavior.
3. Cognition plays a role in learning.
4. Social learning theory can be considered a bridge or a transition between behaviorist learning
theories and cognitive learning theories.
How the environment reinforces and punishes modeling
People are often reinforced for modeling the behavior of others. Bandura suggested that the
environment also reinforces modeling. This is in several possible ways:
1. The observer is reinforced by the model.
2. The observer is reinforced by the third person.
3. The imitated behavior itself leads to reinforcing consequences.
4. Consequences of the models behavior affect the observers behavior.

Conditions necessary for effective modeling to occur

Bandura mentions four conditions that area necessary before an individual can successfully
model the behavior of someone else:
1. Attention the person must first pay attention to the model.
2. Retention the observer must be able to remember the behavior that has been observed. One
way of increasing this is using the technique of rehearsal.
3. Motor reproduction- the 3rd condition is the ability to replicate the behavior that the model has
just demonstrated.
4. Motivation- the final necessary ingredient for modeling to occur is motivation.