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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SAFETY DATA .......................................................... 1 OPERATION
GENERAL INFORMATION Pre-Start up Check List .......................................... 9
Compressor Data ................................................. 2 Start Up Procedure ................................................. 9
Nameplate Data ................................................... 3 MAINTENANCE
Maximizing Compressor Life................................ 4 Service Schedule .................................................. 10
INSTALLATION Tool List ................................................................. 11
Location and Piping .............................................. 5 Bolt Torque Table ................................................. 11
Mounting the Compressor Unit ............................ 5 Crankcase Lubrication .......................................... 12
Compressor Flywheel .......................................... 6 Setting the Oil Pressure........................................ 12
V-Belt Drive........................................................... 6 COMPRESSOR DISASSEMBLY.............................. 13
Seal Arrangement ................................................ 6
COMPRESSOR ASSEMBLY .................................... 15
Liquefied Gas Transfer Piping Schematic ........... 7
Typical Transfer Compressor, Drawing ............... 7 VALVE REPLACEMENT........................................... 17
Relief Valves ......................................................... 8 SEAL (PACKING) REPLACEMENT ........................ 18
4-Way Valves ....................................................... 8 BEARING REPLACEMENT ...................................... 20
Liquid Traps .......................................................... 8
Temperature and Pressure Switches .................. 8 OIL PUMP REPLACEMENT ..................................... 21
Pressure Gauges ................................................. 8 EXTENDED STORAGE ............................................. 21
TROUBLESHOOTING............................................... 22
SAFETY DATA
NOTICE
Blackmer compressors MUST only be installed in
This is a SAFETY ALERT SYMBOL. systems which have been designed by qualified
When you see this symbol on the product, or in the engineering personnel. The system MUST conform to
manual, look for one of the following signal words and all applicable local and national regulations and safety
be alert to the potential for personal injury or property standards.
damage.
These instructions are intended to assist in the
installation and operation of Blackmer compressors
Warns of hazards that WILL cause serious personal and MUST be kept with the compressor.
injury, death or major property damage. Blackmer compressor service and maintenance shall
be performed by qualified technicians ONLY. Service
and maintenance shall conform to all applicable local
Warns of hazards that CAN cause serious personal and national regulations and safety standards.
injury, death or major property damage. Thoroughly review this manual, all instructions and
hazard warnings, BEFORE performing any work on
the compressor.
Warns of hazards that CAN cause personal injury, or
property damage. Maintain ALL system and compressor operation and
hazard warning decals.
NOTICE For handling liquefied gas, NFPA Pamphlet 58 should
Indicates special instructions which are very important
be consulted.
and must be followed.
SAFETY DATA
Flammable gas and/or liquid can form Failure to relieve system pressure prior
explosive mixtures with air causing to performing compressor service or
property damage, serious personal injury maintenance can cause serious
or death Hazardous pressure
personal injury or property damage.
Flammable gas can
can cause serious
cause death, serious
personal injury or
personal injury or
property damage
property damage
Explosive gas can cause property Extreme heat can cause personal injury
damage, personal injury, or death. or property damage
Extreme Heat can
Hazardous gases cause personal injury
can cause property or property damage
damage, personal
injury or death
COMPRESSOR DATA
COMPRESSOR DATA LB942B
MAWP - psia (Bar) 350 (24.1)
3
Displacement CFM (m /hr)
@ 350 rpm (Minimum Speed) 52.5 (89.1)
@ 835 rpm (Maximum Speed) * 125.1 (213)
Max. BHP (kw) 50 (37)
Maximum Discharge Temperature 350F (176C)
Rotation Direction Either Direction
Bore x Stroke, Two Double-Acting Cylinders in. (mm) 4.625 x 4 (117 x 102)
Type: Single-stage, vertical, air-cooled, non-lubricated, reciprocating compressor.
* NOTE: Reduce maximum speeds by 9% for continuous duty operation.
Table 1 - Compressor Data
Before proceeding:
1. Note the nameplate data in the space provided above.
2. Obtain the appropriate parts lists for the model in question.
Manuals and Parts Lists for Blackmer products may be obtained from
Blackmer's website (www.blackmer.com) or be contacting Blackmer's Customer Service.
NAMEPLATE DATA
A nameplate is attached to the side of
all Blackmer compressors showing the
Model No., I.D. No., and Serial No.
These numbers should be available
when information or parts are needed
for a particular unit.
Valves Field 1
P PEEK
Valves Field 2
B Standard Valve
O-rings Field 3
B Buna-N
Gaskets Field 4
F Iron
Piston Rings Field 5
M Glass & Moly Filled PTFE
Seal (Packing) Orientation Field 6
A Standard
Packing Material Field 7
T PTFE
Cylinder & Head Field 8
A Ductile Iron
Piston Rods Field 9
4 Black Surface
Crankshaft & Oil Filter Field 10
C External Oil Filter
Unspecified Nonstandard Items Field 11
A Normal
Table 2 - ID Number Key
specified.
2. Foreign Material
Handling a different gas than originally specified.
Solid particles in the gas stream will:
Clogged strainer or filter elements.
Rapidly wear the piston rings and score the cylinder
Line sizes too small, or other flow restrictions. wall.
Excessive ambient temperature or suction gas Destroy the rod packing causing excessive leakage
temperature. and score the piston rods.
Valve problems. (See Foreign Material.) Lodge in the valves causing loss of capacity and
Badly worn piston rings. (See Foreign Material.) broken valve plates and springs.
Lower operating temperatures will increase valve and Liquid in the gas stream may:
piston ring life significantly. Cause broken valve plates and springs.
Destroy the compressor.
On new installations, it is suggested that the valves and
piston rings be inspected after the first few hundred hours
of operation. This will give an early indication of any
abnormal problems and allow for corrective action to be
taken before a costly failure results. Although piston ring
life will vary from application to application, wear will be
fairly consistent on subsequent sets of rings.
COMPRESSOR DRIVE SYSTEMS 6. Ensure that the radial and axial runout values at the
rim do not exceed the following values:
Radial O.D. Runout: 0.016 in. (0.4046 mm)
Axial Rim Runout: 0.021 in. (0.5334 mm)
Failure to disconnect and lockout 7. Ensure that the compressor flywheel guard is properly
electrical power or engine drive before installed before operation. The guard must not contact
attempting maintenance can cause
moving parts.
severe personal injury or death
Hazardous
machinery can
cause serious
personal injury. V-BELT DRIVES
Most Blackmer compressors are driven via V-belts which
must be properly aligned and tensioned.
Figure 4 -
Liquid Transfer
Flow Schematic
Figure 5 -
Vapor Recovery
Flow Schematic
PRE-STARTUP CHECK LIST 3. If V-belt driven, check the alignment of the motor and
the compressor sheaves. The faces of the sheaves
must be parallel.
4. Ensure that pressure gauges are installed on both inlet
Failure to disconnect and lockout and discharge of the compressor.
electrical power or engine drive before 5. Blackmer compressors are shipped from the factory
attempting maintenance can cause without oil in the crankcase. Fill with a high quality
severe personal injury or death non-detergent oil of the proper viscosity via the
Hazardous
machinery can compressor nameplate opening. See "Crankcase
cause serious
personal injury. Lubrication" in this manual.
6. Check the electrical connections for proper wiring,
1. After the compressor is installed in the system, a grounding, etc.
complete leak test MUST be performed on both the
compressor and the piping. 7. With the power disconnected, remove the compressor
nameplate. Squirt oil onto each crosshead while
rotating the compressor by hand to verify smooth
Failure to properly leak test the operation.
compressor installation may result in 8. Ensure that all guarding is properly installed.
leakage of explosive gas to the
atmosphere creating an explosion
hazard, possibly causing severe Operation without guards in place can
Hazardous gases
can cause property
personal injury or death. cause serious personal injury, major
damage, personal property damage or death.
injury or death
STARTUP PROCEDURE The oil pump on these models will operate in either
NOTICE: direction of crankshaft rotation.
Consult the 'Troubleshooting' section of this manual if 2. Verify that the suction and discharge pressures are
difficulties during startup are experienced. within the expected ranges.
1. Start the compressor. Oil pressure should register 25 Operating limits listed in the "Compressor Data"
psig (1.7 bar-g) within 10 seconds. section must not be exceeded.
If proper oil pressure is not present, stop the 3. Check for leakage from the piping and equipment, and
compressor and correct the problem. repair as necessary.
4. If the seals (packing) have just been replaced, or iF
Operation of the compressor with low or the compressor has been out of service for over 6
no oil may result in extreme months, the lower seal MUST be manually lubricated
temperature in the crankcase. This during the first 60 minutes of operation. See "Seal
could be an ignition source in the (Packing) Replacement" section. New compressors
presence of explosive gas and could have had the packing broken in at the factory.
Hazardous gases
can cause property
lead to severe personal injury or death. 5. On newly rebuilt units, the valve hold down screws,
damage, personal valve cover plate bolts and cylinder head bolts MUST
injury or death
have their torque checked after 60 minutes running
Operating the compressor with low oil pressure will
time. Also re-tighten all hold down bolts, flywheel
cause severe damage to the unit. See "Setting the Oil
bolts, etc. after 60 minutes running time. See the "Bolt
Pressure" in this manual.
Torque." table.
Flammable gas and/or liquid can form Failure to relieve system pressure prior
explosive mixtures with air causing to performing compressor service or
property damage, serious personal injury maintenance can cause serious
Flammable gas can
or death Hazardous pressure personal injury or property damage.
can cause serious
cause death, serious
personal injury or
personal injury or
property damage
property damage
Explosive gas can cause property Extreme heat can cause personal injury
damage, personal injury, or death. or property damage
Extreme Heat can
Hazardous gases cause personal injury
can cause property or property damage
damage, personal
injury or death
NOTICE:
Blackmer compressor service and maintenance shall be performed by qualified technicians only. Service
and maintenance shall conform to all applicable local and national regulations and safety standards.
SERVICE SCHEDULE
Daily Weekly Monthly 6 Months Yearly
Overall Visual Check X
Check Crankcase Oil Pressure X
Check Suction Pressure X
Check Discharge Pressure X
Drain Distance Piece X
Drain Liquid From Accumulation Points X
Clean Compressor Cooling Fins X
Check Crankcase Oil Level * X*
Check Mounting and Anchor Bolts X
Check V-Belt Tension X
Change Oil and External Oil Filter * X*
Check Inlet Filter/Strainer Element X
Inspect Valves X
Lubricate 4-way Valve X
Lubricate Motor Bearings per Manufacturer's Suggestions X
Inspect Motor Starter Contact Points X
* Change oil every 1,000 hours of operation, or every 6 months which ever occurs first. If the oil becomes dirty or diluted,
change oil and external filter as often as needed to maintain clean oil.
Table 5 - Service Schedule
TOOL LIST
Description Used For:
Blackmer Wrench 790535 Valve Hold-down screw
Blackmer Packing Installation Tool 790540 Rod-packing protection during installation.
3" Adjustable Spanner with 1/4" pins Lower Packing Box Hold-down Ring
(Blackmer PN 790316)
15/16" socket with 4" extension Piston Nut
3/4" End Wrench Cylinder and Crosshead Guide
1-1/16" Wrench or Socket Valve Caps
Allen Wrenches: 3/16", 1/4", 3/8" Valves
Sockets: 7/16", 1/2", 9/16", 5/8", 3/4", 7/8" Various
Internal Snap Ring Pliers Seal Replacement
Feeler gauges or Depth Micrometer Piston Clearance
Screwdriver, Flat Blade Nameplate screws, Packing Installation
Pliers
Rubber Mallet
Arbor Press Wrist Pin Removal
Bearing Puller Crankshaft Bearings
Torque Wrench Various
Hoist (useful) Cylinder and Crosshead Guide
Table 6 - TOOL LIST
Packing Box
Valve Valve Cover Valve Hold Upper Packing Flywheel Hub
Piston Nut Hold Down
Assembly Nut Plate Down Screw Box Screw Bolt
Ring
60 (81) 10 (13.6) 35 (47.5) 120 (163) 75 (102) 50 (68) see Table 4
Table 7 - Bolt Torque
CRANKCASE LUBRICATION
Change the crankcase oil every 1,000 hours or 180 days, Air Temperature SAE ISO Grade
whichever is shorter. Under severe dusty or sandy
Below 0F (-18C) 5W 15
operating conditions, the oil should be changed every 500
hours or every 90 days 0 to 32F (-18 to 0C) 10W 22
32 to 80F (0 to 27C) 20W 46
Non-detergent motor oils are recommended. However, 30W 100
80F (27C) and above
detergent oils can be used providing the gas being
handled does not react with the detergent in the oil. If Table 9 - Oil Viscosity
using a detergent oil, be sure there is not a compatibility Before changing the oil, bring the compressor up to normal
problem. The following gasses are known to react with operating temperature. Remove the crankcase drain plug
detergents in oil: and drain the oil into an adequately sized container.
Ammonia Monoethylamine Remove the oil pickup screen and clean in a suitable
Monomethylamine Dimethylamine Trimethylamine solvent. When reinstalling the pickup screen, inspect the
metal gasket and the O-ring for damage, replacing as
The oil used, detergent or non-detergent, should be
necessary. If equipped, replace the external oil filter. See
of high quality such as API grade SF, SG, SH or
Figure 7.
similar.
Refill the crankcase via the dipstick or nameplate opening.
API grade SA, SB, SC or similar oils should never be
Do not overfill the crankcase!
used. Recycled oils should never be used.
The oil pump on these models will operate in either
Consult factory for special lubricating requirements.
direction of crankshaft rotation.
NOTICE:
Before starting work on the compressor, make sure all
Failure to disconnect and lockout pressure is bled off on both the suction and discharge.
electrical power or engine drive before
attempting maintenance can cause 1. Remove the head bolts from the head.
severe personal injury or death 2. Remove the head and cylinder head O-rings from the
Hazardous
machinery can cylinder.
cause serious
personal injury. 3. Remove the valves per the "Valve Replacement"
section.
4. PISTON REMOVAL
a. Rotate the crankshaft by hand to bring a piston to
Failure to relieve system pressure prior
the top dead center position.
to performing compressor service or
maintenance can cause serious b. Remove the piston nut.
Hazardous pressure
personal injury or property damage. c. Remove the piston cap using the two 1/4"
can cause serious
personal injury or
threaded puller holes. (If two 1/4" bolts are not
property damage readily available, the oil pump cover bolts may be
used.)
d. Remove the upper shims, the piston and the lower
shims. Keep the upper and lower shim sets
Venting pressure from the compressor together to simplify reassembly.
piping could release explosive gas to
the atmosphere creating an explosion e. Repeat these steps for the other piston.
hazard, possibly causing severe 5. Remove the cylinder capscrews and lift cylinder from
Hazardous gases personal injury or death. the crosshead guide. Do not allow the upper packing
can cause property
damage, personal
boxes to be lifted off with the cylinder as the packing
injury or death will be damaged.
6. PACKING BOX REMOVAL
a. Remove nameplate from the crosshead guide.
b. Lift the upper packing box assembly and O-rings
off the rod.
c. Remove oil deflector ring from the piston rod.
d. Remove the lower packing box hold-down ring
using a 3" adjustable spanner with " pins
(Blackmer PN 790316).
e. Place a wooden block (or the end of a mallet
handle) through the nameplate opening on top of
the crosshead. Rotate the crankshaft by hand
until the crosshead pushes the wooden block
against the lower packing box, unseating it. Do
not place fingers inside the nameplate
opening!
f. Lift the lower packing box assembly and O-ring off
the piston rod.
g. Repeat the above steps for the packing boxes on
the other rod.
h. For disassembly of the packing boxes, refer to
"Seal (Packing) Replacement."
7. Remove the crosshead guide capscrews, and lift off
the crosshead guide and gasket.
8. REMOVING THE CONNECTING ROD ASSEMBLIES 9. Remove the opposite connecting rod and crosshead
(with the crossheads attached). The piston rod is assembly.
permanently attached to the crosshead to form a 10. Rest the crosshead assembly on a bench. Carefully
single assembly. Do not attempt disassembly. drive the wrist pin and wrist pin plugs out of the
a. Drain the oil from the crankcase. crosshead and connecting rod using a suitable pin
b. Remove the inspection plate from the crankcase. driver or an arbor press. Removal of the pin releases
the crosshead assembly from the connecting rod.
c. Remove the locknuts from the two connecting rod
bolts. This will release the connecting rod cap 11. If necessary, the wrist pin bearings can be replaced
(the lower half of the connecting rod) and the two after the crossheads are removed. The small end of
halves of the bearing insert. The connecting rod the connecting rod is fitted with two roller bearings
and the connecting rod cap are marked with a dot separated by a spacer. When properly installed, the
on one side so that they can be matched properly roller bearings should protrude 0.075" (1.9 mm) on
when reassembling. each side of the conrod.
d. Lift the crosshead assembly and connecting rod 12. To replace the crankshaft bearings, the crankcase
off the crankshaft. must be disassembled, and the crankshaft removed.
Refer to "Bearing Replacement" for disassembly
NOTICE: The connecting rod parts are not
instructions.
interchangeable and must be reassembled with
the same upper and lower halves. To avoid
confusion, work on one connecting rod at a time,
or mark the individual halves with corresponding
numbers.
Figure 11 - Cylinder and Piston 10. Install the valves per "Valve Replacement" Section.
11. Rotate the compressor by hand to verify that it turns
9. PISTON INSTALLATION freely.
a. To set the piston clearance, remove the valves
12. Refer to the "Pre-Startup Check List", and "Startup
from one side of the cylinder.
Procedure."
b. Rotate the flywheel by hand to bring one piston
rod to top dead center. 13. After the compressor has run for a sufficient time to
c. Set the bottom shim washer(s) onto the piston reach operating temperature, allow to cool and
rod. retighten the valve hold down screws.
d. Place the piston (without rings and expanders) on
the piston rod.
e. Place the upper shim washer(s) over the rod onto
the piston.
f. Install the piston cap (without the O-ring).
g. Tighten the piston nut on securely.
h. Install the head (without the O-ring), and tighten
the head bolts securely.
i. Ensure that the piston is at top dead center.
Measure the clearance between the piston and
head through one of the upper valve pockets.
j. Rotate the crankshaft until the piston is at bottom
dead center. Measure the clearance between the
piston and packing box through a lower valve
pockets.
k. Compare the piston clearance values to those in
Table 10 - "Piston Clearance."
Fig. 12
Valve Installation
4. Place the spring and the drive cone in the end of the
crankshaft.
5. Note the slot in the end of the crankshaft and the drive
tab on the back of the oil pump assembly. Install the
oil pump assembly into the bearing carrier with the tab
and slot aligned.
6. Note the groove around outer edge of the oil pump
assembly and the stop pin in the oil pump cover.
Position the oil pump cover and new gasket with the
pin in the oil pump groove, rotating the oil pump as
needed. The bolt hole positions ensure proper
orientation of the oil pump cover.
7. BY HAND, tighten the oil pump cover bolts while the
pump cover is held flush with the bearing carrier.
NOTICE: If by hand tightening, the oil pump cover
Figure 19 Oil Pump cannot be drawn flush with the bearing carrier, the
drive tab or the stop pin are improperly aligned.
1. Remove the oil pump cover bolts and oil pump cover. Do not wrench tighten or the oil pump will be
2. Remove the oil pump assembly, drive cone and damaged.
spring. 8. Once the oil pump cover is secured by hand, the bolts
3. Clean and inspect parts for wear or damage, replace may be evenly tightened per Table 7 - "Bolt Torque."
as necessary.
If a compressor is not to be put into service for some time, 4. If a purge gas is not available, fog oil into the
or if a compressor is to be taken out of service for an compressor suction while rotating the unit. Then plug
extended period, care must be taken to protect the all openings to keep out moisture, insects, etc.
compressor. The following steps must be taken for both
5. Turn the flywheel by hand a few revolutions once
bare compressors and those already piped into a system.
a month to distribute the oil.
If proper storage procedures are not followed, damage
6. Store the unit under a plastic wrap on its wooden
to the compressor may occur. Complete compressor
shipping base up off the ground. If the unit was boxed
disassembly and replacement of rod packing, bearings
for export shipment, leave it in its box. An indoor or
and other parts may be required.
covered storage area is preferable.
7. Placing the Compressor back in service.
1. Keep a written record storage procedures performed
When the compressor is to be put in service, vent the
preferably on the unit itself.
remaining purge gas and change the crankcase oil.
2. Fill the crankcase with rust inhibiting oil. (New Follow the "Pre-Startup Checklist" and "Startup
compressors leave the factory without oil.) Squirt oil Procedure" sections in this manual.
on the piston rods and crossheads through the
nameplate opening. Loosen the V-belts to relieve the
load on the bearings. Rotate the compressor by hand
a few times to distribute the oil. Hazardous pressure can
3. Plug all openings and purge the compressor with an cause property damage,
inert gas such as nitrogen or dry air at about 50 psig
(3.5 bar-g). This may be done at the factory if serious personal injury
or death.
requested. Leave the compressor pressurized to
prevent air or moisture from entering the unit. Compressor is pressurized with inert gas.
Check the unit monthly and add additional purge gas CAREFULLY bleed off gas BEFORE
as needed. attempting any service.
NOTICE: Tag the unit with a warning that it is
pressurized. Figure 20 Pressurized Compressor Tag
IF PROBLEM
PROBLEM STEP PROBABLE CAUSE WHAT TO CHECK STILL EXISTS
GO TO STEP ...
4-Way Valve Leaking Lubricate with a stick lubricant compatible with
1 2
(when equipped) material being transferred.
Check condition of rings by restricting discharge
2 Worn or Broken Piston Rings line. If pressure increases slowly, rings are 3
probably faulty.
Low 3 Plugged Strainer Clean screen as necessary. 4
Transfer
Rate Remove and inspect for broken or worn springs,
4 Compressor Valve Faulty 5
discs, or bodies. See "Valve Replacement".
Tighten belts, check for sheared keys, loose keys
5 Compressor Drive Slipping 6
or loose flywheel.
Piping Improperly Designed or
6 Use proper pipe sizes. 7
Installed
Stop the compressor to let the excess flow open.
No 7 Excess Flow Valves Slugged Installation of a valved bypass line between the 3& 4
Flow suction and discharge lines may be necessary.
DECLARATION OF DECLARATION OF
CONFORMITY INCORPORATION
As defined by the ATEX directive 94/9/EC As defined by the Machinery Directive 98/37/EC
Herewith we declare that all Blackmer LB and HD Herewith we declare that all Blackmer LB and HD
compressor product lines to which this declaration relates compressor product lines to which this declaration relates
are in conformity with the provisions of the ATEX are in conformity with the provisions of the Machinery
Directive 94/9/EC as of 01 July 2003. This equipment is a Directive, 98/37/EC Annex IIA as of 01 July 2003. The
reciprocating compressor for liquefied gas transfer or gas above equipment is a reciprocating compressor designed for
compression applications. This device is not intended to act liquefied gas transfer or gas compression applications. This
as a safety accessory. device is not intended to act as a safety accessory.
Applied Harmonized Standards: This component must not be operated until the machine into
EN1127-1, EN13463-1 which it is incorporated has been declared in conformity
with the provision of the directive.
Applied Harmonized Standards:
EN1012-1, EN292
Date: 28 June 2010
Thomas Madden.
Vice President and General Manager
Date: 28 June 2010
Thomas Madden.
Vice President and General Manager
www.blackmer.com
Stainless Steel Sliding Vane Pumps
Sliding Vane Pumps: 5 to 2200 GPM 1 to 265 GPM: Acids, Brines, Sugars, Syrups,
Refined Fuels, Liquefied Gases, Solvents,Process Beer, Beet Juice, Cider, Flavor Extracts, etc.