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EL CONCEPTO DE VALOR
Universidad de los Andes. Bogot, Colombia 1
FINANZAS Profesor: Julio Villarreal N.
El Concepto de Valor
El Concepto de Valor
El Concepto de Valor
El Concepto de Valor
El Concepto de Valor
Podemos entonces escribir la tasa de descuento como:
!
Costo de Capital = Tasa libre de riesgo + Compensacin por riesgo
TVM Risk Aversion
Cost of Capital = rf + rp
El Concepto de Valor
El Concepto de Valor
El Concepto de Valor
El Concepto de Valor
El Concepto de Valor
Gerencia Acreedores
Empleados Bondholders
Clientes Shareholders
El Concepto de Valor
El Concepto de Valor
El Concepto de Valor
El Concepto de Valor
Qu es un incentivo?
Zanahoria Cmo funciona? Garrote
INCENTIVOS
El Concepto de Valor
!
APPLE INC.
1 Infinite Loop
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL
Cupertino, California 95014
PROXY STATEMENT
OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
FOR
2013 ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS Shares of
GENERAL INFORMATION
Name of Beneficial Onwer Common Stock
aterials?
ny ) has made these materials available to you on the Internet or, upon your request, has delivered printed Beneficially Owned
you by mail, in connection with the Companys solicitation of proxies for use at the 2013 annual meeting of
eeting ) to be held on Wednesday, February 27, 2013 at 9:00 a.m. Pacific Standard Time, and at any postponement BlackRock, Inc. 49,061,208
These materials were first sent or made available to shareholders on January 7, 2013. You are invited to attend the
sted to vote on the proposals described in this proxy statement (the Proxy Statement ). The Annual Meeting will
ompanys principal executive offices located at the address shown above.
Fidelity Investments 51,507,253
aterials?
William Campbell 57,550
Timothy Cook 13,817
ent for the Annual Meeting; and
Millard Drexler 33,533
nnual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 29, 2012, as filed with the Securities and Exchange
SEC ) on October 31, 2012 (the Annual Report ). Al Gore 101,358
Chief Executive Officer (CEO)
versions by mail, these materials also include the proxy card or vote instruction form for the Annual Meeting.
Robert Iger 5,054
at the Annual Meeting?
n six items at the Annual Meeting:
Andrea Jung 22,418
Companys Board of Directors (the Board ) of the eight nominees named in this Proxy Statement (Proposal
Arthur Levinson 239,541
Robert Mansfield 83,733
f the Companys Restated Articles of Incorporation to (i) eliminate certain language relating to the term of office of
o facilitate the adoption of majority voting for the election of directors, (ii) eliminate blank check preferred
h a par value for the Companys common stock of $0.00001 per share and (iv) make other conforming changes as
Peter Oppenheimer 4,793
detail in this Proxy Statement in the section Overview of ProposalsProposal No. 2 Amendment of Articles of
oposal No. 2);
Bruce Sewell
appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as the Companys independent registered public accounting firm for 2013 Ronald Sugar 1,156
1
Chief Financial Officer (CFO) Jeffrey Williams 276
All current executive officers and directors as a group 578,696
El Concepto de Valor
Summary Conpensation Table - 2012, 2011 and 2010
Non-Equity
Stock Incentive Plan All Other
Name and Principal Position Year Salary Bonus Awards CompensationCompensation Total
(a) (b) ($)(c) ($)(d) ($)(1)(e) ($)(2)(f) ($)(g) ($)(h)
El Concepto de Valor
478 J. Warneret al., Stockprices and managementchanges
Table 7
Implied probability of a top management changea by deciIe of annual stock return,,, time period:
1%3-1978, sample of 269 randomly selected CRSP firms.
-_
Mean annuaI Mean predicted Actual Actual number
Decile stock return turnover rate turnover rate of changes
--
Panel A: Probabilityof a top managementchange
:. - 0.516
0.319 0.128
0.124 0.111
0.139 30
24
3 - 0.197 0.120 0.116 25
: -0.005
- 0.094 0.116
0.119 0.139
0.134 29
30
67 0.203
0.086 0.116
4117 0.130
0.092 z
8 0.341 0.112 0.083 18
9 0.548 0.104 Ol16 25
10 1.270 0.086 0.083 18
+statistic
He (1 through 10): 8.0.
Ha (l;lO)+ 3.0
Rank order correlation between predicted probability and reahaed values of dependent va.+bIe
for overah model: 0.088s
El Concepto de Valor
Table 1 Table 2
Abnormal percentage stock price changes associated Abnormal percentage stock price changes associated
with successful corporate takeoversa with unsuccessful corporate takeover bidsa
Takeover technique Target Bidders Takeover technique Target Bidders
(%) (%) (%) (%)
Tender offers 30 4 Tender offers -3 -1
Mergers 20 0 Mergers -3 -5
Proxy contests 8 n.a.b Proxy contests 8 n.a.b
a a
Abnormal price changes are price changes adjusted to Abnormal price changes are price changes adjusted to
eliminate the effects of marketwide price changes. eliminate the effects of marketwide price changes.
b b
Not applicable. Not applicable.
Table 2
Table 1 shows that target firms in successful takeovers experien
Abnormal percentage stock price changes associated
bidsa
with unsuccessful corporate takeover significant abnormal stock price changes of 20% in mergers and 30% in
Universidad
Takeover de los Andes. Bogot,
technique Colombia Bidders
Target 20
(%) (%) firms realize statistically significant abnormal gains of 4% in ten
Bidding
Tender offers -3 -1
FINANZAS Profesor: Julio Villarreal N.
El Concepto de Valor
El Concepto de Valor