I.

Input data
Tank mean Diameter D = 39 m
Tank Height H = 22 m
Dome roof Radius RR = 1.5 x D = 58.5 m
Number of main Rafters NMR = 44 -
Super. Load PL = 1.2 kN/m2
Rafter section size is:
Depth hr = 350 mm
Width br = 170 mm
Flage thk. tf,r = 11.7 mm
Web thk. tw,r = 2 mm
Purlins section size is: - Angle
Depth hp = 90 mm
Width bp = 90 mm
Flage thk. tf,p = 10 mm
Web thk. tw,p = 10 mm
Rafter weight 36.4 kg/m
Roof plate thickness 5 mm
Roof plate corrosion allow. 0 mm
Other uniform roof load (Purlins, other,..) po = 0.031 kN/m2
Crown ring pcr = 7.62 kN = 0.01 kN/m2
Design load for roof TL = 1.62 kN/m2
Radius to inner end of Rafter RU = 1250 mm
Dia. to inner end of Rafter RD = 2500 mm
Radius at outer end of Rafter RL = 19500 mm
For lateral restraint the Rafter is split into 5
(Section by fitting Purlins. Actually there are 6 section, but the outer one is not at the same spacing as the others
therefore is ignored here).
II. Dome Roof Design
1. Determine load applied by the structure Crown Ring
PCL =(RD^2)/4TL/NMR
= 0.18 kN

2. Determine geometery of any section

F1 =sin^(1)(RU/RR)
Angle subtended by RU = 0.02 rads.
F2 =sin^(1)(RL/RR)
Angle subtended by RL = 0.34 rads.
Angle subtended by section F3 =F2F1 = 0.32 rads.
Rise in height of section F4 =[(1cosF2 )(1cosF1 ]RR = 3.33 m
Arc length RL to F4 ARC =F3RR = 18.63 m
3. Determine Load on Rafter section

HTR =(2RU)/NMRTL
Load value at inner end of Rafter = 0.29 kN/m
HTT =(2(RLRU))/NMRTL
Load value at outer end of Rafter = 4.23 kN/m

4. Reactions at lower end of Rafter section

Horizontal Reaction at Shell :
HTH=( HTR(RLRU) ^2/2+ HTT(RLRU) ^2/6+PCL(RLRU))/F4
= 85.89 kN

Vetical Reaction at Shell :

VTH=HTR(RLRU)+(HTT(RLRU))/2+PCL
= 44.04 kN

5. Calculations at 50 No. intervals

 Present arc distance from upper end of section, XN
F7 =XN/RR
Angle subtended by XN

Horizontal distance HD = RRsin (F1+F7)RU

Vertical distance at point F8 =RR[(1cos(F1+F7)(1cosF1 ))]
6. Bending moment at the above intervals
BM =HTHF8+(HTTHD^3)/(6(RLRU) )+(HTRHD^2)/2+PCLHD

7. Shear force at above intervals

Vertical load at any point considered
F10 =(HTTHD^2)/(2(RLRU) )+HTRHD+PCL

Shear load at point considered SF =F10cos (F1+F7)+(HTHsin(F1+F7) )

Compression at above intervals
COM =F10sin (F1+F7)+HTTcos(F1+F7)
8. Stress at above intervals
Stress in top flange TOP =f_c+f_b
Stress in bottom flange BTM =f_c+f_b
Where:
f_c =(COM)/(A of Rafter)
Stress due to Compression

f_bc =BM/(Z of Rafter)

Stress due to Bending moment

9. Properties of Rafter
Depth hr = 350 mm
Width br = 170 mm
Flage thk. tf,r = 11.7 mm
Web thk. tw,r = 2 mm
Cross-section Area A = 5150 mm2
Section modulus X-X Zx = 561200 mm3
Moment Inertia X-X Ix = mm4
Moment Inertia Y-Y Iy = mm4
Radius of gyration about the minor axis ry = 38.5 mm
Modul E = 207000 MPa
Calculations made at - intervals along Rafter = 50
Variable
No. XN HD F7 F8 BM F10 SF COM fc fbc TOP BTM
arc (m) (Rad) (m) (kN.m) (kN) (kN) (kN) (Mpa) (Mpa) (Mpa) (Mpa)
1 0.373 0.372 ### 0.009 -0.696 0.30 -2.08 85.87 -16.67 -1.24 -17.91 -15.43
2 0.745 0.745 ### 0.021 -1.544 0.46 -2.47 85.86 -16.67 -2.75 -19.42 -13.92
3 1.118 1.117 ### 0.035 -2.532 0.65 -2.83 85.85 -16.67 -4.51 -21.18 -12.16
4 1.490 1.490 ### 0.051 -3.647 0.87 -3.15 85.84 -16.67 -6.50 -23.17 -10.17
5 1.863 1.862 ### 0.069 -4.878 1.12 -3.45 85.83 -16.67 -8.69 -25.36 -7.97
6 2.236 2.234 ### 0.090 -6.213 1.41 -3.71 85.82 -16.66 -11.07 -27.74 -5.59
7 2.608 2.606 ### 0.114 -7.640 1.72 -3.94 85.82 -16.66 -13.61 -30.28 -3.05
8 2.981 2.977 ### 0.140 -9.147 2.07 -4.14 85.82 -16.66 -16.30 -32.96 -0.36
9 3.353 3.349 ### 0.168 -10.723 2.45 -4.31 85.82 -16.66 -19.11 -35.77 2.44
10 3.726 3.720 ### 0.198 -12.355 2.86 -4.45 85.82 -16.66 -22.02 -38.68 5.35
11 4.099 4.091 ### 0.231 -14.032 3.30 -4.55 85.83 -16.67 -25.00 -41.67 8.34
12 4.471 4.462 ### 0.266 -15.743 3.78 -4.63 85.85 -16.67 -28.05 -44.72 11.38
13 4.844 4.833 ### 0.304 -17.475 4.29 -4.67 85.87 -16.67 -31.14 -47.81 14.47
14 5.217 5.203 ### 0.344 -19.218 4.82 -4.68 85.90 -16.68 -34.24 -50.92 17.57
15 5.589 5.574 ### 0.386 -20.960 5.39 -4.66 85.93 -16.69 -37.35 -54.03 20.66
16 5.962 5.944 ### 0.431 -22.689 5.99 -4.61 85.98 -16.69 -40.43 -57.12 23.73
17 6.334 6.313 ### 0.478 -24.394 6.63 -4.53 86.03 -16.70 -43.47 -60.17 26.76
18 6.707 6.683 ### 0.527 -26.064 7.29 -4.43 86.09 -16.72 -46.44 -63.16 29.73
19 7.080 7.052 ### 0.579 -27.688 7.98 -4.29 86.15 -16.73 -49.34 -66.07 32.61
20 7.452 7.420 ### 0.633 -29.255 8.71 -4.12 86.23 -16.74 -52.13 -68.87 35.38
21 7.825 7.788 ### 0.689 -30.754 9.46 -3.92 86.32 -16.76 -54.80 -71.56 38.04
22 8.197 8.156 ### 0.748 -32.174 10.25 -3.70 86.42 -16.78 -57.33 -74.11 40.55
23 8.570 8.524 ### 0.809 -33.504 11.07 -3.44 86.53 -16.80 -59.70 -76.50 42.90
24 8.943 8.891 ### 0.872 -34.734 11.91 -3.16 86.66 -16.83 -61.89 -78.72 45.07
25 9.315 9.258 ### 0.938 -35.853 12.79 -2.85 86.79 -16.85 -63.89 -80.74 47.03
 26 9.688 9.624 ### 1.006 -36.852 13.70 -2.51 86.94 -16.88 -65.67 -82.55 48.78
27 10.060 9.990 ### 1.077 -37.719 14.63 -2.14 87.10 -16.91 -67.21 -84.12 50.30
28 10.433 10.356 ### 1.149 -38.444 15.60 -1.75 87.28 -16.95 -68.50 -85.45 51.56
29 10.806 10.721 ### 1.224 -39.018 16.60 -1.33 87.47 -16.98 -69.53 -86.51 52.54
30 11.178 11.085 ### 1.302 -39.431 17.62 -0.88 87.68 -17.02 -70.26 -87.29 53.24
31 11.551 11.449 ### 1.382 -39.673 18.68 -0.41 87.90 -17.07 -70.69 -87.76 53.63
32 11.923 11.812 ### 1.464 -39.734 19.76 0.09 88.14 -17.11 -70.80 -87.92 53.69
33 12.296 12.175 ### 1.548 -39.605 20.88 0.61 88.39 -17.16 -70.57 -87.74 53.41
34 12.669 12.538 ### 1.635 -39.277 22.02 1.16 88.66 -17.22 -69.99 -87.20 52.77
35 13.041 12.900 ### 1.724 -38.741 23.19 1.73 88.95 -17.27 -69.03 -86.30 51.76
36 13.414 13.261 ### 1.815 -37.987 24.39 2.32 89.26 -17.33 -67.69 -85.02 50.36
37 13.786 13.622 ### 1.908 -37.007 25.62 2.94 89.58 -17.39 -65.94 -83.34 48.55
38 14.159 13.982 ### 2.004 -35.792 26.87 3.58 89.93 -17.46 -63.78 -81.24 46.32
39 14.532 14.341 ### 2.103 -34.334 28.16 4.25 90.29 -17.53 -61.18 -78.71 43.65
40 14.904 14.700 ### 2.203 -32.625 29.47 4.93 90.67 -17.61 -58.13 -75.74 40.53
41 15.277 15.058 ### 2.306 -30.656 30.81 5.64 91.07 -17.68 -54.62 -72.31 36.94
42 15.650 15.416 ### 2.411 -28.419 32.17 6.37 91.50 -17.77 -50.64 -68.41 32.87
43 16.022 15.772 ### 2.518 -25.907 33.56 7.12 91.94 -17.85 -46.16 -64.02 28.31
44 16.395 16.128 ### 2.628 -23.111 34.98 7.89 92.41 -17.94 -41.18 -59.13 23.24
45 16.767 16.484 ### 2.739 -20.026 36.43 8.68 92.89 -18.04 -35.68 -53.72 17.65
46 17.140 16.839 ### 2.853 -16.643 37.90 9.48 93.40 -18.14 -29.66 -47.79 11.52
47 17.513 17.193 ### 2.970 -12.956 39.40 10.31 93.93 -18.24 -23.09 -41.33 4.85
48 17.885 17.546 ### 3.088 -8.957 40.92 11.16 94.49 -18.35 -15.96 -34.31 -2.39
49 18.258 17.898 ### 3.209 -4.641 42.47 12.02 95.06 -18.46 -8.27 -26.73 -10.19
50 18.630 18.250 ### 3.332 0.000 44.04 12.90 95.66 -18.57 0.00 -18.57 -18.57
Maximum values are: 95.66 18.57 70.80
Compare max. bending stresses against allowable to BS 449-2:1969
The Rafter is not welded to the roof plating, therefore the relevant value of "ryy" is to be used based upon the effective
length between Purlins.
Length of Rafter Lr = ARC = 18.63 m
The Beam is split into: n - 5 sections by web stiffeners or purlins
Lr/n = L = 3.73 m
 ryy = 38.50 mm
Ratio Length and Radius of minor axis L/r = 96.8 -
Ratio overall depth and mean thk. of fl. D/t = 29.9
From L/r and D/t, since obtain Table 3a of BS 449-2:1969
Allow.compressive stress in axially pbc = 127 MPa
From L/r obtain Table 17a of BS 449-2:1969
Allowable stress pbc in bending pc = 86.2 MPa
Checking stress:
Actual compression stress fc = 18.57 MPa
Actual bending stress fbc = 70.80 MPa
FS =f_c/p_c +f_bc/p_bc
Since, = 0.77 = 1.00 OK

10. Crown Ring design

From Roark 5th edition Table 17 Ref. No.7
=2=2/NMR
Angle between Rafters = 0.143 rads.
1/2 Angle between Rafters = 0.071 rads.
1/ = 14.006
1/sin = 14.018
1/tan = 13.982
10.1. Selection of Crown Ring properties
240 mm 10 mm
15

29.6 mm

Center line tank

305 mm

84.8 mm

15 mm Crown ring radius = 1250.0 mm

Properties of Channel:
Depth h = 305 mm
Width b = 102 mm
Flage thk. tf = 15.4 mm
Web thk. tw = 10 mm
C.S. Area Ach = 5883.6 mm2
Centroid cx = 29.6 mm
Weight Wch1 = 46.18 kg/m
Properties of Plate rings:
bpr = max. 16 x tpr = 240 mm
tpr = 15 mm
Area plate ring Apr1 = 3600 mm2
total area Apr = 2 x Apr1 = 7200 mm2
Weight Wpr1 = 56.52 kg/m
Distance inner of Plate ring to inner of Channel tpc = 10 mm
1st m.o.a from back of channel:
Channel Sch = Ach x cx = 173931.6 mm3
Plate ring Spr = Apr x (bpr /2 + tpc) = 936000.0 mm3
C_cr =(S_i )/(A_i )
Position od centroid of section = 84.8 mm

Total weight of Crown Ring Wcr = 777.5 kg

Where:
Total weight of channel ring Wch = 333.6 kg
Total weight of Top & Btm plate ring Wpr = 443.91 kg
Summary Crown Ring
Cross sectional area A = 13083.6 mm2
Section modulus Z = 445480 mm3
Total weight W = 777.46 kg or = 7.62 kN
 Horizontal load H = HTH = 85.89 kN
10.2. Check Stress on Ring
M_o =HRU/2(1/sin 1/)
Bending moment between loads on Ring = 0.64 kN.m

N_o =H/21/sin
Compression in Ring is = 601.99 kN

_o =M_o/Z+N_o/A
Total compression stress in Ring = 47.45 MPa
Where:
Stress by bending moment Mo/Z = 1.43 MPa
Stress by compression No/A = 46.01 MPa
Allowable stress to BS 449 f = 2/3 x Fy = 180.0 MPa
-> Is the actual section in the Ring acceptable - YES
M_i =HRU/2(1/1/tan )
Bending moment at loads on Ring = 1.28 kN.m

N_i =H/21/tan
Tension in Ring is = 600.46 kN

_i =M_i/Z+N_i/A
Total Tension stress in Ring = 48.76 MPa
Where:
Stress by bending moment Mi/Z = 2.87 MPa
Stress by compression Ni/A = 45.89 MPa
Allowable stress to BS 449 f = 180.0 MPa
-> Is the actual section in the Ring acceptable - YES
10.3. Deflections in the Ring due to load from Rafters
D_(ri,p) =(HRU^3)/(2EI)[1/(sin )^2 (/2+(sincos)/2)1/]
Radial displacement at each load point (Inwards) = 5.4E-05 mm

Where:
Horizontal load H = 85.89 kN
Radius to inner end of Rafter RU = 1250 mm
E = 207000 MPa
 I = 61044000.0 mm4
= 0.071
1/ = 14.006 rads.
sin = 0.071
cos = 0.997
L_(e,i) =(2RU)/NMR
Length between loads inner end of Rafter = 178.5 mm

Acceptable displacement Le,i/200 = 0.892

-> Is displacement acceptable Dri,p < Le/200 - YES
D_(r1,bp) =(HRU^3)/(4EI)[2/1/sin ((cos/(sin )^2 ))]
Radial displacement between each load point (Outwards) = 4.7E-05 mm

-> Is displacement acceptable Dri,bp < Le/200 - YES

11. The design of the roof is accepted
In the above design method, the main Rafter are deemed to carry all the loadings and the Circumferential rings are there to give lateral
support to the Rafter but they do not take any appreciable. This means that the Rafters exert an appreciable horizontal load at their
attachment point to the shell and the top of the shell must be reinforced to take this load.
From the above calculation this load is seen to be HTH at 85.89 kN and the necessary reinforcement in this case is provided by a double
angle arrangement which is designed as follws:
12. Design of a Ring. (curb Angle) having multiple equispace
Design based on Roark theory Table 17 Case 7
Try two angle forming a box section

Number of equispaced loads acting on the Ring NMR = 44

Horizontal load on Crown Ring H = HTH = 85.89 kN
Radius of Outer Ring Ro = RL = 19500 mm
Cross Section area of Ring Ao = 9660 mm2
Moment of Inertia of Ring Io = 34212270 mm4
 Section of modulus of Ring Zo = 262494 mm3
From "Roark 5th Edition Table 17-7:
= 0.071
1/ = 14.006 rads.
sin = 0.071
cos = 0.997
tan = 0.072
12.1. Check Stress on Ring (Curb Angle)
M_or =HR_o/2(1/sin 1/)
Moment between loads = 9.97 kN.m

N_or =H/21/sin
Tension in Ring = 601.99 kN

_or =M_or/Z+N_or/A
Total compression stress in Ring = 100.31 MPa
Where:
Stress by bending moment Mor/Z = 37.99 MPa
Stress by compression Nor/A = 62.32 MPa
Allowable stress to BS 449 f = 2/3 x Fy = 180.0 MPa
-> Is the actual section in the Ring acceptable - YES
M_ir =HR_o/2(1/1/tan )
Moment under loads = 19.94 kN.m

N_ir =H/21/tan
Compression in Ring = 600.46 kN

_ir =M_ir/Z+N_ir/A
Total compression stress in Ring = 138.11 MPa
Where:
Stress by bending moment Mir/Z = 75.96 MPa
Stress by compression Nir/A = 62.16 MPa
Allowable stress to BS 449 f = 2/3 x Fy = 180.0 MPa
-> Is the actual section in the Ring acceptable - YES
12.2. Deflections in the Ring due to load from Rafters
 D_(ro,p) =(HR_o^3)/(2EI_o )[1/(sin )^2 (/2+(sincos)/2)1/]
Radial displacement at each load point (Outwards) = 0.36 mm

L_(e,o) =(2R_o)/NMR
Length between loads outer end of Rafter = 2784.6 mm

Acceptable displacement Le,o/200 = 13.92

-> Is displacement acceptable Dro,p < Le/200 - YES
D_(ro,bp)=(HR_o^3)/(4EI_o )[2/1/sin ((cos/(sin )^2 ))]
Radial displacement between each load point (Inwards) = 0.32 mm

-> Is displacement acceptable Dro,bp < Le/200 - YES

I. Input data
Tank mean Diameter D = 63.7 m
Tank Height H = m
Dome roof Radius RR = 1.5 x D = 95.55 m
Number of main Rafters NMR = 24 -
Super. Load PL = 1.2 kN/m2
Rafter section size is:
Depth hr = 850 mm
Width br = 200 mm
Flage thk. tf,r = 20 mm
Web thk. tw,r = 10 mm
Purlins section size is: - Angle
Depth hp = 200 mm
Width bp = 140 mm
Flage thk. tf,p = 14 mm
Web thk. tw,p = 10 mm
Rafter weight Wr 126.4 kg/m
Roof plate thickness tr = 5 mm
Roof plate corrosion allow. tc.a = 0 mm
Other uniform roof load (Purlins, other,..) po = 0.031 kN/m2
Crown ring pcr = 20.91 kN = 0.01 kN/m2
Design load for roof TL = 1.62 kN/m2
Radius to inner end of Rafter RU = 3350 mm
Dia. to inner end of Rafter RD = 6700 mm
Radius at outer end of Rafter RL = 31850 mm
For lateral restraint the Rafter is split into 5
(Section by fitting Purlins. Actually there are 6 section, but the outer one is not at the same spacing as the others
therefore is ignored here).
II. Dome Roof Design
1. Determine load applied by the structure Crown Ring
PCL =(RD^2)/4TL/NMR
= 2.38 kN

2. Determine geometery of any section

F1 =sin^(1)(RU/RR)
Angle subtended by RU = 0.04 rads.
F2 =sin^(1)(RL/RR)
Angle subtended by RL = 0.34 rads.
Angle subtended by section F3 =F2F1 = 0.30 rads.
Rise in height of section F4 =[(1cosF2 )(1cosF1 ]RR = 5.41 m
Arc length RL to F4 ARC =F3RR = 29.12 m
3. Determine Load on Rafter section

HTR =(2RU)/NMRTL
Load value at inner end of Rafter = 1.42 kN/m
HTT =(2(RLRU))/NMRTL
Load value at outer end of Rafter = 12.11 kN/m

4. Reactions at lower end of Rafter section

Horizontal Reaction at Shell :
HTH=( HTR(RLRU) ^2/2+ HTT(RLRU) ^2/6+PCL(RLRU))/F4
= 422.62 kN

Vetical Reaction at Shell :

VTH=HTR(RLRU)+(HTT(RLRU))/2+PCL
= 215.44 kN
5. Calculations at 50 No. intervals
Present arc distance from upper end of section, XN
F7 =XN/RR
Angle subtended by XN

Horizontal distance HD = RRsin (F1+F7)RU

Vertical distance at point F8 =RR[(1cos(F1+F7)(1cosF1 ))]
6. Bending moment at the above intervals
BM =HTHF8+(HTTHD^3)/(6(RLRU) )+(HTRHD^2)/2+PCLHD

7. Shear force at above intervals

Vertical load at any point considered
F10 =(HTTHD^2)/(2(RLRU) )+HTRHD+PCL

Shear load at point considered SF =F10cos (F1+F7)+(HTHsin(F1+F7) )

Compression at above intervals
COM =F10sin (F1+F7)+HTTcos(F1+F7)
8. Stress at above intervals
Stress in top flange TOP =f_c+f_b
Stress in bottom flange BTM =f_c+f_b
Where:
f_c =(COM)/(A of Rafter)
Stress due to Compression

f_bc =BM/(Z of Rafter)

Stress due to Bending moment

9. Properties of Rafter
Depth hr = 850 mm
Width br = 200 mm
Flage thk. tf,r = 20 mm
Web thk. tw,r = 10 mm
Cross-section Area A = 16100 mm2
Section modulus X-X Zx = 4.28E+06 mm3
Moment Inertia X-X Ix = 1.82E+09 mm4
Moment Inertia Y-Y Iy = 2.67E+07 mm4
Radius of gyration about the minor axis ry = 40.7 mm
Modul E = 207000 MPa
Calculations made at - intervals along Rafter = 50
Variable
No. XN HD F7 F8 BM F10 SF COM fc fbc TOP BTM
arc (m) (Rad) (m) (kN.m) (kN) (kN) (kN) (Mpa) (Mpa) (Mpa) (Mpa)
1 0.582 0.582 ### 0.022 -7.74 3.28 -14.11 422.40 -26.24 -1.81 -28.04 -24.43
2 1.165 1.164 ### 0.048 -16.41 4.33 -15.64 422.36 -26.23 -3.83 -30.06 -22.40
3 1.747 1.746 ### 0.077 -25.93 5.51 -17.03 422.32 -26.23 -6.05 -32.28 -20.18
4 2.330 2.327 ### 0.110 -36.22 6.84 -18.28 422.28 -26.23 -8.45 -34.68 -17.78
5 2.912 2.908 ### 0.146 -47.19 8.32 -19.38 422.26 -26.23 -11.01 -37.24 -15.21
6 3.494 3.489 ### 0.186 -58.77 9.93 -20.34 422.25 -26.23 -13.72 -39.94 -12.51
7 4.077 4.070 ### 0.230 -70.86 11.69 -21.16 422.26 -26.23 -16.54 -42.77 -9.69
8 4.659 4.651 ### 0.277 -83.39 13.59 -21.84 422.28 -26.23 -19.46 -45.69 -6.77
9 5.242 5.231 ### 0.327 -96.27 15.64 -22.38 422.32 -26.23 -22.47 -48.70 -3.76
10 5.824 5.811 ### 0.381 -109.43 17.82 -22.78 422.39 -26.24 -25.54 -51.78 -0.69
11 6.407 6.390 ### 0.439 -122.78 20.15 -23.04 422.48 -26.24 -28.66 -54.90 2.42
12 6.989 6.969 ### 0.500 -136.24 22.62 -23.16 422.59 -26.25 -31.80 -58.05 5.55
13 7.571 7.548 ### 0.565 -149.73 25.23 -23.14 422.74 -26.26 -34.95 -61.20 8.69
14 8.154 8.127 ### 0.633 -163.17 27.97 -22.99 422.92 -26.27 -38.08 -64.35 11.81
15 8.736 8.705 ### 0.705 -176.48 30.86 -22.70 423.14 -26.28 -41.19 -67.47 14.91
16 9.319 9.282 ### 0.780 -189.59 33.89 -22.28 423.39 -26.30 -44.25 -70.55 17.95
17 9.901 9.859 ### 0.859 -202.41 37.06 -21.72 423.69 -26.32 -47.24 -73.56 20.93
18 10.483 10.436 ### 0.941 -214.87 40.36 -21.03 424.02 -26.34 -50.15 -76.49 23.81
19 11.066 11.012 ### 1.027 -226.89 43.81 -20.21 424.41 -26.36 -52.95 -79.31 26.59
20 11.648 11.587 ### 1.116 -238.39 47.39 -19.26 424.84 -26.39 -55.64 -82.03 29.25
21 12.231 12.162 ### 1.209 -249.30 51.11 -18.18 425.31 -26.42 -58.19 -84.60 31.77
22 12.813 12.737 ### 1.305 -259.54 54.96 -16.98 425.84 -26.45 -60.58 -87.03 34.13
23 13.396 13.311 ### 1.405 -269.05 58.95 -15.64 426.43 -26.49 -62.80 -89.28 36.31
24 13.978 13.884 ### 1.508 -277.74 63.08 -14.18 427.07 -26.53 -64.82 -91.35 38.30
 25 14.560 14.456 ### 1.615 -285.55 67.34 -12.60 427.77 -26.57 -66.65 -93.21 40.08
26 15.143 15.028 ### 1.725 -292.39 71.73 -10.89 428.53 -26.62 -68.24 -94.86 41.63
27 15.725 15.599 ### 1.839 -298.21 76.26 -9.07 429.35 -26.67 -69.60 -96.27 42.93
28 16.308 16.170 ### 1.956 -302.93 80.92 -7.12 430.24 -26.72 -70.70 -97.43 43.98
29 16.890 16.740 ### 2.077 -306.48 85.72 -5.06 431.20 -26.78 -71.53 -98.31 44.75
30 17.472 17.309 ### 2.201 -308.80 90.64 -2.88 432.22 -26.85 -72.07 -98.92 45.23
31 18.055 17.877 ### 2.329 -309.81 95.70 -0.58 433.32 -26.91 -72.31 -99.22 45.40
32 18.637 18.444 ### 2.460 -309.46 100.88 1.82 434.49 -26.99 -72.23 -99.21 45.24
33 19.220 19.011 ### 2.595 -307.67 106.19 4.34 435.74 -27.06 -71.81 -98.87 44.74
34 19.802 19.577 ### 2.733 -304.38 111.64 6.97 437.06 -27.15 -71.04 -98.19 43.89
35 20.385 20.142 ### 2.874 -299.53 117.21 9.70 438.47 -27.23 -69.91 -97.14 42.68
36 20.967 20.706 ### 3.019 -293.06 122.90 12.54 439.95 -27.33 -68.40 -95.73 41.07
37 21.549 21.269 ### 3.167 -284.90 128.72 15.49 441.52 -27.42 -66.49 -93.92 39.07
38 22.132 21.831 ### 3.319 -275.00 134.67 18.53 443.17 -27.53 -64.18 -91.71 36.66
39 22.714 22.393 ### 3.474 -263.29 140.74 21.68 444.91 -27.63 -61.45 -89.09 33.82
40 23.297 22.953 ### 3.633 -249.73 146.94 24.92 446.74 -27.75 -58.29 -86.03 30.54
41 23.879 23.513 ### 3.795 -234.25 153.25 28.26 448.66 -27.87 -54.67 -82.54 26.81
42 24.461 24.071 ### 3.960 -216.80 159.69 31.69 450.67 -27.99 -50.60 -78.59 22.61
43 25.044 24.628 ### 4.129 -197.32 166.25 35.21 452.78 -28.12 -46.05 -74.18 17.93
44 25.626 25.185 ### 4.302 -175.76 172.93 38.83 454.98 -28.26 -41.02 -69.28 12.76
45 26.209 25.740 ### 4.477 -152.07 179.72 42.53 457.28 -28.40 -35.49 -63.90 7.09
46 26.791 26.294 ### 4.656 -126.21 186.64 46.31 459.67 -28.55 -29.46 -58.01 0.91
47 27.373 26.847 ### 4.839 -98.12 193.67 50.18 462.17 -28.71 -22.90 -51.61 -5.81
48 27.956 27.399 ### 5.024 -67.75 200.81 54.12 464.77 -28.87 -15.81 -44.68 -13.06
49 28.538 27.950 ### 5.213 -35.06 208.07 58.15 467.46 -29.04 -8.18 -37.22 -20.85
50 29.121 28.500 ### 5.406 0.00 215.44 62.25 470.27 -29.21 0.00 -29.21 -29.21
Maximum values are: 470.27 29.21 72.31
Compare max. bending stresses against allowable to BS 449-2:1969
The Rafter is not welded to the roof plating, therefore the relevant value of "ryy" is to be used based upon the effective
length between Purlins.
Length of Rafter Lr = ARC = 29.12 m
The Beam is split into: n - 5 sections by web stiffeners or purlins
 Lr/n = L = 5.82 m
ryy = 40.75 mm
Ratio Length and Radius of minor axis L/r = 142.9 -
Ratio overall depth and mean thk. of fl. D/t = 42.5
From L/r and D/t, since obtain Table 3a of BS 449-2:1969
Allow.compressive stress in axially pbc = 84 MPa
From L/r obtain Table 17a of BS 449-2:1969
Allowable stress pbc in bending pc = 47.0 MPa
Checking stress:
Actual compression stress fc = 29.21 MPa
Actual bending stress fbc = 72.31 MPa
FS =f_c/p_c +f_bc/p_bc
Since, = 1.48 = 1.00 Re-check

10. Crown Ring design

From Roark 5th edition Table 17 Ref. No.7
=2=2/NMR
Angle between Rafters = 0.262 rads.
1/2 Angle between Rafters = 0.131 rads.
1/ = 7.639
1/sin = 7.661
1/tan = 7.596
10.1. Selection of Crown Ring properties
240 mm 10 mm
15

29.6 mm

Center line tank

305 mm

84.8 mm
 15 mm Crown ring radius = 3350.0 mm

Properties of Channel:
Depth h = 305 mm
Width b = 102 mm
Flage thk. tf = 15.4 mm
Web thk. tw = 10 mm
C.S. Area Ach = 5883.6 mm2
Centroid cx = 29.6 mm
Weight Wch1 = 46.18 kg/m
Properties of Plate rings:
bpr = max. 16 x tpr = 240 mm
tpr = 15 mm
Area plate ring Apr1 = 3600 mm2
total area Apr = 2 x Apr1 = 7200 mm2
Weight Wpr1 = 56.52 kg/m
Distance inner of Plate ring to inner of Channel tpc = 10 mm
1st m.o.a from back of channel:
Channel Sch = Ach x cx = 173931.6 mm3
Plate ring Spr = Apr x (bpr /2 + tpc) = 936000.0 mm3
C_cr =(S_i )/(A_i )
Position od centroid of section = 84.8 mm

Total weight of Crown Ring Wcr = 2132.6 kg

Where:
Total weight of channel ring Wch = 942.9 kg
Total weight of Top & Btm plate ring Wpr = 1189.67 kg
Summary Crown Ring
Cross sectional area A = 13083.6 mm2
Section modulus Z = 445480 mm3
 Total weight W = 2132.6 kg or = 20.91 kN
Horizontal load H = HTH = 422.62 kN
10.2. Check Stress on Ring
M_o =HRU/2(1/sin 1/)
Bending moment between loads on Ring = 15.47 kN.m

N_o =H/21/sin
Compression in Ring is = 1618.92 kN

_o =M_o/Z+N_o/A
Total compression stress in Ring = 158.47 MPa
Where:
Stress by bending moment Mo/Z = 34.74 MPa
Stress by compression No/A = 123.74 MPa
Allowable stress to BS 449 f = 2/3 x Fy = 180.0 MPa
-> Is the actual section in the Ring acceptable - YES
M_i =HRU/2(1/1/tan )
Bending moment at loads on Ring = 30.92 kN.m

N_i =H/21/tan
Tension in Ring is = 1605.07 kN

_i =M_i/Z+N_i/A
Total Tension stress in Ring = 192.09 MPa
Where:
Stress by bending moment Mi/Z = 69.42 MPa
Stress by compression Ni/A = 122.68 MPa
Allowable stress to BS 449 f = 180.0 MPa
-> Is the actual section in the Ring acceptable - Re-check
10.3. Deflections in the Ring due to load from Rafters
D_(ri,p) =(HRU^3)/(2EI)[1/(sin )^2 (/2+(sincos)/2)1/]
Radial displacement at each load point (Inwards) = 3.1E-02 mm

Where:
Horizontal load H = 422.62 kN
Radius to inner end of Rafter RU = 3350 mm
 E = 2.07E+05 MPa
I = 6.10E+07 mm4
= 0.131
1/ = 7.639 rads.
sin = 0.131
cos = 0.991
L_(e,i) =(2RU)/NMR
Length between loads inner end of Rafter = 877.0 mm

Acceptable displacement Le,i/200 = 4.385

-> Is displacement acceptable Dri,p < Le/200 - YES
D_(r1,bp)=(HRU^3)/(4EI)[2/1/sin ((cos/(sin )^2 ))]
Radial displa. between each load point (Outwards) = 2.8E-02 mm

-> Is displacement acceptable Dri,bp < Le/200 - YES

11. The design of the roof is accepted
In the above design method, the main Rafter are deemed to carry all the loadings and the Circumferential rings are there to give lateral
support to the Rafter but they do not take any appreciable. This means that the Rafters exert an appreciable horizontal load at their
attachment point to the shell and the top of the shell must be reinforced to take this load.
From the above calculation this load is seen to be HTH at 422.62 kN and the necessary reinforcement in this case is provided by a double
angle arrangement which is designed as follws:
12. Design of a Ring. (curb Angle) having multiple equispace
Design based on Roark theory Table 17 Case 7
Try two angle forming a box section

Number of equispaced loads acting on the Ring NMR = 24

Horizontal load on Crown Ring H = HTH = 422.62 kN
Radius of Outer Ring Ro = RL = 31850 mm
Cross Section area of Ring Ao = 9660 mm2
 Moment of Inertia of Ring Io = 3.42E+07 mm4
Section of modulus of Ring Zo = 2.62E+05 mm3
From "Roark 5th Edition Table 17-7:
= 0.131
1/ = 7.639 rads.
sin = 0.131
cos = 0.991
tan = 0.132
12.1. Check Stress on Ring (Curb Angle)
M_or =HR_o/2(1/sin 1/)
Moment between loads = 147.13 kN.m

N_or =H/21/sin
Tension in Ring = 1618.92 kN

_or =M_or/Z+N_or/A
Total compression stress in Ring = 728.08 MPa
Where:
Stress by bending moment Mor/Z = 560.49 MPa
Stress by compression Nor/A = 167.59 MPa
Allowable stress to BS 449 f = 2/3 x Fy = 180.0 MPa
-> Is the actual section in the Ring acceptable - Re-check
M_ir =HR_o/2(1/1/tan )
Moment under loads = 294.00 kN.m

N_ir =H/21/tan
Compression in Ring = 1605.07 kN

_ir =M_ir/Z+N_ir/A
Total compression stress in Ring = 1286.18 MPa
Where:
Stress by bending moment Mir/Z = 1120.02 MPa
Stress by compression Nir/A = 166.16 MPa
Allowable stress to BS 449 f = 2/3 x Fy = 180.0 MPa
-> Is the actual section in the Ring acceptable - Re-check
12.2. Deflections in the Ring due to load from Rafters
D_(ro,p) =(HR_o^3)/(2EI_o )[1/(sin )^2 (/2+(sincos)/2)1/]
Radial displacement at each load point (Outwards) = 48.21 mm

L_(e,o) =(2R_o)/NMR
Length between loads outer end of Rafter = 8338.3 mm

Acceptable displacement Le,o/200 = 41.69

-> Is displacement acceptable Dro,p > Le/200 - Re-check
D_(ro,bp)=(HR_o^3)/(4EI_o )[2/1/sin ((cos/(sin )^2 ))]
Radial displacement between each load point (Inwards) = 42.20 mm

-> Is displacement acceptable Dro,bp > Le/200 - Re-check