)URNAL OF CHEMISTRY AND APPLICATION / TAP CHI COA HOI HO/0k HOC VleT NAM - ISSN1859-4069

MIA HOC VA tin Dun N

\
JOLRNAL OF CHEMISTRY AND APPLICATION 1859-4069
2 sei/thang
TAP CHI CeIA HOI HOA HOC VIeT NAM
HOI BONG BIEN TAP

NGUYEN WONG, NGUYEN Dot CHUY,

TRAN THANH HUE, LE QUOC KHANH,
CHAU VAN MINH, DANG VU MINH,
IRAN TRUNG NINH, NGUYEN DANG
QUANG, HO vir-r QU'"(, CHU PHAM NGQC
SON, IRAN QUOC SON, HO Si THOANG,
NGO THI THUAN, QUACH DANG TRIEU,
NGUYEN XUAN TRUING
Tang Bien tap:
PGS, TS, NGUT NGUYEN BANG QUANG
Phci Ping Bien tap - Tint k ta span:
NGUYEN Hit DUG
DIE2 DAY TOT VA HOC TOT MON HOA HOC
I
, I, 4- NGUYEN MINH TUAN - Phan dang va tra 'di cau hoi
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MTh tan dm cac chgt
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gon dg gig] OR s6 dang bai tgp hOa hoc vO c0
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. dung dich muiii
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Cau lac b0 kharn pha hOa hoc
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quan Nam -11.( Liem - Ha Ni
Phat hanh ngay 05 tia 20 hang thang
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PHAN DANG VA TRA Lori CAU H6I
TONG HOP KIEN THGC Hatt HUI/ CCi
Tru'dng THPT chuyen Wing Vudng, tinh Phu Tho
1. Xac dinh chit phin vi H2
Wing hop chat CO kha nang phan ang vai H2 (t,
xt) bao gdm:
- Cac hOp chat khOng no la nhiing hOp chat trong
phan tii c6 lien kdt.
- Cac hop chat chda chdc aldehyd, ceton.
VI du 1: Hay cho biat nhiing chat nao sau day c6 khi
hydro h6a cho ding san phdm?
A. But-1-en, butha-1,3-dien, vinyl acethylen
B. Propen, propin, isobuthylen
C. Ethyl benzen, p-xilen, stiren
D. Ethylen, acethylen va propandien
Hiking din:
Nhi.ing chat khi hydro h6a cho ding mOt san pham
la but-l-en, butha-1,3-dien, vinyl acethylen.
Phdong trinh phan (mg:
CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 + H2 (t, Ni) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + 2H (t, Ni) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH2=CH-C...CH + H2 (t, Ni) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
Chon dap an A.
VI du 2: Trong cac chat: stiren, acid acrylic, acid
acetic, vinylacethylen va buthan, s6 chat cO kha nang
tham gia phan dng cdng hydro Odic tac Ni, dun
nOng) la:
A.3 B.5
C.2 D.4
Hu'dng
Trong s6 cac chat tren, c6 3 chat trong phan tir cO
lien kat Tr kern ben, cO thd thann gia phan ang cOng H2
(t, Ni), dO la stiren, acid acrylic, vinylacethylen.
Phdong trinh phan ang:
Hon hoc & ling dung
Ss' 08 (284)/2017
r.ge4eave4ceamewoWa4V
NGUAN MINH TlaN
C6H5CH=CH2 + H2 (t, Ni) --> C6H5CH2-CH3
CH2=CH-COOH + 3H2 (t, Ni) CH3-CH2-COOH
CH-a-C-CH=CH2 + 3H2 (t, Ni) > CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
Chon dap an A.
2. Xic dinh chit phin dng vi dung dich Br2
Nhiing Rip chat hau co c6 kha nang phan Ong vdi
dung dich nddc brom bao
- Hop chat khOng no (hydrocarbon khOng no, alkol
khOng no, aldehyd khOng no...).
- Hcip chat c6 nhOm -CHO (aldehyd, acid fomic, mu6i
ca acid fomic, este ci.la acid fomic, glucozo).
- Phenol.
- Anilin.
Vi du 1: Cho day cac chat: CH_=C-CH=CH2; CH3COOH;
CH2=CH-CH2-0H; CH3COOCH=CH2; CH2=CH2. S6 chat
trong day lam mat mau rid& brom la:
A.5 B.3
C.4 D.2
Hudng
S6 chat lam mat mau nddc brom la 4, dO la CFWC-
CH=CH2; CH2=CH-CH2-0H; CH3COOCH=CH2; CH2=CH2.
Phdcing trinh phan (frig:
CH=C-CH=CH2 + 3Br2 CHBr2-CHBr2-CHBr-CH2Br
CH2=CH-CH2-0H + Br2 > CH2Br-CHBr-CH2-0H
CH3COOH=CH2 + Br2 CH3COOCHBr-CH2Br
CH2=CH2 + Br2 CH2Br-CH2Br
Chon dap an C.
Vi du 2: Trong cac chat: ethylen, benzen, stiren,
methyl acrylat, vinyl acetat, dinnethyl ete, s6 chat c6
kha nang lam mat nnau rid& brom la:
A.5 B. 4
Kr C.3
aiep 4"v4400.4.4*
aVa

D.6 d6 thudng la ethylen, acethylen, butha-1,3-dien, phenol

(C6H5OH), anilin.
Hu'dng
Phuting trinh pt.& ang:
Trong cac chat tren, c6 4 chat lam mat mau Rift
brom la ethylen, stiren, methyl acrylat, vinyl acetat. CH -CH + 2Br2 > CHBr2-CHBr 2
Phudng trinh phan (mg: CH2=CH2 + Br2 > CH2Br-CH2Br
CH2=CH2 + Br2 > CH2Br-CH2Br CH2=CH3-CH-CH2 + 2Br2 > CH2Br-CHBr-CHBr-
CH2Br
C6H5-CH=CH2 + Br2 C6H5-CHBr-CH2Br
CH2=C(CH3)-COOCH3 + Br2 > CH2Br-CBr(CH3)- Oil

COOC H3
-r 3Br2 r 1111ir
CH3COOC H=C H2 + Br2 > CH3COOCHBr-CH2Br
> Chan dap an B.

VI du 3: Cho day cac chat: stiren, alkol benzylic, NH,

anilin, toluen, phenol (C6H5OH). SO' chat trong day Co

kha nang lam mat mau nU6c brom la: 113r_ Br f 311131

A.2 B.5
C.4 D.3 Br

--> Chon dap an C.

Hu'dng din:
Trong day chat tren, s6 chat c6 kha nang lam mat 3. Mc Binh chit phin Ling vi dung dich
mat' P. 73c brom la 3, dO la stiren, anilin va phenol. AgNO3/NH3
Phucing trinh phan Ong: Nhang hop chat c6 kha nang phan ng vdi dung
N11, NI-12
dich AgNO3/NH3 bao
- Phan di CO nhOm -CHO (aldehyd, acid fomic, mu6i
Br
3E31'2 p. 3li Br dm acid fomic, este c6a acid fomic, glucozo); fructozo
(chuygn haa thanh glucozo trong mai trudng kiern).
BI Ban chat phan (mg la Ag+ oxy haa nhOm -CHO thanh
Olt nhOm -COONH4 va giai phOng Ag, goi la Olin Ong
trang guong.
Br
3Br, 3l1 Br
- Phan cO lien kgt CHC- (Alk-1-in...). Ban chat
phan iing la so' thay thg H 6 nguyen C CO lien kgt
CliBr
ba bang nguyen tC1 Ag, tao ta kgt t6a mau yang nhat.
CII,Br

Vi du 1: Cho cac chat sau: acethylen, vinylacethylen,

Br,
> Chan dap an C.
VI du 4: Cho cac chat sau: ethylen, acethylen, phe-
nol (C6H5OH), butha-1,3-dien, toluen, anilin. S6 chat lam
mat mau nudc brom 0 dieu kin thuting la:
A.4 B.2
C.5 D.3
Hueng
CO 5 chat lam mat mau dung dich nudc Br2 0 nhiet
aldehyd fomic, acid fomic, methyl fomiat, glycerol, sac-
carozo, fructozo, penta-1,3-diin. SO" chat tham gia phan
ang vdi dung dich AgNO3 trong NH3 du c6 kgt t6a yang
nhat la:
A.5 B.3
C.4 D.6
Hu'dng
Cac chat c6 kha nang tao kgt t6a yang khi phan ang
vdi AgNO3/NH3 la nhiing chat c6 lien kgt CC 0 du
mach carbon. Suy ra cO 3 chat thoa man la acethylen,
vinylacethylen va penta-1,3-diin.

Hera hoc & eng dung

go 08 (284)/2o17

Phdong trinh phan dng (dk: t):
CH-a-CH + 2AgNO3 + 2NH3 > CAgCAgl, + 2NH4NO3
CH4-CH=CH2 + AgNO3 + NH3 > AgC4-CH=CH2 +
NH4NO3
CI-1C-CH2-CCH + 2AgNO3 + 2NH3 > CApC-CH2-
+ 2NH4NO3
Chon dap an B.
VI do 2: Cho day cac chat: aldehyd acetic, acethylen,
glucozo, acid acetic, methyl acetat. S6 chat trong day c6
kha nang tham gia phan ang trang bac la:
A.2 B.4
C.5 D.3
Hueng an:
Chat c6 phan ang trang bac la chat CO chilc -CHO.
Suy ra trong s6 cac chat tren c6 hai chat tham gia
phan t'ing trang gong la aldehyd acetic va glucozo.
> Chon dap an A.
Vi do 3: Cac chat trong day nao sau day du tao ke't
tita khi cho tac dung vdi dung dich AgNO3 trong NH3 du',
dun n6ng?
A. Vinylacethylen, glucozo, dimethylacethylen
B. Vinylacethylen, glucozo, acid propionic
C. Vinylacethylen, glucozo, aldehyd acetic
D. Glucozo, dimethylacethylen, aldehyd acetic
Hu'dng dgn:
Day gm cac chat du tao ke't tita khi cho phan ifng
voi AgNO3/NH3 la: vinylacethylen, glucozo, aldehyd acetic.
> Chon dap an C.
Vi do 4: Day g6m cac chat du phan ang ddOc vOi
AgNO3/NH3 tao ra kim loai Ag la:
A. Benzaldehyd, aldehyd ocalic, ethyl fomiat, ethyl
acetat
B. Benzaldehyd, aldehyd ocalic, saccarozo, methyl
fomiat
C. Acethylen, aldehyd ocalic, ethyl fomiat, methyl fomiat
D. Benzaldehyd, aldehyd ocalic, amoni fomiat,
methyl fomiat
Hueng an:
Day g6m cac chat du phan ang duoc vdi
AgNO3/NH3 tao ra kim loai Ag la: benzaldehyd
(C6H5CH0), aldehyd ocalic (OHC-CHO), amoni fomiat
Ha hoc & Ing dung
s08 (284)/2017
" Xez
a(7y ave &re' ite-A -1)1
(HCOONH4), methyl fomiat (HCOOCH3). Tat Oa cac chat
trong day nay du c6 nhOm -CHO nen CO phan ang
trang guting.
Cac day chat cOn lai c6 nhang chat khOng c6 nhOm
-CHO ne'n khOng cO phan ang trang gifting la:
acethylen, ethyl acetat, saccarozo.
> Chon dap an D.
Vi do 5: Cho cac chat: (1) acethylen; (2) but-2-in ;
(3) methyl fomiat; (4) glucozo; (5) methyl acetat, (6)
fructozo, (7) amonifomiat. S6 chat tham gia ph5n
trang gticing la:
A.5 B.4
C.6 D.3
Hu'dng an:
Trong s6 cac chat de cho, c6 4 chat cO kha nang
tham gia phan ang trang guong la (3), (4), (6), (7).
Cac chat (3), (4), (7) trong phan tif c6 nhOm -CHO
nen c6 phan ang trang goong. Chat (6) tuy khOng cO
nhOm -CHO nhiing trong mOi tring kim lai chuyen
hda thanh hop chat c6 nhOm -CHO nen cOng c6 phan
ang trang gdOng.
> Chgn dap an B.
4. Xac dinh chit him tan Mc Cu(OH)2
NhOsng hp chat hi.tu cd co kha nang hOa tan ddoic
Cu(OH)2 bao gam:
- Cac hOp chat c6 it nhat hai nhOm -OH lien k6.
Dung dich thu diroc cO mau xanh tham.
- Acid carboxylic. Dung dich thu dtioc c6 nnau
xanh nhat.
- Peptit c6 tif 2 lien ke't peptit tra len. Dung dich thu
ddOc CO mau tim.
Vi do 1: Cho cac chat: rdou (alkol) ethylic, glycerin
(glycerol), glucozo, dimethyl ete va acid fomic. S6 chat
tac dung ddOc vai Cu(OH)2 la:
A.2 B.3
C.1 D.4
Htidng an:
NI-fang chat hOO cd tac dung ddOc vOi Cu(OH)2 nhiet
dO thodng la: acid carboxylic, Nip chat co it nhat 2
nhOm -OH lien ke nhau. Suy ra trong cac chat tren, c6
ba chat phan ang duoc vdi Cu(OH)2 la glycerol, glucozo,
acid fomic.
> Chon dap an A.
Igr:giedgy ee4"1,4 4o kivair, ca
Vi du 2: Cho cac chat: saccarozo, glucozo, frutozo,
ethyl fomiat, acid fomic va aldehyd acetic. Trong cac
chat tren, s6 chat vita ca kha nang tham gia phan Nig
trang bac vita c6 kha nang phan (mg vdi Cu(OH)2
digu kien thiiting la:
A.4 B.3
C. 2 D. 5 Nhang hop chat hal co cO kha nang phan ang vOl
Hueng din:
Cac chat vita CO kha nang tham gia phan trang
gOdng, vita cO kha n5ng phan drig dooc vOl Cu(OH) 2
nhiet dO thoting thi phai thoa man hai dreu kin:
Thit nhat, trong phan tI phai CO nhOnn -CHO ho5c CO
the chuygn hOa thanh hop chat cO nhOrn -CHO trong
mOi truting NH3.
Thd hai, phai la alkol da chdc CO it nhat hai nh6m
-OH lidn kd hoc phai CO nhOrn -COOH. Thda man
d6ng thdi ca hai dieu kin nay chi CO glucozo, frutozo
va acid fomic.
Vay s6 chat vita ca kha nang tham gia phan iing
trang bac vita cO kha nang phan (mg vdi Cu(OH)2 6
(Wei] kien thodng la 3.
Ghon dap an B.
Vi du 3: Ti6n hanh cac thi nghiem sau:
(1) Cho Cu(OH)2 vao dung dich 'Ong Wing triing.
(2) Cho dung dich iod vao dung dich ho tinh bOt
nhiet dO thoting.
(3) Cho Cu(OH) 2 vao dung dich glycerol.
(4) Cho Cu(OH)2 vao dung dich acid acetic.
(5) Cho Cu(OH)2 vao dung dich propan -1,3-diol.
Mau xanh xuat hien 0 nhang thi nghiem nao?
A. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) B. (2), (3), (4), (5)
C. (2), (4), (5) D. (2), (3), (4)
Hueng
Phan (Mg cOa Cu(OH)2 vai dung dich lOng tring
triing tao ra dung dich phdc nnau tim.
Phan dng dm dung dich iod vdi dung dich ho tinh
bOt tao ra dung dich mau xanh.
Phan iing cOa Cu(OH)2 vdi dung dich glycerol tao ra
dung dich phitc mau mau xanh tham.
Phan iing cOa Cu(OH)2 voi dung dich acid acetic tao
ra mu6i (CH3C00)2Cu CO mau xanh nhat.
Cu(OH)2 khOng phan dng clitoc vdi dung dich propan-
1,3-diol.
IS)
Suy ra: Mau xanh xuat hien 6 cac thi nghiem (2),
(3), (4).
Chon dap an B.
5. Xac Binh chit phin Ong viii dung dich kigm
(NaOH, KOH...)
dung dich kiem (NaOH, KOH...) bao Om:
- Phenol, acid carboxylic, este, chat beo, amino acid,
nnu6i amoni, peptit, protein, polieste, poliannit.
VI du 1: Cho day cac chat: phenol, anilin, phenyla-
moni chlorua, natri phenolat, ethanol. S6 chat trong day
phan dng duoc vOi NaOH (trong dung dich) la:
A.2 B.4
C.1 D.3
Hueng din:
Trong cac chat dO cho, CO hai chat phan (Mg dodc
vdi dung dich NaOH la phenol, va phenylamoni chlorua.
Phiicing trinh phan (mg:
C6H5OH + NaOH > C6H5ONa + H20
C6H5NH3CI + NaOH > C6H5NH2 + NaCl + H20
> Chon dap an A.
Vi du 2: Cho day cac dung dich: acid acetic, pheny-
lamoni chlorua, natri acetat, nnethylamin, glycin, phenol
(C6H5OH). S6 dung dich trong day tac dung ditdc vdi
dung dich NaOH la:
A.5 B.6
C.3 D.4
Hu'dng
S6 chat tac dung ditdc vdi dung dich NaOH la 4,
Om: acid acetic, phenylamoni chlorua, glycin, phenol.
Phdcing trinh phan (mg:
CH3COOH + NaOH > CH3COONa + H20
C6H5NH3CI + NaOH > C6H5NH2 + NaCI + H20
H2NCH2COOH + NaOH > H2NCH2COONa + H20
C6H5OH + NaOH > C6H5ONa + H20
> Chon dap an D.
Vi du 3: Cho cac chat: ethyl acetat, anilin, alkol
(Wu) ethylic, acid acrylic, phenol, phenylamoni chlorua,
alkol (ruou) benzylic, p-crezol. Trong cac chat nay, s6
chat tac dung ditOc vai dung dich NaOH la:
Hoa hoc & dung
Str 08 (284)/2017

A. 4 B. 3 - Amin, amino acid, nnu6i amoni ca acid hitu cO,
C. 6 D. 5 mu6i amoni acid carbonic, peptit, protein, annit.
Hu'dng din:
Cac chat phan ang vdi NaOH la ethyl acetat, acid
acrylic, phenol, phenylamoni chlorua, p-crezol.
Phuring trinh phan Ung:
CH3C00C2H5 + NaOH (e) CH3COONa + C2H5OH
CH2=CH-COOH + NaOH > CH2=CH-COONa + H20
C61-150H + NaOH > C61-150H + NaOH
C61-15NH3C1 + NaOH > C6I-15NH2 + NaCI + H20
p-CH3C6H4OH + NaOH p-CH3C61140Na + H20
Lu'u
Cac hop chat hEtu co phan ang disoc vdi dung dich
NaOH gorn: phenol, acid carboxylic, este, mu6i amoni,
peptit va protein, polieste, poliamit.
Chon dap an D.
VI di 4: Cho day cac chat: phenyl acetat, allyl ac-
etat, methyl acetat, ethyl fomiat, tripanmitin. S6 chat
trong day khi thy phan trong dung dich NaOH (du),
dun nOng sinh ra alkol la:
A.4 B.5
C.2 D.3
Hudng din:
Cac este tao bdi acid carboxylic va alkol, khi thy
phan trong mei trudng acid hoc m6i tribrig kik du
thu dukic alkol. Suy ra trong day chat tren c6 4 chat khi
thily phan trong dung dich NaOH (N), dun nOng sinh
ra alkol, dO l allyl acetat, methyl acetat, ethyl fomiat,
tripanmitin.
Phudng trinh phan fing:
CH3COOCH2-CH=CH2 + NaOH CH3COONa +
CH2=CH-CH2OH
CH3COOCH3 + NaOH CH3COONa + CH3OH
HCO0C2H5 + NaOH HCOONa + C2H5OH
C3H5(00CC15H31)3 + 3NaOH > C3H5(01-1)3
3C15H31COONa
> Chon dap an A.
6. Xac dinh chit phin Ong vdi dung dich acid HCI,
H2SO4 bang
Nhang hop chat hriu ea c6 kha nang phan Ung vOi
dung dich acid HCI, H2SO4 loang bao
1-145a ItQc & Ing dung
Sar 08 084)/2m
4,y &Iva 40 ,
mosefi
Nhiing hOp chat cO kha nang thy phan trong nnai
tilting acid bao gom:
- Este, chat beo, disaccarit, polisaccarit; peptit, amit.
VI dy 1: Cho day cac chat sou: toluen, phenyl fo-
miat, fructozo, glyxylvalin (Gly-val), ethylen glycol, tri-
olein. S6 chat bi thdy phan trong mOi tilting acid la:
B.5
A.6
C.4 D.3
Hueng din:
Trong day chat tren, cO ba chat bi thdy phan trong
mei taking acid, dO la phenyl fomiat, glyxylvalin (Gly-
val), triolein.
Phaing trinh phan ang:
HCO0C6H5 + H20 (t, W) HCOOH + C6H5OH
H2NCH2CONHCH(CH3)COOH + H20 (t, H+)
H2NCH2COOH + H2NCH(CH3)COOH
C3H5(00CCI7H33)3 + 3H20 (t, H+) C3H5(01-1)3 +
3C17H33C00H
Chpn dap an C.
Vi dy 2: Trong s6 cac chat: methyl acetat, tris-
tearin, glucozo, fructozo, saccarozo, tinh bet, xenlu-
lozo, anilin, alanin, protein. S6 chat tham gia phan
(mg thily phan la:
A.9 B.8
C.6 D.7
Hu'dng din:
S6 chat tham gia phan ang thdy phan la 6, dO la:
methyl acetat, tristearin, saccarozo, tinh bet, xenlulozo,
protein.
7. Cac dung cau hai tfing hop khac
Chyn phat bidu dting, si phat bidu dting; dim
phan tIng xay ra.
Vi dy 1: Cho cac phat bie'u sou:
(a)6 nhiet dethifOng, Cu(OH)2 tan du% trong dung
dich glycerol.
(b) O nhiet de thuOng, C2H4 phan Ling duQc vdi
niidc brom.
(c) D6t chay hoar' toan CH3COOCH3 thu chi% s6 mob
CO2 bhng s6 mob H20.
Krgl
e a y v 4c * Ala
(d) Glycin (H2NCH2COOH) phan (mg dkkc vdi dung
dich NaOH.
S6 phat bigu dung la:
A.3 B.4
C. 1 D.2
Hudng
Ca 4 phat bigu du
- Chon dap an B.
VI di 2: Cho cac phat bidu sau:
(a) Glucozo duoc goi la dikng nho do cO nhigu trong
qua nho chin.
(b) Chat beo la dieste dm glycerol vai acid beo.
(c) Ph5n tii amilopectin c6 cgu truc mach phan nhanh.
(d) nhiet dO thuting, triolein 6 trang thai ran.
(e) Trong m5t ong chira nhigu fructozo.
(f) Tinh bet la met trong nhiing laing thuc co ban
dia con ngudi.
S6 phat bigu dung la:
A.4 B.6
C.5 D.3
Hudng
S6 phat bigu di:mg la 4, bao gem (a), (c), (e), (f).
- Chon dap an A.
Vi da 3: Phat bigu nao sau day la diing?
A. Tat ca cac este du tan t6t trong nutic, khOng
dec, duoc dung lam chat tao hung trong c6ng nghigp
thuc phann, m9 pham.
B. Phan ang giaa acid acetic vdi alkol benzylic (6
digu kin thich hop), tao thanh benzyl acetat CO mUi
thOm dia chugi chin.
C. Trong phin Ong este haa gi6a CH3COOH vi
CH3OH, H20 tao nen tit -OH trong nhom -COOH caa
acid va H trong nhom -OH caa alkol.
D. Dg phan biet benzen, toluen va stiren (6 digu kin
thing) bang phu'Ong phap 116a hoc, chi can ding thutic
thic la raft brom.
Hu'dng din:
Phat bigu dung la "Trong phan ang este h6a giiia
CH3COOH vdi CH3OH, H20 tao nen til -OH trong nhOm
-COOH ch acid va H trong nhOm -OH dm alkol".
4r)
Cac phat bigu cOn lai du sai.
KhOng thg phan bit benzen, toluen va stiren bang
dung dich nu& Br2, vi chi c6 stiren phan ung lam mat
mau nutic brom.
Cac este du rat it tan trong nubc.
NU thorn caa chugi chin la mUi cUa este iso - amy
lacetat.
- Chon dap an C.
Vi di) 4: Diu nao sau day sai?
A. ling Arai cdng Mac phan ta C4F18 CO 3 alkel
mach ha.
B. Tach rinOt phan tif H2 tii buthan thu dkkic 3 alkel.
C. Cho propen di qua dung dich H3PO4 thu dim 2 alkol.
D. Dgt chay bat kl met alkel nao du thu dkkc s6 mol
nudc va s6 mol CO2 nhic nhau.
Hiking din:
Trong cac phat bigu da cho, phat bigu sai la "Ling
vdi cOng thac phan tit C4H8 c6 3 alkel mach h6".
Thijc t6, ang vdi c6ng thac phan tc C4H8 ca 4 dong
phan alkel mach h6.
Cac Oat bigu c6n lai du dung.
- Chon dap an A.
VI du 5: Cho cac phat bigu sau:
(a) Cac chat CH3NH2, C2H5OH, NaHCO3 du c6 kha
nang phan ang vOi HCOOH.
(b) Phan ang thg brom vao vOng benzen dm phe-
nol (C81-150H) de hon cOa benzen.
(c) Oxy h6a kh6ng hoan toan ethylen la pinfOng phap
hien dal dg sari xugt aldehyd acetic.
(d) Phenol (C81-150H) tan it trong ethanol.
Trong cac phat bigu tren, s6 phat bigu di:mg la:
A.2 B. 1
C.3 D.4
Hiking din:
Trong cac phat bigu tren, cO 3 phat bigu dung la:
(a) Cac chat CH3NH2, C2H5OH, NaHCO3 du cO kha
nang phan (mg vdi HCOOH.
PhUOng trinh phan (mg:
HCOOH + CH3NH2 HCOOH3NCH3NCH3
HCOOH + C2H5OH (t, xt) =4 . HCO0C2H5 + H20
Hon, hoc & eng dung
Ss' 08 (284)/2017

HCOOH + NaHCO3 HCOONa + CO2 + H20
(b) Phan (mg the' brom vao vOng benzen dm phe-
nol (C6H5OH) cre hon dia benzen.
Trong phan tir phenol, do anh Wong cOa nhOm -OH
clan vOng benzen nen mat dO electron tren vOng ben-
zen 6 cac vi tri 2, 4, 6 tang len, dan clan phan ling the'
Br vao vOng benzen dm phenol de hon dia benzen.
(c) Oxy rufia kh6ng hoan toan ethylen la phuOng phap
hien dai san xuat aldehyd acetic.
Phuting trinh phan (Mg:
2CH2=CH2 + 02 (t, xt) 2CH3-CHO
Chon dap an C.
Vi dy 6: Cho cac phat bigu sau:
(a) Khi d6t chay hoan toan mOt hydrocarbon X bat
ki, nau thu &pc s6 mol CO2 IOn hon s6 mol H20 thi X
la alkyl.
(b) Trong thanh phan hop chat him co nhat thiat
phai c6 carbon.
(c) Lien kat h6a hoc chi) yau trong hop chat hal cd
la lien kat cOng h6a tr.
(d) Nhiing hop chat hal co khac nhau c6 ding phan
tCi kh6i la Tong phan cOa nhau
(e) Phan 6ng hiu cd thiking xay ra nhanh va kh6ng
theo mOt hudng nhat dinh
(g) Hop chat C9H14 BrCI cO vOng benzen trong phan t6.
S6 phat bigu dung la:
A.4 B.5
C.3 D. 2
Hu'dng
Trong s6 cac Oat bigu tren, cO hai phat bigu dOng
l (b) va (c).
Cac phat bigu cOn lai du sal. VI:
Khi d6t chay hoan toan met hydrocarbon X ba't ki,
ngu thu diccic s6 mol CO2 On hcin s6 mol H20 till X ca
the la alkyl, akadien hoac benzen va cac d6ng clang.
Deng phan l nraing chat khac nhau c6 ding cOng
th6c phan
Phan Ung hflu co th6ting >CAN/ ra cham va khOng theo
met hiking xac dinh.
HO chat C9F114BrCI c6 dO bat bao h6a bang 2 nen
phan tir kh6ng the c6 vOng benzen. Phan tit hop chat
cci chi c6 the' c6 vOng benzen khi s6 nguyen ti C
trong phan t6 On hon hoac bang 6 va dO bat bao hOa
thia. hoc & fing dung
sir 08 (24)/2o/7
igeaii," 4,1 vaIc w, oWalZI
k 16n hon hoc bang 4.
Chgn dap an D.
VI du 7: Cho Ian 16Ot Na, dung dich NaOH vao cac
chat phenol, acid acetic, aldehyd acetic, alkol ethylic. S6
ln c6 phan 6ng xay ra la:
A.3 B.4
C. 5 D.6
Hudng
S6 Ian phan (mg xay ra la 5, cu thg la:
2Na + 2C6H50H 2C6H5ONa + H2
2Na + 2CH3COOH 2CH3COONa + H2
2Na + 2C2H50H 2C2H5ONa + H2
NaOH + C6H5OH C6H5ONa + H20
NaOH + CH3COOH CH3COONa + H2O
Chon dap an C.
Vi tIn 8: Trong cac chat: HOOCCH2CH(NH2 )COOH,
m-H0C6H4OH, p-CH3C00C6H4OH, CH3CH2COOH,
(CH3NH3)2CO3, CIH3NCH(CH3)COOH. CO bao nhieu chat
ma lmol chat dO phan (mg cluoc t6i da vdi 2mol NaOH?
A.4 B.3
C.6 D.5
Hi/Ong dan:
CO 4 chat thoa man yeu cu d6 bai la:
HOOCCH2CH(NH2)COOH, m-H0C6H4OH, (CH3NH3)2CO3,
CIH3NCH(CH3)COOH.
Phuting trinh phan ang:
HOOCCH2CH(NH2)COOH + 2NaOH
- Na0OCCH2CH(NH2)COONa + 2H20
HOC6H4OH + 2NaOH > Na0C6H4ONa + 2H20
(CH3NH3)2CO3 + 2NaOH -4 2CH3NH2 + Na2CO3
CIH3NCH(CH3)COOH + 2NaOH > NH2CH(CH3)COONa
+ NaCI + 2H20
- Chon dap an A.
Mc (filth chit phan dng va sin phim to thanh
a. Dang Idi din
VI dt) 1: Cho ba hydrocarbon mach h6 X, Y, Z (mx
< My < M7 < 62) c6 ding s6 nguyen tif carbon trong
phan t6, Tau phan 6ng vai dung dich AgNO3 trong NH3
Trong cac phat bigu sau:
(CO
gr e4 ye A,.? 91wieW
(a) 1mol X phan Ung t6i da vOi 4mol H2 (Ni, t).
(b) Chat Z cO (long phan hinh hgc.
(c) cha't Y CO ten ggi la but-1-in.
(d) Ba chat X, Y va Z du c6 mach carbon khOng
phan nhanh.
S6 phat bigu dung la:
A.2 B. 1
C.4 D.3
Hudng din:
Theo gia thigt, suy ra:
X l CH4-C-CH
Y l CHC-CH=CH2
Z la CH-=C-CH2-CH3
Vay cac y (a), (d) dOng.
Chon dap An A.
VI dg 2: ling vdi cOng thac phan tit C3H60 CO bao
nhieu hp chat mach [-Co bgn khi tac dung vdi khf H2
(xuc tac Ni, t) sinh ra alkol?
A.4 B.2
C.3 D. 1
Htidng
CO 3 Nip chat bgn cO cOng thilc phan tif l C3H60
khi phan Ung vai H2 (xuc tac Na, t) sinh ra alkol.
CH2=CH-CH2-0H (alkol allylic)
CH3-CH2-CH=0 (aldehyd propionic)
CH3-C-CH3 (aceton)
11
0
> Chon dap an C.
Vi du 3: ti digu kin thich hop: chat X phan (mg vdi
chat Y tao ra aldehyd acetic; chat X phan (Mg vdi chat
Z tao ra alkol ethylic. Cac chat X, Y, Z Ian likit la:
A. C2H4, 02, H20 B. C2H2, H20, H2
C. C2H4, H20, CO D. C2H2, 02, H20
Htidng din:
Chat X phan Ung vdi chat Y tao ra aldehyd acetic;
chat X phan vdi chat Z tao ra alkol ethylic. Suy ra
X la C2H4, Y l 02 va z l H20.
Phuung trinh phan Cing:
2CH2=CH2 + 02 (t, xt) > 2CH3CHO
CH2-CH2 + 02 (t, xt) > C2H5OH
> Chon clap an A.
VI du 4: Ba chat him cO X, Y, Z mach Hi cO ding
cOng thitc phan tit C2H402 va CO tinh chat sou:
- X tac dung duoc vOi Na2CO3 giai ph6ng CO2.
- Y tac dung duoc vOi Na va CO phan Ung tang guong.
- Z tac dung cluoc vdi dung dich NaOH, kh6ng tac
dung duoc vdi Na.
Cac chat X, Y, Z la:
A. X: HCOOCH3; Y: CH3COOH; Z: CH2(OH)CHO
B. X: CH2(OH)CHO; Y: CH3COOH; Z: HCOOCH3
C. X: CH3COOH; Y: HCOOCH3; Z: CH2(OH)CHO
D. X: CH3COOH; Y: CH2(OH)CHO; Z: HCOOCH3
I./Ong din:
X, Y, Z CO cOng thac phan la C2H402.
X tac dung duoc vdi Na2CO3 giai phOng CO2, suy ra
X la acid CH3COOH.
Y tac dung 110c vdi Na va cO phan [mg trang guOng,
suy ra Y c6 d6ng thdi hai nh6m chac la -CHO va -OH.
Y cO cOng thik la HOCH2CHO.
Z tac dung dugc vai dung dich NaOH, kh6ng tac
dung ditgc vdi Na, suy ra Z la este CO cOng thilc la
HCOOCH3.
> Chon dap An D.
VI dg 5: B6n chat hi.iu co don chac c6 cOng fink
phan tit: CH20, CH202, C2H402, C2H60 chi:mg thuOc cac
day d6ng Ting khac nhau, trong dO c6 hai chat tac
dung Na sinh ra H2. Hai chat dO cO cOng thilc phan
la:
A. CH202, C2H60 B. CH20, C2H402
C. C2H402, C2H60 D. CH202, C2H402
Hudng din:
Eitin chat cicin chac CH20, CH202, C2H402, C2H60 thuOc
cac day citing dAng khac nhau. Suy ra cOng thac
tao taing ang cOa chung l HCHO, HCOOH, HCOOCH3,
C2H5OH hoac CH3OCH3.
Vi HCHO va HCOOCH3 kh6ng CO phan Ung vdi Na va
trong b6n chat cO hai chat phan Ung vdi Na nen C2H60
c6 cOng cau tao l C2H5OH.
vay hai chat CO kha nang phan Ung vai Na l
CH202, C2H60
> Chgn dap an A.
Hem hoc & dung
Ss' 08 (284)/20/7
 fe!c f,, iv1 A mew
s,

Vi do 6: chgt x CO cOng thac phan tit C6H804. Cho Z IA C2H5OH.

1mol X phan (trig hat v6i dung dich NaOH, thu duoc PhLiOng trinh phan ang:
chat Y va 2nnol chat Z. Dun Z vdi dung dich H2SO4 dAc,
thu duOc dimethyl ete. Chat Y ph5n ang voi dung dich CaC2 + 2H20 > CHECH + Ca(OH) 2
H2SO4 loang (du), thu &Mc chat T. Cho T phan Ung vdi CH4H + H2 (+ H2, Pd/PbCO3, t) > CH2=CH2
HBr, thu dikic hai sari phem l citing phan cal] tao ca CH2=CH2 + 2H20 (+ H20, H2SO4, t) > C2H5OH
nhau. Phat bleu nao sau day dOng?
> Chgn dap an B.
A. chit T kitting co d6ng phan hinh hoc.
B. Chat X phan (mg vdi H2 (Ni, t) theo ti l mob 1 : 3. Vi du 2: Cho so do sau:
C. Chat Y co cOng thac phan t1 C4H404Na2- M > X X1 > PE
0. Chat Z lam mat mau nutic brom. > Y > Y, > Y2 > th0 tinh ca
C6ng tao ca M la:
Hu'dng din:
A. CH=CH2COOCH=CH2
Dun Z v6i dung dich H2SO4 dac, thu chi% dimethyl
ete. Suy ra Z IA CH3OH. B. CH2=C(CH3)C00C2H5
Thily phan 1mol C6H804 trong dung dich NaOH, thu C. C6H5C00C2H5
chat chat Y va 2mol CH3OH. Suy ra C6H804 la este hai D. C2H3C00C3H7
chac, phan ang vdi NaOH theo ti le mob le 1 : 2. Theo
bao toan nguyen t6 ta thay Y IA Na00C-CH=CH- COONa Hu'dng
hoac CH2=C(COONa) 2. Theo so do, suy ra: Y2 la methyl methacrylat, l
Theo gi5 thiat thi T IA HOOC-CH=CH-COOH hoec acid nnethacrylic, Y la mu6i cua acid methacrylic; X, IA
CH2=C(COOH)2. VI T phan Cing vai HBr cho hai sari ethylen, X la alkol etylic. Vey M la CH2=C(CH3)C00C2H5.
pham la d6ng phan cOa nhau nen T phai la Phisong trinh phan ang:
CH2=C(COOH)2. chgt x l CH2=C(COOCH3)2. CH2=C(CH3)-CO0C2H5 + NaOH (t) > CH2=C(CH3) -
Vey phat biau dOng "chst T kh6ng c6 [long phan COONa + C2H5OH
hinh hoc".
C2H5OH (H2SO4 dec, t) > CH2=CH2 + H20
Cac phat bleu c6n lai du sal. VI:
nCH2=CH2 (t, p, xt) > (-CH2 -CH2- )0
Chat X chi phan (mg difoc vdi H2 (t, Ni) theo ti l
2CH2=C(CH3)-COONa + H2SO4 loang >
mob la 1 : 1.
2CH2=C(CH3)-COOH + Na2SO4
Chat Y CO c6ng thiic phan IA C4H204Na2.
CH2=C(CH3)-COOH + CH3OH (H2SO4 dac, t) 17.
CH3OH kh6ng lam mat mail mitic brom. CH2=C(CH3)-COOCH3
> Chon dap an A. nCH2=C(CH3)-COOCH3 (t, xt, P) >
b. Dm sa d6 chuyn htia (-CH2=(CH3)C(COOCH3)-),
> Chgn dap an B.
VI do 1: Cho day chuyen hoa sau:
CaC2 H20) > X (+ H2, Pd/PbCO3, t) > Y (+ H20, VI du 3: HO chat X co c6ng thac C81-11404. TO' X
H2SO4, t) > Z thkic hien cac phan (mg (theo dung ti le mob):
Ten ggi dm X va Z lan ILiot la: (a) X + 2NaOH > X1 + X2 + H20
A. Acethylen va ethylen glycol (b) X1 + H2SO4 > X3 + Na2SO4
B. Acethylen Va alkol ethylic (c) nX3 + nX4 > nilon-6,6 + 2nH20
C. Ethan va ethanal (d) 2X2 + X3 > X5 2H20
D. Ethylen va alkol ethylic Phan tii kh6i dm X5 la:
A. 202 B. 174
Hu'dng din:
C. 198 D. 216
sO do phan ang ta thay x l C2H2, Y la C2H4 va

H6a hoc & ling dung

Sar 08 (284)/2077
 krgre 4y ea va kre ineW
r

Hiking d5n: VI dy 2: Cho X, Y, Z, T la cac chat khac nhau trong

TI (b) v (c), suy ra X3 la acid adipic, X1 la s6 4 chat: CH3NH2, NH3, C61-150H (phenol), C6H5NH2
Na00C(CH2)4COONa. Ap dung bao toan nguyen t6 cho (anilin) Va cac tinh chat du6c ghi trong bang sau:
phan ang (a), suy ra X2 la C2H5OH va X la
HOOC(CH 2)4C00C2H5. Ti (d) suy ra X5 la Chit X YZ T
C2H500C(CH2)4C00C2H5. Nhiet de sOi (C) 182 184 -6,7 -33,4
Phtiong trinh phan ang minh pH (dung dich 6,48 7,82 10,81 10,12
HOOC(CH 2)4C00C2H5 + 2NaOH > nong dif.) 0,001M)
Na00C(CH2)4COONa + C2H5OH + H20
Na00C(CH2)4COONa + H2SO4 > HOOC(CH 2)4COOH + Nhan xet nao sau day di:mg?

N a 2S 04 A. Y la C61-150H B. Z la CH3NH2

C. T la C6H5NH2 D. X la NH3
n ( au NE2 + n1400C(0 04-030/1
Hu'dng
to
N (CH2)6 N C (C1-12)4 C + 2nH20
T cO nhiet dO sOi thap nhat nen T la NH3. Vay kat
'MD 1110
Van T la C6H5NH2, X la NH3 khOng fing.
Nau Y la C6H5OH thi pH c6a dung dich nay phai nho
HOOC(CH2)4COOH + 2C2H50H (H2SO4 d'ac, t) > kin 7 do phenol cO tinh acid. Vey kat luan Y la C6H5OH
C2H500C(CH2)4C00C2H5 + 2H20 khOng eking.
> Chon dap an A. Suy ra kat luan dung la: Z l CH3NH2.
> Chon dap an B.
c. Dang bang bidu
VI du 3: Kat qua thi nghiem c6a cac dung dich X,
VI du 1: Cho ba hydrocarbon X, Y, Z. Nau d6t chay Y, Z, T vOi thu6c 11-16 chi% ghi bang sau:
0,23mol m6i chat thi the tich khi CO2 thu dir6c khOng
qua 17 lit (dktc). Tho hien cac thi nghiem tray c6 Miu tha Thuic thfr HiOn Ming
hien tilting nhir bang sau: CO mau
X Dung dich 12
xanh tim
Phan ang x
Y Z Cu(OH)2 trong m6i CO mau
vdi Y
tnking krem tim
Dung dich Ke't tba KhOng CO Kh6ng cO
AgNO3/NH3 yang ke't tiia ke't ti'm Dung dich AgNO3 trong K6't tua Ag
Z
NH3 du, dun nOng tang sang
Dung dich Mgt , Kh6ng
Mgt mau ,
brom mau mat mau Kel tila
T Nuoc Br2
traria
A. CH3-CC-CH3; CH2=CH-CH=CH2; CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
B. CH2=C=CH2; CH2=CH-CH3; CH3-CH2-CH3 Dung dich X, Y, Z, T Ian likit la:
C. CH---CH; CH2=CH-CH=CH2; CH3-CH3 A. H6 tinh bOt, lOng trang trang, anilin, glucozo
D. CHE-C-CH3; CH2=CH-CH3; CH3-CH3 B. LOng trang trang, ho tinh bOt, glucozo, anilin
C. HO tinh bOt, long tring trdng, glucozo, anilin
Hudng d5n:
D. HO tinh bOt, anilin, long tring tang, glucozo
nc02 < 17 : 22,4
> C(x,y < 17 : (22,4 x 0,23) = 3,299 HUdng clan:
Dija vao bang th6ng tin de cho Theo kat qua till nghiem ya dap an, ta thay: X la h6
tinh bOt; Y la lOng tring trang; Z la glucozo; T la anilin.
> Chon dap an D.
> Chon dap an C. v

Hoa hoc & eng dung

CP) SA' 08 (284)/2017

CAU TAO NGUYEN LIEN KE I T HoA HOC
TiNH TAN COA CAC CHAT
I. KIN THCfC vf LIEN KET HOP( HOC VA au TAO
PHAN ill
1. Phan tit ettyc hinh thenh
La do cac lien h6a hoc, ty theo cach thac cac
nguyen ti lien k5t vdi nhau ma ngudi ta chia thanh ba
loai lien k5t h6a hoc co ban: lien Wat ion, lien k5t Ong
h6a tri va lien Wat kim loai (trong pharn vi bai nay
khOng xet lien 1dt kim loai)
2. Hien de Am Alen va lien kel Ilea hoc
a. Lien kel ion la lien kel dtkic hinh thanh nhd lic
hOt tinh dien dia cac ion trai dau.
Lin/ .)%.. Lien k5t ion chi dudc hinh thanh kim
loai dign hinh va phi kim din hinh.
b. Lien kel Ong h6a tri (CHT) la lien 1dt dvoc tao nen
giVa hai nguyen tii bang mOt hay nhi5u cap electron
dung chung.
- Lien Wat cOng h6a tri kh6ng phan ckic la lien k5t
cOng h6a tri trong dO e chung 0 khoang girta hat nhan
hai nguyen t tham gia lien ke.t.
- Lien WA Ong hija tri phan CIJC la lien kel cOng hoa
tri trong d6 e chung lech mOt ph5n v6 phia nguyen tO
c6 TO am din Ian hon.
- Lien k5t cang phan cot khi hieu dO am diOn giVa
hai nguyen tO cang kin.
- Si chenh lech dO am diOn gii3a hai nguyen tO (A)
va (B) giup ta dij doan loai lien Icel.
Xet 2 nguyen tif A va B ca dO am diOn 15n IvOt la
)(A, HIOU di) am dien Ax = XA ZB
Hieu AO Am Alen 1-0@i lien leet
0 Ax < 0,4 Lien 1dt CHT khOng cvc
0,4 Ax <1,7 Lien k5t CHT c6 cot
Ax 1,7 Lien kel ion
Nhki vay dva vao hieu dO am diOn giOa hai nguyen
tO tham gia lien k5t ca th5 do doan dmic mOt lien ke't
Ha licoc & 1ing dung
se 08 (24)/2o/7
ig-e' 4 491 Avc 49"-i mirn oWaV
HUY HOANG
hinh thanh thuOc loai lien 1dt ion, lien Wat cOng ita tri
ca ckic hay lien k5t cOng h6a tri khOng ckic.
Khi khOng CO gia tri dO am diOn, d5 xac dinh dang
lien ta ca the dva vao: lien kel gitla phi kim - phi
kim la lien keI cOng h6a ti, tilting hop lien keit pia
cac nguyen tic trong don chat thi la lien 1dt Ong h6a
tri khOng phan cvc cOn lien k5t kim loai - phi kim
thudng la lien Wat ion.
3. Ciu tao phn tit
a. Ski lai h6a cUa mOt nguyen tO la ski to' hop cac AO
h6a tri cOa nguyen tO d6 0 trang trial co ban hoc kich
thich sao cho tao dirOc so' AO lai h6a bang dOng s6 AO
t6 hop nhung c6 nang luong Wong cluong nhau, tao dieu
kien thuan lOi cho viec xen ph6 vdi AO h6a tri cUa cac
nguyen tif xung quanh de hinh thanh cac lien k5t Ong
hod tri b5n vEing. Bao gm cac dang lai h6a:
Lai h6a sp (thing): 1A0s + 1A0p 2A0sp
Lai h6a sp2 (tam giac): 1A0s + 2A0p 3A0sp2
Lai h6a sp3 diOn): 1A0s + 3A0p 4A0sp3
Va mOt dang khac nhv sp3 d (thap d6i day tam
giac), sp3c12 (bat Olen)...
b. M6 hinh VSEPR (Valence Shell Electronic Pair
Repusion): Xet phan tit AXmEn trong dO nguyen tif X
lien kel v6i nguyen tV trung tam A bang nhEing lien k5t
6 va n cap electron khOng lien kel hay cap electron w
do (CO th5 1 electron) E.
Khi dO:
m + n = 2 > A lai h6a sp
> Phan tV c6 cau trOc thang
m + n = 3 -4 A lai h6a sp2
-4 Phan tV c6 cau trtic tam giac phng
m + n = 4 A lai h6a sp3
Phan tO ca cau trUc tif diOn
- Kinh nghiem:
Kr .gri4,vei eafigeW al71-,aTh
Nh6m dinh cu la nhOm nguyen tit hay nhOm phan
tU lien kit v6i nguyen ti trung tam. m6i cap e do
(hay le W do) ding duoc xem l mOt nhOm dinh cti
(nhOm dinh ca khOng lien kit).
- sp: Thang khi CO hai nhOm dinh cu lien kit vOi
nguyen tif trung tam.
- sp2: Tam giac khi c6 3 nhOm dinh lien kit vOi
nguyen tif trung tam. Niu c6 1 cap e tu do phan
dang chit V.
- sp3: Tit dien khi CO 4 nhOm dinh cif lien kit v6i
nguyen tit trung tam. Nell CO 1 cap e W do phan tif
dang tap day tam giac. CO 2 cap e tu do phan tU
dang chit V.
4. BM tap ren k nang
Bai 1: Chit nao sau day ia hop chit ion?
A. SO2 B. 1(20
C. CO2 clan C2H6, C2H4, C2H2 Theo thu ti,! Om clan di)
D. HCI
Hu'dng din:
K la kim loai dian hinh, 0 la phi kim din hinh nen
lien kit trong K20 la lien kit ion.
Chon dap an B.
BM 2: Trong cac phan tif cho dudi day, phan nao
cO lien kit phan cuc nhit:
A. H2S B. CO2
C. H20 D. SO2
Hudng din:
Trong cac nguyen to' tren xo la Idn nhit cOn xH la
nho nhit nen hieu dO am dien lien kit: 0-H la lOn nhit
Chon dap an C.
Bai 3: Mac dO phan ctc ch lien kit h6a hoc trong
phan doc sp theo tha giam dan tif trai sang
pilaf la:
A. HI, HCI, HBr B. HCI, HBr, HI
C. HI, HCI, HBr D. HI, HBr, HCI
Hu'dng
Cl, Br, I nhm trong ding nhOm VIIA, di tif Cl din I
TO am din gim dan, nen hieu dO am din cOa cac
lien kit H-X gim clan tif HCI din HI.
Chon dap an B.
CIO
Bai 4: Mac dO phan cuc dia lien kit h6a hoc trong
phan doc sp xip theo thit tu tang din tif trai sang
phai la:
A. H2O, H2S, NH3 B. H2S, H20, NH3
C. NH3, H20, H2S D. H2S, NH3, H20
Hu'dng
X0 > xN > Xs nen hieu dO am din lien kit: O-H >
N-H > S-H.
> Chu dap an D.
BM 5: DO am then caa C trong C2H6, C2H4, C2H2 tuong
Ung bhng 2,55; 2,69; 2,75. Hay sap kap ba chit tren
theo thu tu Om clan d phan cuc ciia lien kit C-H.
HUO'ng din:
DO am then cOa C tang clan dan C2H6, C21-14, C2H2
nen hieu dO dm then cOa cac lien kit C-H ding tang
phan cuc dm lien kit C-H trong 3 phan tren se la:
C2H2, C2H6,
BM 6: Cho cac phan tit sau, phan nao phan ckic,
khOng phan cuc? VI sao?
A. CO2 B. H20
C. NH3 D. CH4
Hu'dng din:
- Xet phan tif CO2 thuOc clang AX2E0
m + n = 2 > C lai h6a sp
phan c6 tao thang: 0 = C = 0, lien kit C
= 0 phan ccic va' phia 0, 2 vec tO mO men 'Ong cuc
dm 2 lien kit C = 0 c6 ding dO I6n, cimg phaing
nhung ngdoc chieu nen triet tieu nhau, kit qua phan tii
CO2 khOng phan
- Xet phan tit H20 thuOc dang AX2E2
m + n = 4 > 0 lai hcia > do tren 0 cO 2 cap e
chUa lien kit nen phan c6 tao dang chit V ngifOc:
+ 2 lien kit O-H phan manh va phia 0, t6ng
hp 2 vec M m6 men Wang cuc dm 2 lien kit nay
ta difoc vec M khac vec ta khOng, vay phan nUdc
phan
- Xet phan tit NH3 thuOc dang AX3E1
nn + n = 4 > N lai h6a sp3
H6a Iwc & ling dung
Ss' 08 (284)/2017
 `..g.e 4 k d 4c ea men Aillt

> do tren N c6n 1 cap e chin lien kit nen phan tii
NH3 CO ciu tao thap tam giac.
+ 3 lien kit N-H phan cuc manh ve phia N, t6ng hOp
3 vec to nnO men lifdng cijc ch 3 lien kit nay ta dUoc
vec to khac vec to khOng, vay phan tif NH3 phan cuc.
- Xet phan ti CH thu6c dang AX4E0
m + n = 4 > C lai h6a sp3 phan tir CH4 c6 ciu
triic tf dien.
+ 2 lien kit 0-N phan cijc yfi v6 phia 0, t6ng hop
2 vec to m6 men liffing ckfc dm 2 lien kit nay ta dUctc
vec to khac vec to khOng, \fay phan tii NO2 phan cijc.
Nh4n xet:
Dang hinh hQc gi6ng nhau, lien kit O-S phan cuc
manh hon lien kit O-N nen vec to m6 men lildng ckic
trong phan t SO2 Idn hOn trong phan t11 NO2. NhU vay
SO2 phan cijc manh bon NO2.
Bai 8: Hay cho dang hinh hoc phan tit dm CAI
va C2H2. Cho biit phan tit nao phan cijc, phan tif nao
khOng phan cuc.
Hu'dng din:
- Xet phan C2H4 thu6c dang AX3E0
m + n = 3 --4 C lai h6a sp2 C2H4 CO tao dung
tam giac phang:

+ 4 lien kit C-H phan cuc yfi v6 phia C, t6ng hOp
4 vec to nnO men ladng cuc dm 4 lien kit nay ta &Kt
vec to khOng, vay phan tit CH khOng phan
Bai 7: Hay cho dung hinh hoc phan tir dm SO2
va NO2 . Ti d6 so sanh d6 phan cuc phan t cOa chOng.
Hudng din:
- Xet phan tif SO2 thu6c dang AX2E1
m + n = 3 -4 S lal h6a sp2 -4 do tren S cOn 1 cap
e chin lien kit nen phan tit SO2 CO tao dang chit
V nguoc:
(
+ Lien kit C-H phan cuc yiu v6 phia C, t6ng hop 4
vec to m6 men Wang cijc dm 4 lien kit nay ta duoc vec
to khOng, vay phan t CH khOng phan cuc.
- Xet phan tI C2H2 thu6c dang AX2E0
m + n = 2 > C lai h6a sp
- C2H2 CO CU tao dang thang:
+ Lien kit C-H phan cuc v phia C, t6ng hop 2 vec
to nnO men lifdng cijc ciia 2 lien kit nay ta duoc vec to
khOng, vay phan tit C2H2 khOng phan cuc.

Bai 9: Day cac chit nao sau day ma phan tO

phan co?
+ 2 lien kit O-S phan cuc manh v6 phia 0, t6ng hop B. HCI, H20, SO2
A. CO2, HF, NH3
2 vec to m6 men liffing cijc dm 2 lien kit nay ta duoc D. C12,
vec to khac vec to khOng, vay phan tif SO2 pilaf') co. C. NH3, CO2, SO2 SO2, CH4
- Xet phan tif NO2 thu6c dang AX 2 E1 Hiking din:
m + n = 3 > N lai h6a sp2 Phan tu CO2, C12, CH4 khOng phan cuc.
-4 do tren N cOn 1 e chua lien kit nen phan tI NO2 - Chon dap an B.
co ciu tao dang chi's V nguoc:
BA i 10: Day g6m cac chit ma phan tif khOng phan
cuc la:
B. HBr, CO2, CH4
A. C12, CO2, C2H2
0 0 D. HC1, C2H2, Br2
C. NH3, Br2, C2H4

H6a 116c & eng dung

Ss' 08 (284)/2o17
r((rigliciepy
n me- pa 40 er-fif,
Hu'dng
Phan ti HBr, NH3 phan cuc.
Chon dap an A.
Nhu vay, hoc sinh can higu rang dd xet ski phan ckic
cOa phan tc ta phai xet dac dignn lien kat va phai bigt
cau tao c6a phan tc (dang hinh hgc phan tfl, su t6 hop
cac mg men litang citc c6a cac lien kat trong phan tif
khac vec tci kh6ng thi phan ti phan cuc cOn bang vec
to khOng thi phan tic khOng phan
II. KIN THaC vf TINH TAN WA CAC CHAT
Sau khi trang bi cho hoc sinh kian thCic v6 c6u tao
phan tc va lien kat h6a hoc, In& tigp theo gido vien
trang bi cho hoc sinh kian thilc v6 tinh tan trong mat
s6 dung mOi.
Quy luat chi phi tinh tan "Gi6ng nhau thi tan vao
nhau": Chat phan ckic tan t6t trong dung mOi phan cuc,
khOng tan trong dung moi khOng phan cuc. Chat khOng
phan ckic tan t6t trong dung mOi khOng phan ckic va
kh6ng tan trong dung mOi phan cot.
Ngoai Si,! phan ckic phan ti:i thi kha nang tao lien kat
hydro cling anh rang rat Ion clan tinh tan c6a m6t s6
chat trong dung mOi
1. Bai toan nhan thdc
Bai 1: Neu nnOt s6 cach phan biet hai khi CO2 va SO2
dung trong hai binh mat nhan.
Gido vien cho hoc sinh thao luan tim ra mOt s6 cach.
1. Do vao tinh acid - bazo: SO2 la oxit acid manh
hon CO2 nen dung quji nhan ra SO2 lam am
h6a dO, trong khi CO2 thi khOng.
2. DO vao tinh on, h6a - SO2 CO tinh trong
khi CO2 thi khOng, nen ta dung dung djch nudc bronn
dg nhan ra SO2 lam mat mau yang (hoc dung dung
dich KMnO4).
CO thg hoc sinh chi dua ra cluoc hai cach tren, gido
vien gOi jr hoc sinh tic duy theo phan tif SO2
phan ckic manh con CO2 khOng phan ckic nen kha nang
tan trong nutic c6a hai khi nhu thg nao? ta chi
clUng midc CO phan bit &roc hai khi tren khOng? N6u
doc cach tign hanh nix( thg nao? Tt d6 hoc sinh CO
cach nhan bigt tha 3.
3. DO vao tinh tan: SO2 tan t6t cOn CO, It tan nen
ta Op nguoc hai 6ng nghiem chaa hai khi vao attic, 6ng
nao nutic dang cao hon dO l SO2.
BM 2: CO 4 6ng nghiem, m6i 6ng dfng m6t chat khi
khac nhau trong s6 cac khi HCI, NH3, N2 va S02. Cac
6ng nghiem cluoc Op ngikic trail cac chau dking riki6c
(hinh 1).
(pH = 7) (pH =5) (pH = 10) (pH = 1)
Hinh 1
a. Xac djnh m6i khi trong tising 6ng nghienn A, B,
C, D.
b. Them vai giot dung djch NaOH vao chau B,
nhan thay muc nu& trong 6ng nghiem B dang cao
hon. Giai thich.
c. Ngu thay nifdc trong chau B bang dung dich nudc
Br2 thi muc nutic trong Cing nghiem Se thay d6i nhu
thg nao? Giai thich.
Hudng din:
V6i bai toan nay gido vier' khOng chi kidm tra kian
thac v6 tinh tan ma cOn ding c6 kign thac v6 tinh ch'it
acid bazo c6a cac khi.
a. Giao vien cho hgc sinh thao luan dg tim ra cac khi.
- Xet ve dO phan cuc phan tic ta thay: NH3 va HCI
la nhCing phan phan ckic manh, nen tan t6t trong
nubc do dO notic trong 6ng nghiem sO dang cao hon.
NH3 cO tinh bazo nen dung dich thu cluoc CO pH > 7,
vay 6ng C chaa NH3, HCI tan vao nutic tao dung dich
acid manh (pH = 1), vay 6ng D chaa HCI. COn phan tir
SO2 phan cuc y6u lion NH3 va HCI nen tan it hcin, nUoic
trong 6ng nghiem dang it hon, SO2 khi tan vao niiOc tao
ra dung djch acid ygu (pH = 5) do dO 6ng B thing SO2.
Cu6i ding N2 khOng phan cuc nen khOng tan trong not
nen nific trong 6ng nghiem khOng clang len vay 6ng
A chaa N2.
b. Trong chau B cO can bang:
SO2 + H20 =
4 . H2503; H2S03 -4-7 H+ + HS03-
HS03- H+ + S032-
Khi them NaOH vao chau B thi OH- sO trung h6a H+
trong dung djch:
H+ + OH
-- +; H20
lam cho can bang sau chuygn djch sang phai:
SO2 + H20 S032- + 2H+
H6a la6c & Xing dung
Sar 08 (284)/2o17

cO nghia la qua trinh haa tan SO2 thuan loi va rnkic
[Vac trong 'Ong nghiem Se clang cao hon.
c. SO2 tan manh trong nilOc Br2 nhd phan (mg:
SO2 + Br2 + 2H20 2HBr + H2SO4
myc attic trong Ong nghiem clang cao
2. BM tap ren kji nang
Bai 1: CO 4 Ong nghiem cOng the tich, m6i 6ng
dung mat trong bCin khi sau (khOng theo tv): 02,
H2S, SO2, va HCI. Lat Op tiing 6ng nghiem va nhOng
vao cac chau ntiOc thi ket qua thu &lac nhLf cac hinh
ve dVai day:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Vay cac binh a, b, c, va d Ian Ivot chaa cac
A. SO2, HCI, 02, H2S B. HCI, SO2, 02, H2S
C. H2S, HCI, 02, SO2 D. 02, H2S, HCI, SO2
Hddng din:
Phan tif HCI phan cvc manh nhgt nen tan t6t nhat,
rustic trong 6ng dang cao nhat nen binh b chrla HCI.
Phan tV 02 khOng phan cvc nen tan kern nhat, nvac
trong binh dang thap nhat, vay binh c chEra 02.
Can SO2 phan ckic manh kin H2S (ding CO CU tao
phan tO dang chi? V, nhung lien ket S=0 phan cvc [Ian
lien ket S-H, do dO phan tic SO2 phan ckic manh han
phan tO H2S) nen SO2 tan t6t han H25, binh chVa SO2
nilac clang cao hon binh chtla H2S, vay binh a chaa
SO2, binh d chaa H2S.
Chon dap an A.
Bai 2: Tien hanh thi nghienn nhv hinh ye. Khr A
trong binh cO the la khi nao &cal day?
t
Kb, A
71 Dung dich
"i ma do
Nut.c co
_ pha guy hm
A. SO2 B. HCI
C. NH3 D. H2S
Hudng din:
H6a 119c & Ting dung
5008 (284)/2017
ea ye 4, eee oWaYi
- Nu& phun manh len chi:mg to A tan rat t6t trong
mirk, vay A c6 the HCI hoc NH3. Do dung dich haa tan
A lam dO qu9 nen dung dich A ca tinh acid, vay A la
HCI Chan dap an B.
Bai 3: Cho hinh ye m6 t thi thr nghiem nhv sau:
Dung dich
co di,
N
NtrOc Cop
Phenol-0[31ND
Hinh ve ma ta thi nghienn de chang minh
A. Tinh tan nhieu trong nvac cOa HCI
B. Tinh bazo cOa NH3
C. Tinh tan nhi6u trong ntrac ca NH3
D. Tinh acid cOa HCI
Hu'dng din:
Nitc phun manh len, char-1g tO khi X tan rat t6t trong
wk. Do dung dich X lam phenolphtalein h6a dO nen
dung dich X cO tinh bazo, vay X la NH3. Day la thi
nghiem de chi-mg minh tinh tan nhieu trong nuac cOa
NH3 > Chon dap an C.
Bai 4: Khi cho Br2 tan vao nvoc tao dung dich ntiac
brom c6 mau yang. Cho mat it benzen vao [vac brom
tren roi lac ki sau dO de yen. Hien tong quan sat
dikic la:
A. NVac brom darn mau hon.
B. Dung dich Tong nhgt khOng mau.
C. Phan hai Idp: Irip Iran mau nau do, lop dtrai
khOng may.
D. Phan hai lap: lap tren khOng mau, lap dual mau
nau dO.
Hudng din:
Khi cho benzen vao dung dich nvac brom, benzen
khOng phan cvc nen khOng tan trong mirk, bezen nhe
hon ntiac nen n6i ren tren flock phan thanh hai lap.
Phan t6 Br2 khOng phan ck.rc nen tan t6t trong benzen
la dung mai khOng phan cvc, va tan kern hon trong nvac,
do d6 khi cho benzen vac) toan b0 Br2 Se chuyen tO int&
sang benzen, ket qua lap tren phan benzen CO mau nau
d6 cOa brom cOn lap dual Oran nu& khOng CO mau.
Chon dap an C. v
CID
12-1 4 kg Avc fa me* OW;
Si! DUNG PHUtiNG TRiNH ION THU GONDE GIAI
MOT SO DANG BA! TAP HoA HOC VO CC
T
rong khi giii toan hOa hoc, chUng ta thding
gap nIfing bai toan cO nhieu phuong trinh hOa
hgc a clang phan tit khac nhau, nhung ban chgt
phuong trinh ion gigng nhau. Khi dO viec giai bai tap
dua vao cac phaing trinh hOa hoc dang phgn tit se
gap nhigu phac tap va dai dOng, thay vi phai vigt nhieu
phuong trinh phan ti chi cgn vigt mgt Owing trinh ion
thu ggn, do dO viec giai Wan se don gian va nhanh
gon hon.
1. Bai tap a pan eng trung ha
Bai 1: Dung dich A chila HCI va H2SO4 vol ti le moi
la 3 : 1. Dg trung hOa 100m1 dung dich A cgn 50m1
dung dich NaOH 0,5M.
a. Tinh n6ng dg mol/lit cOa HG! va H2SO4.
b. 200m1 dung dich A trung hOa hgt bao nhieu ml
dung dich B chila NaOH 0,2M va Ba(OH)2 0,1M?
c. Tinh t6ng kh6i Wong mu6i thu duoc sau phan Ung
giiia dung dich A va dung dich B.
Bai Oak
a. H+ + OH- -> H20 (1)
now = nNaOH = 0,05 x 0,5 = 2,5 x 10-2mo1
Trong 100m1 dung dich A, goi nR2934 = x(mol)
nHc, = 3x(mol) nH+ = 2x + 3x = 5x(mol)
(1) -> nH+ = now - 5x = 2,5 x 10-2 -> x = 5 x 10-3
Vgy [1-1C1] = 0,15M; [H2SO4] = 0,05M
b. GQi V (lit) la thg tich ca dung dich B.
noH- = V x (0,2 + 0,1 x 2) = 0,4V
nH+ = 0,2 x (0,15 + 0,05 x 2) = 0,05mol
(1) -> nH+ = now
-> 0,4V = 0,05 -* V = 0,125 lit = 125m1
c. Em = ms042- + mor + nn,a2+ + mNa, = 0,05 x 0,2 x
96 + 0,15 x 0,2 x 35,5 + 0,1 x 0,125 x 137 + 0,2 x
0,125 x 23 = 4,3125 gam.
411b)
DINH THI KIM DUNG
Trieng Dai hoc Hoa Li!, tinh Ninh Binh
BM 2: Trgn 200m1 dung dich gm H2SO4 0,05M va
HC1 0,1M vdi 300m1 dung dich Ba(OH)2 a mol/lit thu
duoc m gam kel tua va 500m1 dung dich cO pH = 13.
Tinh gia tri ca a va m.
Bai giai: H+ + OH- -> H20 (1)
nH+ = 0,2 x (0,05 x 2 + 0,1) = 0,04mol
now = 0,3 x 2 x a = 0,6a(mol)
Dung dich thu dUgc CO pH = 13 la m6i taking bazo
nen OH- du sau phan Cing (1).
pH = 13 -> [H+]=10-13 -> [OW] = 10-1 = 0,1M
noH- d, nOW ban dgu = 0,6a - 0,04
[OW]d, = (0,6a - 0,04) : 0,5 = 0,1 - a = 0,15M
nBa2+ = 0,3 x 0,15 = 0,045mol
ns042- = 0,2 x 0,05 = 0,01mol
Ba2+ + S042- BaSO4
Ban du 0,045 0,01
Phan Ung 0,01 0,01 0,01
mBaso4 - 0,01 x 233 = 2,33 gam.
Bai 3: X la dung dich H2SO4 0,02M. Y la dung dich
NaOH 0,035M. Phai trgn dung dich X va dung dich Y
theo ti le thg tich bang bao nhieu dg thu duoc dung
dich Z cO pH = 2. Col thg tich dung dich Z bang fling
thg tich cac dung dich X va Y dem trgn.
Bi giai:
GO a va b la thg tich dung dich X va Y (lit).
H+ + OH- - H20 (1)
nH+ = 0,02 x 2a = 0,04a; noH- = 0,035b(mol)
De thu clikic dung dich Z cO pH = 2 thi H+ phai du.
[Hid, = 10-2M = 0,01M
nH+ ban du = + phan (big = nH+ du + n0H-
-> 0,04a = 0,01 x (a + b) + 0,035b
a:b=3:2
Hem hcoc & eng dung
sar 08 (284)/2017
 /4 kivo x,?c 46-tfitely, 0/1411
Bai 4: TrOn ba dung dich H2SO4 0,1M; HNO3 0,2M; Hi 2: HOa tan rdiu hop kinn Na-Ba v6i t\j le mol la
NCI 0,3M v61 Wing thg tich bng nhau thu duoc dung 1 : 1 vao nutic difgc dung dich X va 0,672 lit khi (dktc).
dich A. Lgy 300m1 dung dich A cho tac dung voi dung Suc V lit CO2 (dktc) vao dung dich X duoc 2,955 gam
dich B gm NaOH 0,2M; KOH 0,29M. Tinh thg tich ca tUa. Tinh gia tri dm V.
dung dich B cgn dung dg sau khi tac dung v6i 300m1
dung dich A duoc dung dich cO pH = 2. Bi giai:

2Na + 2H20 -> 2NaOH + H21' (1)
Bai giai:
Ba + 2H20 Ba(OH)2 + H21' (2)
GQi thg tich dung dich B la a lit.
Goi s6 mol cua m6i kim loai la x(mol).
Thay vi phai vie't 6 philOng trinh phan ang dang
phan tCt, chin-1g ta chi cgn vie't 1 phiking trinh ion thu (1), (2) -4 nH2 = 0,5nNa + nga = 1,5x = 0,672 : 22,4
gon sau: = 0,3mol x = 0,02
H+ + OH- -> H20 (1) nNa0H - nBa(oH)2 = 0,02mol
nw, = 0,1 x (0,1 x 2 + 0,2 + 0,3) = 0,07nno1 now = 0,02 + 0,02 x 2 = 0,06mol

n0H- = (0,2 + 0,29) x a = 0,49a nBaco3 = 2,955 : 197 = 0,015mol

Sau phan Ung thu duoc dung dich cO pH = 2 thi H+ Khi syc CO2 vao dung dich X CO thg xay ra cac phan
phai du; = 10-2M = 0,01M Ung sau:
= 0,07 - 0,49a OH- + CO2 -> HCO3- (3)
20H- + CO2 -> C032- + H20 (4)
[I-1+] au = (0,07 - 0,49a) : (0,3 + a) = 0,01
-> a = 0,134 lit. Sau dO:
Ba2+ + C032- - BaCO3,1, (5)
2. Bai t#p v6 phin gida oxit acid vdi dung
0,015 0,015
dich kigin
Trudng hop 1: Chi xay ra phan ang (4), tac la:
Bai 1: Cho 1,344 lit khi CO2 (dktc) hgp thy he't vao now : nc02 2
2 lit dung dich X chUa NaOH 0,04M va Ca(OH)2 0,02M
thu dudc m gam ke't tUa. Tinh kh6i Wong cua m. (4) -> nc02 = n 032- = 0,015mol
Vc02 = 0,015 x 22,4 = 0,336 lit
Bi giai:
Truting hOp 2: Xay ra ca phan Ung (3) va (4), tac la
Cac phan Ung h6a hoc CO thd xay ra:
1 < now : nc02 < 2
OH- + CO2 HCO3- (1)
OH- + CO2 -4 HCO3- (3)
20H- + CO2 - C032- + H20 (2)
(0,06 - 0,03) 0,03
n002 = 1,344 : 22,4 = 0,06mol
20H- + CO2 - CO32- + H20 (4)
now = 2 x (0,04 + 0,02 x 2) = 0,16mol
0,03 0,015 0,015
noH- : nc02 = 0,16 : 0,06 > 2
(3), (4) --> Enc02 = 0,03 + 0,015 = 0,045mol
-> Chi xay ra phan ng (2).
VG02 = 0,045 x 22,4 = 1,008 lit.
20H- + CO2 -4 C032- + H2O (2)
Ban du 0,16 0,06 Bai 3: Hgp thy hoan toan V lit khi SO2 (dktc) vao
200m1 dung dich h6n hOp KOH 1M va Ca(OH)2 0,75M
Phan Ung 0,12 0,06 0,06 thu duoc 14,4 gam ke't tOa. Tinh V.
C032- + Ca2+ CaCO31, (3)
Bigii:
Ban du 0,06 0,04
noH- = 0,2 x (1 + 0,75 x 2) = 0,5mol
Phan ang 0,04 0,04 0,04
1 caso3 = 14,4 : 120 = 0,12mol
mcaco3 = 0,04 x 100 = 4 gam.
Khi cho SO2 vao dung dich cO thg )(ay ra cac phan
(frig sou:

1-16a 11.9c & eng dung

sr O8 (284)/2o17


1:9P6-P vaA. &/ meta area \

OH- + SO2 HS03- (3) b. Tinh thd tich dung djch NaOH 0,5M t6i thidu cgn
20H- + SO2 -> S032- + H20 (4) dung dd ket tOa toan b0 Cu2+ trong dung djch A?
Sau d6: Bi giai: a. no. = 1,92 : 64 = 0,03mol
Ca2+ + S032- -> CaS03.1. (5) = 0,16 x 0,1 = 0,016mol
0,12 0,12 nH+ = 0,1 x 0,4 x 2 = 0,08mol
Trifling hop 1: Chi xay ra phan (fig (4), tic la: Mkhf = 15 x 2 = 30 -> Khi dO la NO
now : nso2 2 3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3- 3Cu2+ + 2NOT + 4H20
(4) -> nso2 = 11s032- = 0,12mol Ban du
Vs02 = 0,12 x 22,4 = 2,688 lit 0,03 0,08 0,016
Trifling hop 2: Xay ra ca phan (mg (3) va (4), tic la Phan ang
1 < n0H- : n502 < 2 0,024 0,064 0,016 0,024 0,016
OH + SO2 -> HS03 (3) b. Cu2+ + 20H- -> Cu(OH)2
(0,5 - 0,24) 0,26 0,024 0,048
20H- + SO2 -> 5032- + H2O (4) VNaoH = 0,048 : 0,5 = 0,096 lit = 96m1.
0,24 0,12 0,12
Bai 3: So sanh the tich khi NO (chgt khi duy nhgt)
(3), (4) -4 Inso2 = 0,26 + 0,12 = 0,38mo1 thoat ra trong hai trUong hop sou:
Vs02 = 0,38 x 22,4 = 8,512 lit. Trifling hop 1: Cho 6,4 gam Cu tac dung v6i 120m1
dung dich HNO3 1M.
3. BM ten v kim loni (Fe, Cu) Mc dung vi
hcfp H2SO4 va NO3 - Trudng hop 2: Cho 6,4 gam Cu tac dung voi 120 ml
lin hop dung dich HNO3 1M va H2SO4 0,5M.
BM 1: Cho 7,68 gam Cu vao 120m1 dung djch hon CO can dung dich 6 tilting hop 2 thu dipc bao nhieu
hOp (HNO3 1M va H2SO4 1M). Sau khi phan (mg xay ra gam mu6i khan.
hoar' toan thu duoc bao nhieu lit khi NO (dktc). Khi CO
can dung djch thu duoc bao nhieu gam mu6i khan? Bai gidi:
- Trifling hop 1: n, = 6,4 : 64 = 0,1mol
Bai giai:
nFiNO3 = 0,12 x 1 = 0,12mol
no, = 7,68 : 64 = 0,12mol
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3- 3Cu2+ + 2NOT + 4H20
HNO3 - nH2s04 = 0,12 x 1 - 0,12mol
Ban du
-> = 0,36mo1
0,1 0,12 0,12
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3- -> 3Cu2+ + 2NOT + 4H20
Phan Ung
Ban du
0,045 0,12 0,03 0,03
0,12 0,36 0,12
- TrUdng hop 2: no, = 6,4 : 64 = 0,1mol
Phan Ung
nmo3 = 0,12 x 1 = 0,12mol
0,12 0,32 0,08 0,12 0,08
nH2s04 = 0,12 x 0,5 = 0,06mol; nH+ = 0,24mo1
VN0 = 0,08 x 22,4 = 1,792 lit
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3- -> 3Cu2+ + 2NO1' + 4H20
m0u504 = 0,12 x 160 = 19, 2 gam.
Ban du
Bai 2: Cho 1,92 gam Cu vao 100m1 dung djch ch6a 0,1 0,24 0,12
citing thdi KNO3 0,16M va H2SO4 0,4M, thgy sinh ra
mOt chgt khi c6 ti kh6i hlii d6i vOi H2 la 15 va thu duoc Phan UN
dung djch A. 0,09 0,24 0,06 0,09 0,06
a. Tinh thd tich khi (dktc)? (Xem Hip trang 21)

II6a h9c & eng dung

0)) Set 08 (284)/2017

KIM LOAI TAC DUNG veil DUNG NCH MLA
Tru'dng TI-/PT Du'o'ng Quang Ham, huyen Van Giang, drib Hung Yen
T
rong nhOng nam gan day, a thi thodng CO
nhigu cau thuOc chb da kim loai tac dung vdi
dung dich mu6i. Da phan cac cau nay tOdng
d6i kh6, rdi vao ph6 dim ti 8 - 9 dim.
Vg clang bai tap nay, can higu ban chat dia loai
phan Ong nay don gian chi la kim loai CO tinh khO
nnanh nhOng khOng tac dung vdi nit& se day kim loai
yau kin ra kh6i dung dich.
HQC sinh cO thg si.'i dung linh haat cac dinh luat bao
toan nho: Dinh luat bao toan kh6i loOng, Dinh luat bao
toan nguyen t6, Dinh luat bao toan din tich, Dinh luat
bac toan electron ... da giai mOt cach de dang hon.
Vi do 1: Cho 32,2 gam h6n hop bOt Zn, Cu CO ti le
mol Wong Ong la 2 : 3 vao dung dich chila 0,3mol
Fe2(SO4)3. Sau khi cac phan Ong xay ra hoar) toan, thu
do% m gam kim loai. Gia tri dia m la:
A. 6,4 gam B. 12,8 gam
C: 12 gam D. 9,6 gam
Hudng an: nz, = 0,2mol; nc, = 0,3mol
CO 0,3mol Fe2(SO4)3 nen ns042- = 0,9mol
VOi dang bai nay, ta chi can "digu" 0,9mol S042- theo
PIO W kim loai manh tai nhif sau:
ZnSO4 0,2mol; FeSO4 0,6mol; CuSO4 0,1mol
NhO vay, kim loai sau phan Ong chi CO Cu.
Bao than nguyen t6 Cu -> mol Cu la 0,2mol
--> m = 0,2 x 64 = 12,8 gam - Chon dap an B.
VI du 2: Cho h6n hop g6m 0,1 mol Zn va 0,075mo1
Fe vao dung dich chila 0,25mo1 CuSO4 clan phan Ong
xay ra hoan toan, thu docic dung dich X va chat ran Y.
Cho toan 130 X phan Ong vdi loOng do dung dich
Ba(OH)2, da kat tOa thu dooc trong khOng khi tOi kh6i
lifcng khOng d6i can difoc m gam. Gia tri cOa m la:
A. 73 gam B. 72,35 gam
C. 75,3 gam D. 73,625 gam
Hu'dng
1-1.5alwc & fing dung
se 08 (284)/2o17
IT/defr, kre kre are:V]
NGUAN VleT DUD
Tong tiJ vi du 1, chi can "digu" 0,25mol S042- theo
thO W kim loai manh tOl yfi nho sou:
ZnSO4 0,1mol; FeSO4 0,075rnol; CuSO4 0,075mol
Day la thanh phan cua dung dich X.
Tiap theo, dung dich X phan Ong vdi liscing dif dung
dich Ba(OH)2, dg kat tOa thu du'Oc trong khOng khi tOl
kh6i Wong khOng d61.
Can chi] y: VI dung Wong do Ba(OH)2 nen Zn(OH)2
bi hda tan hat va Fe(OH)2 da trong khOng khi Se bi oxy
hOa chuyan thanh Fe(OH)3.
Chat ran Om: 0,075mol Fe(OH)3; 0,075mol Cu(OH)2;
0,25 mol BaSO4.
m = 73,625 gam -3 Chon dap an D.
VI du 3: Cho hon hop bOt gonn 0,48 gam Mg va
1,68 gam Fe vao dung dich CuCl2 r6i khugy du dan
phan ang hoan toan thu docic 3,12 gam chat ran khOng
tan X. S6 mol CuCl2 tham gia phan Ong la:
A. 0,06mol B. 0,04mol
D. 0,03mol
C. 0,05mol
Hudng an: nmg = 0,02mol; nFe = 0,03mol
Ta CO sd do sau:
Mg, Fe + CuC12 Mg2+, Fe2+, Cl- + Cu, Fe do
Gi s6 mol CuCl2 tham gia Oar' Ong la a(mol).
Bao toan nguyen t6 chlo: ncr = 2a(mol)
Bao toan nguyen t6 Mg: nmg2, = 0,02mol
Bao toan din tich: nF,2+ = (a - 0,02)mol
Ap dung Dinh luat bac) toan kh6i Wong cho kim loai ta
cO: 0,48 + 1,68 + 64a = 0,48 + 56 x (a - 0,02) + 3,12
a = 0,04mol Chon dap an B.
Vi du 4: Cho 14 gam bOt Cu vao 200m1 dung dich
AgNO3, sau mOt thdi gian phan Ong loc dooc dung dich
A va 17,28 gam chat ran. Cho ti4 14 gam bOt Pb vao
dung dich A, phan Ong xong lc tach dooc dung dich
B chi chaa mOt mu6i duy nhat va 12,7 gam chat ran.
Wong dO mol/lit cOa AgNO3 ban dau la:
Icr gfe fA1 4,9c 4eit
A. 2,2M
' mon OWai
B. 2,3M
C. 2,0M D. 2,4M
Hddng din: Ap dung Dinh luat bao toan khgi long.
Ta cO so do sau:
Cu + AgNO3 - dung dich A + 17,28 gam chat ran
Dung dich A + Pb Pb(NO3)2 + 12,68 gam chat ran
GO nOng dO mol/lit cua AgNO3 ban du la a.
S6 mol cOa AgNO3 la 0,2a(mol).
Bao toan ngyen t6 N: s6 mol Pb(NO3)2 l 0,1a(mol).
Ta ap dung Dinh luat bao toan khgi lacing cho kim
loai cO: 14 + 0,2a x 108 + 14 = 0,1a x 207 + 12,7 +
17,28 - a = 2,2 - Chon dap an A.
VI da 5: Cho 11,84 gam h6n hop Mg va Fe vao
200m1 dung dich CuCl2 1M va FeC13 xM. Kgt th6c phan
Ung thu duoc dung dich X va 18,08 gam chat ran Y.
Cho dung dich AgNO3 vao dung dich X thu dug
106,22 gam kgt t0a. Gi tr cOa x la:
A. 0,12M B. 0,1M
C. 0,6M D. 0,7M
Hddng
Sau phan Ung ta thu dUdc 18,08 gam chat ran. Tinh
ductc cO 0,16mol Cu va 0,14mol Fe du.
Ta c6 sO do: Mg, Fe + CuC12, FeC13 - dung dich X
(Mg2+, Fe2+, CI-) + Cu, Fe du
Dung dich X (Mg2+, Fe2+, Cl) + AgNO3 AgCI, Ag
Ta tinh dUcic s6 mol dia ion Cl- la: (0,32 + 0,6x)mol
GQi s6 mol cua ion Me l a(mol).
Bao toan dien tich, ta CO so' mol ci'm ion Fe+ la:
0,16 + 0,3x - a
Bao toan nguyen chlo: nAgCI = nCr = 0,32 + 0,6x
Chti
S6 mol Ag tao ra diing bang s6 mol cila ion Fe2+.
Dk.ta vao kh6i liking ke't ti)a ta cO: 143,5 x (0,32 +
0,6x) + 108 x (0,16 + 0,3x - a) = 106,22
Ap dung Dinh luat bao toan kh6i Wong cho kim loai,
ta co: 11,84 + 56 x 0,2x = 0,14 x 56 + 24a + 56 x
(0,16 + 0,3x - a)
x = 0,6 va a = 0,26 -> Chon dap An C.
VI cla 6: Cho 11,2 gam Fe va 2,4 gam Mg vao
300m1 dung dich AgNO3 1M, Cu(NO3)2 1M. Sau mOt
thdi gian thy thu ducic 41,2 gam chat ran. CO can
0))
phan dung dich roi ly mu6i cho vao binh kin dem nung
nOng hoan toan duoc hOn hop khi X c6 ti khgi so vdi
H2 la a. Gia tri gan nhat vdi a la:
A.20 B.24
C.23 D.22
Hddng din: Ti! de bai ta tinh cac s6 lieu ra:
nFe = 0,2mol; nmg = 0,1mol
nAgNO3 = 0,3mol; nc003)2 = 0,3mol
Ta CO sO do sou:
Mg, Fe + AgNO3, Cu(NO3)2 Mg2+, Cu2 , Fe2+, NO3-
+ 41,2 gam chat ran.
0,1 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,1 y x 0,9
GQi s6 mol Fe2+, Cu2+ c6 trong dung dich san phdm
Ian lilt l x, y(mol).
Bao toan dien tich: 2x + 2y + 0,1 x 2 = 0,9
BAo toan khgi Wong cho kim loai:
11,2 + 2,4 + 0,3 x 108 + 0,3 x 64 = 41,2 + 0,1 x
24 + 56x + 64y x = 0,1mol; y = 0,25mo1
SO d6 dem flung:
Mg2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, NO3- Mg2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, 02- + NO2, 02
0,1 0,25 0,1 0,9 0,1 0,25 0,1 0,5 0,9 0,2
Bao toan nguyen t6 N: nNO2 = 0,9nnol
Bao toan nguyen t6 oxy: n02 = (0,9 x 3 - 0,5 - 0,9
x 2) : 2 = 0,2mol
dx,H2 = 21,73 -> Chon dap an D.
Vi du 7: Cho 24,375 gam kim loai R vao 600m1
FeCl3 1M. Sau phan ung thay chat ran X. FlOa tan hgt
X vao dung dich HNO3 dac nOng thoat ra 5,04 lit khi.
Mat khac, khi ta cho 9,1 gam kim loai R vao dung dich
chaa 0,1mol AgNO3 va 0,1mol Cu(NO3)2. Sau phan Ung
ta thu dtiOc m gam kgt tia Gia tri cua m la:
A. 16,56 gam B. 15,92 gam
C. 17,2 gam D. 19,9 gam
Hudng Dg tha'y dung dich ban dau la dung
dich FeCI3 , day la dung dich CO the hda tan dudc Cu
(kim loai hon Fe). COn ddi vdi kim loai manh hcin
Fe thi c6 the' se tao ra phan (fng 2 nac dg tao ra Fe2+,
sau dO tao ra Fe.
Nhu vay, 0 bai tap nay phai xet cac trildrig hop la:
- Kim loai R manh hdri Fe.
- Kim loai R ygu hon Fe.
Tru'Ong hdp 1: Kim loai R ygu hOn Fe.
Iloa hcc fing
& dung
Ss' 08 (284)/2017


Ogle CIVA ea 114 e 911./

Ta c6 sO d6: S6 mol Fe2+ = 0,6 - 0,075 = 0,525mo1

R + FeCI3 -> R+, Fe2+ + R-HNO3 -> NO2 (vi HNO3 Bao toan electron cho qua trinh 1 ta cO:
dc nOng) nR = nFe2+ + 3nFe
Bao toan electron cho ca qua trinh la: GQi s6 mol cOa R l x (moo.
R -> R+; N" v5 Fe3+ -> Fe2+ x = 0,525 x 1 + 0,075 x 3 = 0,75mo1
GQi s6 mol ca R la x(mol). V6i h6a tri I: R = 32,5 vOi s6 mol l 0,75mol.
Nen x = 0,6 + 0,225 = 0,825mol VOl h6a tri II: R = 65 vOi s6 mol la 0,375mol.
R = 29,54 (loai) Do d6, R la Zn (kern).
-> Nen kim loai R manh kin Fe. 9,1mol gam Zn vOi s6 mol 15 0,14mol.
TrtiOng hOp 2: Kim loai R manh hon Fe. Gi6ng nhU cac vi du 6 tren, ta chi viec "dieu" 0,3mol
Ta c6 so do sau: NO3- theo thU tu kim loai manh tOi yelu nhif sau:
R + FeCI3 R+, Fe2+ + Fe -> HNO3--> NO2 (vi HNO3 Zn(NO3)2 0,14mol; nCu(NO3 )2 0,01mol
dc nOng) Nhu vay, kim loai sau phan (mg g6m Ag, Cu du.
S6 mol NO2 = 0,225mo1 Bao toan nguyen t6 Cu -> s6 mol Cu la 0,09mol
Bao toan electron: Bao to5n nguyen t6 Ag -> s6 mol Ag 15 0,1mol
S6 mol Fe = 0,225 x 1 + 3 = 0,075mol Do do, m = 0,1 x 108 + 0,09 x 64 = 16,56 gam
Bao toan nguyen t6 Fe: -> Chon clap an A. v

totototorar)tor.)
SO' DUNG PHLICING TRiNH...
(Tiff) theo trang 18)

nNO (mono hOp 1) = 1anNO (trLONT Nip 2) Fe + 4H+ + NO3- -> Fe+ + NOT + 2H20
-> VNO (trodng hop 1)= 1/2VNo(truong hop 2) Ban du 0,02 0,4 0,08
ncu804 = nH2SO4 = 0,06mol Phan Ung

-> rricus04 = 0,06 x 160 = 9,6 gam 0,02 0,08 0,02 0,02
kook = 0,09 - 0,06 = 0,03mol
-> mcook = 0,03 x 188 = 6,64 gam Sau phan (mg
m = mc,R04 + mcook = 9,6 + 5,64 = 15,24 gam. 0 0,32 0,06 0,02
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3- -> 3Cu2+ + 2NOT + 4H20
BM 4: Cho h6n hop Om 1,12 gam Fe va 1,92 gam
Ban du
Cu vao 400m1 dung dich chaa hen hop Om NaNO3
0,2M va H2SO4 0,5M. Sau khi phan Ung xay ra hoar' 0,03 0,32 0,06
toan, thu duoc dung dich X va khi NO la san pham 1(0 Phan (mg
duy nhgt. Cho V lit dung dich NaOH 1M vao dung dich
0,03 0,08 0,02 0,03
X thi Wong ke't tOa thu MI% lOn nhal. Tinh gia tri t6i
thiau dm V. Fe3+ + 30H- -> Fe(OH)3.1,
Cu2+ + 20H- -> Cu(OH)24,
Bai = 1,92 : 64 = 0,03mol
H+ + OH- -> H2O
nRe = 1,12 : 56 = 0,02mol
VNaoH = [0,02 X3 + 0,03 x 2 + (0,32 - 0,08)] : 1 =
nNO3- = 0,4 x 0,2 = 0,08mol
0,36 lit = 36m1. v
H2SO4 = 0,4 x 0,5 = 0,2mol

Hem hcpc eng

& dung
Ss'08 (284 )/2017
Igr:21e4,, eava A.vc eamew 0W4a
NOT NO HIM HOC ANH - VICT
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyl/ chgt diep lc (ten chung cda met vai sac
t thtic vat tetrapyrol xanh lc, tan trong dau, cd auk
nang NW chit nhan quang nfing cho s1 quang hdp)
Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyl a/ chgt dip lvc a - C55H7205N4M9
(magnesi chelat cda dihydroporphyrin dtidc este hda
vdi phytol Va cd vOng cychlopentanon, xuit hien
cac cay Idn va tao)
Chlorophyllase
Chlorophylaza (enzym tach hoc thdy phan chloro-
phyl)
Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyl b/ chal dip lc b - C55 H7006N4Mg (este
gidng vdi chlorophyl a nhu'ng cd a-CHO thay bang a-
CH3- xult hien vdi Itging nh6 trong tit ca cac cay xanh
va tao)
Chloropicin/ Nitrochlorofom/ trichloronitromethane
Chloropicin/ Nitrochlorofom/ trichloronitromethan -
CCI3NO2 (chit long khong mau cO Mul IWO ma hal
cda nO kfch thfch nhieu din phdi va gay nOn, ho va
chay nu'dc mat (king lam chit hun khdi cho dit)
Chloroplast
Chloroplast/ hat dip lc (loai thi hat ti bao xuat
hien a cac phin xanh cda cac My, chtla cac sac td
diep lc CO chdc nang trong quang hop va tong hdp
protein)
Chloroplast deoxyribonucleic acid/ Chloroplast
genome
Acid deoxyribonucleic - hat dip lc / b0 gen lc lap
0))
(be doi acid deoxyribonucleic Wan hoan, Muting 40 din
50 ban sao, chtla trong hat dip lc, vial tat ct DNA)
Chloroplatinate/ Platinochloride
Chloplatinat/ platinochlorua (mudi dOi ctia
platin(IV) chlorua va Mc chlorua khac, mudi cda acid
chloplatinic)
Chloroplatinic acid/ Platinic chloride
Acid chloplatinic/ Platinic chlorua - H2PtC16 (acid thu
du'o'c nhd tinh th tan rt7a mau nau-d6, clang trong
phan tfch hda hoc)
Chloroprene resin
Nhva chlopren (polyme cda chlopren, dung d'd tao
Mc chit gidng cao su tif nhien)
Chloropropane
Chlopropan (Mc pilan propan CO chlo thay thi
cho cac nguyOn td' hydro)
Chlorosulfonation St/ chlosulfon hOa
Chlorosulfonic acid
Acid chlosulfonic - CIS020H (chit long bdc khcii
phan hdy trong nu'dc vdi aid sulfuaric va acid chlohy-
dric, dung trong dc/dc phdm, thudc tre dich benh,
thudc nhuem va lam hda chit trung gian)
Chlorosulfuric acid/ Sulfuryl chloride
Acid chlosulfuric/ Sulfuryl chlorua - SO2CI (chit long
kh6ng mau cO mill hang Ong, s6i a 693C, phan hdy
bai nu'dc nong v kiem, dung nhd chit chlo hda va
dung mei cho dc/dc phdm, thudc nhuem, td nhan tao
va khf dec)
NGUYEN Nth DUC - Gidi thiOu w
H6a h9c & eng dung
Ser 08 (24)/2o/7
 etwei &ce- mew, Afc.V

A - TRUNG HOC CO Sa

Cau I:
21(Mn04 K2IVIn04 + 02
Mn02 + 4HCI MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H20
2AI + 6HCI 2A1C13 + 3H2
S + 02 SO2
2S02 + 02 > 2503
SO3 + H20 H2SO4
2AI + 3H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Cau II:
1. 3Fe + 202 (t) Fe304
Fe304 + 8HCI FeCl2 + 2FeCI3 + 4H20
FeC12 + 2NaOH > Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCI
FeCI3 + 3NaOH > Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCI
4Fe(OH)2 + 02 + H20 > 4Fe(OH)31Z
2Fe(OH)3 (t) Fe203 + 3H20
2. Nu& vei trong dc dan, ke't tOa tang tang dan
d6n t6i da (max).
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 -4 CaCO3 + H20 (1)
Sau m6t thdi gian ke't tua tan trO Ii, sau ding
trong su6t:
CaCO3 + CO2 du + H20 Ca(HCO3 )2 (2)
Cho tie'p dung dich Ca(OH)2 vao dung dich vim thu
diidc. Dung dich lal dc, ke't tOa trang xuat hiOn tit lai:
Ca(HCO3 )2 + Ca(OH)2 2CaCO3 + 2H20 (3)
Cau III:
1. a. Xac dinh thanh phan h6n hop Mt
Fe0 + CO Fe + CO2 (1)
Fe2O3 + 3C0 2Fe + 3CO2 (2)
Sau phan Ung thu &Mc h6n hQp khi
> CO vh cOn du va CO2
b. GQi x, y la s6 mol FeO, Fe2O3 tham gia phan ring.
Ta c6: 72x + 160y = 30,4 (*)
Tri (1), (2): nco phAn Ung = X + 3y nCO2
nC0 con = 1 - (X + 3y)
mc02 + mco = 36
28 x (1 - x + 3y) + 44 x (x + 3y) = 36
x + 3y = 0,5 ( )
Giai (*) va (**) thu x = 0,2; y = 0,1
MFe = (0,2 + 2 x 0,1) x 56 = 22,4 gam
MFe0 0,2 x 72 = 14,4 gam
MFe203 0,1 X160 = 16 gam.
2. R2CO3 + 2HCI 2RCI + CO2 + H2O (1)
R'CO3 + 2HCI R'C12 + CO2 + H2O (2)
nco2 = 0,3mol
Ap dung Dinh lust bac) toan kh6i !King:
Mmuffi carbonat MHCI = Mchlorua MCO2 + MH20
30,6 + 2 x 0,3 x 36,5 = mob= + 0,3 x 44 + 18 x 0,3
nichloma = 33,9 gam.
Cau IV:
1. Cho CO qua A nung nOng:
Fe304 + 4C0 3Fe + 4CO2
CuO + CO -4 Cu + CO2
Chat ran B: A1203, MgO, Fe, Cu.
chgt rn B + dung dich NaOH du:
A203 + 2NaOH > 2NaA102 + H2O
Dung dich C: NaA102, NaOH du.
Chat ran D: MgO, Fe, Cu.
Dung dich C + dung dich HCI du:
NaOH + HCI NaCI + H20
NaA102 + 4HCI > NaCI + AlC13 + 2H20
Hoc:
NaA102 + HCI + H20 Al(OH)3 + NaCI
Al(OH)3 + 31-ICI AlC13 + 3H20
Chat ran D + dung dich H2SO4 (lac:
MgO + H2SO4 MgSO4 + H20

CIO
Hon h9c & ting dung
se 08 (284)/2o17

gr(2-6,4, "tia 40 "men,
2Fe + 6H2SO4 -> Fe2(SO4)3 + 3S02 + 6H20
Cu + 2H2SO4 -> CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H20
2. Gia sir kim loai M cO 1mol.
M + 2HCI MCI2 + H2
1 2 1 1
Ta cO:
(M + 71) : (M + 2 x 36,5 x 100/14,6 - 2) x 100% 2AI + 2NaOH + 2H20 -> 2NaA102 + 3H21'
24,156%
-> M = 65 (Zn)
Ca u V:
1. a. 2M + nH2SO4 -> M2(SO4), + nH2T
0,2/n 0,1
Ta co: M = 2,4: (0,2 : n) = 12n
Tim duoc n = 2 -4 M = 24 (Mg)
b. Mg + Cl2 (t) --> MgC12
Mg + 2AgNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + 2Ag
2. nAl2(s04)3 = 0,01mol
nAi(OH)3 = 0,01mol
* Trading hop 1: Al2(SO4)3 du.
Al2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH 2A1(OH)3 + 3Na2SO4
0,005 0,03 0,01
Cm = 0,03 : 0,05 = 0,6M
* Trudng hop 2: Al2(SO4)3
Al2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH -> 2A1(OH)3 + 3Na2SO4
0,01 0,06 0,02
Al(OH)3 + NaOH -> NaA102 + 2H20
0,01 0,01 0,01
Cm = 0,07 : 0,05 = 1,4M
Cau VI:
Trong 33,1 gam h6n hop A, goi:
nA, = x; nFe = y; ncu = z(mol)
Ta co: 27x + 56y + 64z = 33,1 (1)
2AI + 3C12 -> 2AIC13 2Fe + 3C12 -> 2FeCI3
0))
Cu + Cl2 -> CuCl2
133,5x + 162,5y + 135z = 86,35 (2)
Trong 0,9mol lion hop A:
= kx; nFe = kY; nc, = kz(mol)
nAl
Ta cO: k x (x + y + z) = 0,9 (3)
kx 1,51(x(mol)
1,51o( = 0,225 (4)
TU (3) va (4) -> 5x -y - z = 0 (5)
Giai (1), (2) va (5) ta duoc:
x = 0,1; y = 0,2; z = 0,3
%Al = 8,16%; %Fe = 33,84%; %Cu = 58%.
Cau VII:
1. PhuOng trinh phan ang:
Zn + CuSO4 -> ZnSO4 + Cu (1)
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1
Zn + FeSO4 - ZnSO4 + Fe (2)
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1
FeSO4 cOn di! 0,2 - 0,1 = 0,1mol
T6ng s6 mol ZnSO4 duoc tao ra la:
0,1 + 0,1 = 0,2nnol
Vay dung dich sau phan ang ch(a 0,1mol FeSO4 va
0,2mol ZnSO4.
Kh6i liking dung dich sau phan ang la:
Mdung did sau phan ang = Mdung (Rh X - niCu MFe
= 13 + 100 - 0,1 x (64 + 56) = 101 gam)
Wong dO phan tram dm dung dich FeSO4 la:
(0,1 x 152) : 101 x 100 = 15,05%
Nong di) phan tram ca dung dich ZnSO4 la:
(0,2 x 161) : 101 x 100 = 31,9%
2. GO V1 va V2 Ian Jo la th tich dung dich HCI
0,3M va dung dich HCI 0,8M.
Ap dung quy t6c pha loang ta cO:
0,5 = (0,3V1 + 0,8V2) : (V1 + V2)
-> V1 : V2 = 3 : 2
Hem hoc & ling dung
so 08 (284)/2017
 '2e
- dgy ea ve 4 ea
B - TRUNG HOC PH6 THONG

Cau 1: Cu > Cu2+ + 2e S+6 + 2e > S+4

Cac can bang chuydn dich theo chidu thuan khi tang
p suit la nhUng can bang c6 Si mol khI gim theo
chidu thuan.
(1), (5) Si mol khi kheing d61 nen p suit khOng anh
Wong din chuydn dich can bang.
> B, C, D sai > Chon clap an A.
Cau 2:
CO 2 nhOm -CHO nen c6 k = 2
GQi cOng thik can lap c6 dang CAn+2-2k02
Thay k = 2 ta ducic C,H2n.202 > m = 2n - 2
- Choi dap an C.
Cau 3:
NaHCO3 + NaOH > Na2CO3 + H20
Al(OH)3 + NaOH > NaA102 + 2H20
HF + NaOH > NaF + H20
Cl2 + 2NaOH > NaCI + NaCIO + H20
NH4C1 + NaOH > NaCI + NH31 + H20
> Chon dap an C.
Cau 4:
ns02 = 0,35mo1; 11AgNo3 = a(mol); nc003)2 = 2a(mol)
M6c 1: Chit ran Y chi c6 Ag.
Ag > Ag+ + 1e S+6 + 2e S+4
A a a 0,7 0,35
Bao toan electron > a = 0,7
- -> my = 0,7 x 108 = 75,6 gam > 45,2 (loai)
M6c 2: H6n hop Y Om Cu va Ag.
Cu > Cu2+ + 2e S+6 + 2e > S+4
2a 4a 0,7 0,35
Ag > Ag+ + le
a a a
BA toan e: 5a = 0,7 a = 750
> my = 33,04 <45,2 (loai)
> AgNO3 hit, Cu(NO3)2 Phan Ung mOt phan.
x la s6 mol Cu(NO3)2 phan Ong
X x 2x 0,7 0,35
Ag Ag+ + le
a a a
64x + 108a = 45,2 (1)
2x + a = 0,7 (2)
TO (1,2) x = 0,2, a = 0,3
- Chon dap an A.
Cau 5:
GQi c6ng thdc dm acid la RCOOH.
RCOOH + KOH > RCOOK + H20
Ci imol RCOOH phan (mg kh6i liIQng mu6i tang:
39 - 1 = 38 gam
Ca x(mol) RCOOH phan (mg kh6i luong mu6i tang:
12,32 - 7,76 = 4,56 gam
- x = 0,12mol
GQi c6ng thUc ca X la CAA.
Trong 3,88 gam X thi nx = 0,06mol
V = 0,15 x 22,4 = 3,36 lit
> Chon clap an C.
cau 6:
CO2 chinh la chit c6 trong binh chila chay va san
xuit ra NaHCO3 thu6c gim dau da day.
> Chon dap an B.
Cau 7:
Thi nghiem xay ra so oxy h6a kim loai la:
1. Zn + 2AgNO3 > Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag
2. Fe + Fe2(SO4)3 > 3FeSO4
3. 2Na + 2H20 > 2NaOH + H2T
5. 2Mg(NO3)2 > 2Mg0 + 4NO2 + 02
4Fe + 302 ---> 2Fe203
Thi nghiem kh6ng xay ra so oxy h6a kim loai la:
4. CO + CuO > Cu + CO21'
CO 4 thi nghiem xay ra so oxy h6a kim loai.
> Chon clap an D.

Hon hoc & ting diking

Ss'08 (280/2017
F ,c(r:216,4,3 451'fAi to`t mow
Cau 8: H+ + HCO3- -> CO2T+ H20
Chdn dap an A. Ban du 0,01 0,03
Phan (mg 0,01 0,01
Cau 9:
Sau phan ang 0 0,02 0,01
Do cd lien kat hydro nen acid cd nhiet de sOi Idn
nhgt. Acid cd nhiau nguyen tif C kin thi cd nhiet dO sOi nc02 = 0,01mol -> Chdn dap an C.
cao kin do phan t1 kh6i Idn kin nen nhiet de sOi cda
C2H5COOH ldn nhgt, thd 2 la CH3COOH. Cau 12:
Alkol ciing cd lien kat hydro nhUng yau hal acid nen Phuong trinh thOy phan:
CO nhiet de sOi thgp hon acid do dd nhiet de sOi cOa C2H5COOCH=CH2 + H20 -> C2H5COOH + CH3CHO
C3H7OH clang thd 3. San phdm cua qua trinh thiiy phan la C2H5COOH ya
Este dudc tao bdi nhilng acid khac nhau thi acid nao CH3CHO.
CO phan tO kh6i Ion hUn thi nhiet de sOi cao hUn nen -> Chdn dap an B.
nhiet de sOi cOa CH3COOCH3 On hUn HCOOCH3.
Nen HCOOCH3 < CH3COOCH3 < C3H7OH < CH3COOH Cau 13:
< C2H5COOH Fe cd Z = 26 nen hinh oh Fe la:
-> Chdn dap an B. 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6
Cau 10: -> Cgu hinh ciia Fe la [Ar]3d64s2
= 0,1mol -> Chdn dap an B.
Dd V dat gia tri Idn nhdt thi phai bi him tan Cau 14:
mOt phan.
Cap kim loai ban trong kh6ng khi ya nutic do cd
2NaOH + H2SO4 -> Na2SO4 + 2H20 mang oxit bao ye la Al ya Cr.
0,2 0,1 - Choi' dap an B.
6NaOH + Al2(SO4)3 2A1(OH)3,1,+ 3Na2SO4
Cau 15:
0,6 0,1 0,2
COng thdc ca thach cao s6ng la CaSO4.2H20
NaOH + Al(OH)3 NaA102 + 2H20
-> Chon dap an B.
0,1 0,2 - 0,1
InNaOH = 0,2 + 0,6 + 0,2 = 0,9mol Cau 16:
V = 0,45 lit Kim loai cd tinh ktir cang manh thi tinh oxy hOa
cang giam nen ill dd:
-> Chdn dap an B.
(5) <(1) < (2) <(3) <(7) < (6) < (4)
Cali 11: - Chdn dap an C.
nHcl = 0,03.1 = 0,03nnol -> = 0,03mol
Cau 17:
nNa2co3 = 0,1 x 0,2 = 0,02mol -> nc032- = 0,02mol
CO2 trong phan tI cd lien kat Ong hda tri kh6ng
nNaHco3 = 0,1 x 0,2 = 0,02mol -> nno3- = 0,02mol phan ci/c.
Phan dng xay ra theo ting giai don:
NH4CI trong phan tif cd lien ke't ion.
H+ + C032- -> HCO3-
FeS2 trong phan td cd lien ke't Ong [Ida tri kh6ng
Ban du 0,03 0,02 phan cdc.
Phan dng 0,02 0,02 HCI trong phan tii CO lien ke't Ong hda trj phan cktc.
Sau phan (frig 0,01 0 0,01 - Chdn dap an B.
EnHcc,,- = 0,01 + 0,02 = 0,03mol

0))
Iloa hoc & ling dung
se 08 (284)/2o17
 igee4 ea va 40 ea fizefb X40121
Cau 18: _> H20 bi dien phan ben anot
(1) S6 mol e (H20 dien phan) = 0,125 - 0,1 = 0,025mo1
CuSO4 + 2NaOH -> Cu(OH)2.1,+ Na2SO4
(2) Vay dung dich sau dien phan bao g6m:
FeSO4 + NaOH -> Fe(OH)24,+ Na2SO4
Fe2+ = 0,06mol; Cu2+ = 0,06 - 0,0325 = 0,0275mol
Fe2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH -> 2Fe(OH)3.1. + 3Na2SO4 (3)

Cu(OH)2 -> CuO + H20 (4) H+ = 0,025mol; NO3- = 0,06 x 2 + 0,06 x 3 =
0,3mol
4Fe(OH)2 + 02 -> 2Fe203 + 4H20 (5)
Na+ = 0,1 mol.
2Fe(OH)3 -> Fe203 + 3H20 (6)
Dung dich sau phan Ung
CuO + CO -> Cu + CO21' (7)
Fe(NO3)2 = 0,06 mol; Cu(NO3)2 = 0,0275mol
Fe203 + 3C0 -> Fe + 3CO21 (8)
NaNO3 = 0,1mol; HNO3 = 0,025nnol
ms (A) = 22% X 50 = 11 gam
- > Chdn dap an A.
nAg = 0,34375mol
Bao toan nguyen t6 S -> ns042- = 0,34375mo1 cau 20:
m 042- = 0,34375 x 96 = 33 gam Khi cho dung dich H2SO4 loang vao dung dich K2Cr04
Kh6i long kim loai la: m = 50 - 33 = 17 gam till dung dich tiI mau yang chuye'n sang mau da cam.
-> Chon dap an A. 2K2Cr04 + H2SO4 -> K2Cr207 + K2SO4 + H20
-> Chon dap an D.
Cau 19:
S6 mol tiing chal trong dung dich la: Cau 21:
NaCI = 0,5 x 0,2 = 0,1mol -> nci- = 0,1mol no2 = 0,3mol; nH2 = 0,3mol
Fe(NO3)3 = 0,2 X 0,3 = 0,06mol -> no+ = 0,06mol VI chgt ran tac dung Ai dung dich NaOH CO thoat
khi nen Al du.
Cu(NO3)2 = 0,2 X 0,3 = 0,06mol -> n0g2+ = 0,06mol
4AI + 302 -> 2A1203
Toan bd' qua trinh dien phan:
0,4 0,3
Catot Anot
2AI + 2NaOH + 2H20 -> 2NaA102 + 3H21
Fe3+ + le -> Fe2+ 2CI- --> Cl2 + 2e
0,2 0,3
0,06 0,06 0,1 0,05 0,1
A1203 + 2NaOH -> 2NaA102 + H20
Cu2+ + 2e -> Cu 2H20 -> 02 + 4H+ + 4e
0,025 0,025 EnAI = 0,4 + 0,2 = 0,6mol
0,06 0,12 0,06
Kh6i ludng Al = 0,6 x 27 = 16,2 gam
Kh6i liking dung dich giann bang kh6i long kim loai
sinh ra va khi thoat ra. -> Chon dap an A.
Kh6i ludng Cl2 sinh ra = 0,05 X 71 = 3,55 < 5,63 Cau 22:
6 ben catot xay ra phan dng dien phan Cu2+. Cac dipeptit (16 la: Ala-Ala, Gly-Gly, Ala-Gly, Gly-Ala
Kh6i luQng kim loai sinh ra = 5,63 - 3,55 = 2,08 -> Chon dap an D.
Gia sit Cu2 b dien phan
Cau 23:
MCu sinh ra = 0,06 x 64 = 3,84 gam > 2,08 gam
Mx = 17,4 x 2 = 34,8
-> Cu2+ chi bi dien phan 1 phan.
Goi x, y, t Ian lUdt la s6 nnoi C41-110
Cu sinh ra = 0,0325mol
-> Phan Ung 0 titng phan Ung (1) va (2) va du.
S6 mol e nhan (catot) = 0,06 + 0,0325 X 2=
C41-110 -> CH4 t + C31-16 t (1)
0,125mol
S6 mol e nhuting (anot) = 0,1 < 0,125 x x

Ha hoc & ting dung

sar 08 (284/2017


Fc(r..grea.4 va Afw &ft oaf&Xr;

C41110 -> CAT 4' CAT (2) (CH3)3NH manh hcin CH3NF12.
NH3 killing CO nhOm hUt cling khOng CO nhOm ddy
Mx : M = n : nx nen tinh bazo yau han 3 chat tren.
Chon s6 mol C4F110 ban du l 3mol, h6n hOp X IA G6c -C6H5 la g6c hut e nen tinh bazo yau ma CO g6c
5mol. hydrocarbon cang Ion thi tinh bazo cang yau nen tinh
bazo C6H5NH2 16n han (C6H5)2NH.
> x+ y + t = 3 (*)
(*.) Nen (3) < (5) < (1) < (4) < (6) < (2).
2x + 2y + t = 5
Tif (*), (**) --> x + y = 2 ca u 26:
S6 mol C41-110 du = 3 - 2 = 1mol VI kh6i lacing phan hai mu6i lan han 80 nen IA
mu6i cOa g6c C2H5COOH va C6H5OH.
% C4[1113 trong X = 1 : 100,5 = 20%
C2H5C00C6H5 + 2NaOH > C2H5COONa + C6H5ONa
ca u 24: + H2O
nHNO3 = 0,8 x 1,5 = 1,2mol Chon clap an B.
nt = 0,1mol; Mt= 14,5 x 2 = 29
Cau 27:
Vi N20 vA NO2 CO s6 mol liang nhau nen col hai khr
dO thanh N303. S6 mol sobitol = 0, Olmol.

N303 4 3N0 C6H1206 + H2 > C6H1406

H6n hop khi A chi con ktif N2 va NO \id s6 mol tuang 01/100,80 0,01
ang IA x, y. Kh6i lacing glucozo la: 0,0125 x 180 = 2,25 gam
GO a, b lan Idat IA s6 mol Mg, Zn trong 19,225 gam -4 Chon clap an B.
h6n hop.
ca u 28:
24a + 65b = 19,225 (1)
CH3-CI + K-CN CH3CN + KCI
Gia s phan tao mu6i NH4NO3 dng vai t(mol).
CH3CN + 2H20 > CH3COOH + NH3 t
Mg > Mg2+ + 2e N+5 + 10e > N2
X, Y Ian luot IA CH3CN va CH3COOH
a 2a 0,5 0,05
> Chon dap an B.
Zn Zn2+ + 2e N 5 + 3e NO
2b 0,15 0,05 ca u 29:
N+5 + 8e > NH4NO3 Vi dung dich chuydn sang mau d6 nen khi d6 khi vao
H20 tao dung dich CO tinh acid nen dO IA HCI
8t t
Khi IA hydro chlorua (HCI).
> 2a + 2b = 0,65 + 8t (3)
> Gimp clap An D.
Bao toan g6c NO3- = 2a + 2b + 0,05 x 2 + 0,05 +
2t = 1,2 Cau 30:
44 2a + 2h + 2t = 1,05 (4) Fe3+ + 30H- Fe(OH)34,
Tit( 1, 3, 4) 44 a = 0,3; b = 0,185; t = 0,04 Ag+ + Cl- --+ AgC14.
> %Mg = 37,45% Chon clap an D. Trong dung dich khOng ton tai dong thdi cac ion
Fe3+, OH-, Ag+, Cl- la dodc.
ca u 25:
Nen cac dung dich ton tai trong mOt dung dich la
KOH CO tinh bazo manh nhat.
Nat, Fe3+, Cl-, NO3-.
CH3NH2 va (CH3)2NH CO g6c -CH3 IA g6c dgy e nen
- Chon dap an A.
tinh bazo manh ma (CH3)2NH CO g6c hydrocarbon nhieu
han, khd nang ddy e cang manh nen tinh bazo cOa

1-16a. hoc & ling dung

02) se 08 (24)/2o/7
 ige ea vei meot Ye:VI]
Cau 31: NaOH + Al(OH)3 NaA102 + 2H20
VI hydro h6a thu cluoc isopentan nen X phai CO 5C - Chon clap an C.
va phai cO n6i ddi hoc n6i ba hoc Ca n6i 2 va n6i 3,
va CO C vi tri tha 2 phan nhanh. Cau 35:
1 n6i ba: nAg = 0,24nno1
CH3-CH(CH3)-CCH Vi s6 mol Ag : s6 mol h6n hop = 2,4
1 n6i ddi: > CO HCHO nen andehit cOn lai la CH3CHO.
CH=C(CH3)-CH2-CH3 - Chon clap an A.
CH3-(CH3)=CH-CH3 cau 36:
CH3-CH(CH3)-CH=CH 2 Ph5n ang chang minh CO nhOm OH Ice nhau do la
2 n6i ddi: khi tac dung vdi dung dich Cu(OH) 2 tao thanh phac chat
tan mau xanh lam 6 dieu kin tinting.
CH3-C(CH3)=C=C H2
2C6H1206 + Cu(OH)2 > (C6H2206)2Cu + H 20
CH=C(CH3)-CH=CH2
1 n6i ba va 1 n6i ddi
Glucozo phan ang voi Cu(OH)2 0 nhiet clO cao to kat
tha da gach la phan ang oxy hOa
CH2=C(CH3)-C-CH
CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaOH
- Chon dap an A.
- CH2OH(CHOH)4COONa + Cu20.1, + 3H20
Cau 32: Glucozo phan ang vdi dung dich AgNO3/NH3 the' hien
To tam la to thien nhien. glucozo mang tinh chat dm nhOm aldehyd-CHO
To capron, enan la to t6ng hOp cluoc diau cha ti cac CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO + 2[Ag(NH3)2]0H
amino acid hoc caprolactam. - CH2OH(CHOH)4COONH4 + + 3NH3 + H2O
To nilon-6,6 la to ban t6ng h0p. - Ch9n clap an A.
To visco va to acetat l to nhan tao di1c dieu cha
polime thien nhien nhung duoc cha bian bang phUOng Cau 37:
phap hOa hoc. Ch9n clap an A.
Nen to visco va acetat la hai loai to nhan tao.
Cau 38:
- Chon dap an C.
Trong cac loai quang sat, quang CO ham lifOng sat
cao nhat la malhetit.
Cau 33:
Quang hematit d6 chaa Fe2O3 khan.
Mg + 2AgNO3 Mg(NO3)2 +
Fe + 2AgNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + 2Agl, > %Fe = 70%
Quang hematit nau chaa Fe203.nH20
Vi thu duoc hai kim loai nen Fe do.
Dung dich X Om Fe(NO3)2 va Mg(NO3 )2 Quang xiderit chCia FeCO3

- Chon dap an C. > %Fe = 56 : 100,116 = 48,28%

Quang manhetit chila chi) yau Fe304
Cau 34:
> %Fe = (56 x 3 x 100) : 232 = 72,41%
Ban Tau khi Wong NaOH cOn it thay cO ke't tua trang
- Ch9n clap an D.
keo xuat hien:
3NaOH + AlC13 Al(OH)3.1, + 3NaCI Cau 39:
Sau do Wong NaOH do nen hOa tan kat tOa tao dung Cr2O3 chi phan Ung vdi acid va kik') dac.
dich trong su6t: NaCr02 chi tac dung vdi dung dich HCI:

Hoa 11.9c & King Ong

stir 08 (284)/2o17
Ecr:Yeezipy vo 40 ea aWa:
mei&

NaCr02 + HCI + H20 Cr(OH) 3, + NaCI 1, Fe(NO3)2 + AgNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag, 1-

Zn(OH)2 la hydroxit luting MTh nen vita tac dung vdi Ban du 0,2a 0,1a
dung dich NaOH loang va dung dich HCI: Phan (mg 0,1a 0,1a
Zn(OH)2 + 2NaOH -> Na2ZnO2 + 2H20 Sau pq 0,1a 0 0,1a 0,1a
Zn(OH)2 + 2HCI ZnCl2 + 2H20 Chat ran la Ag va dung dich X g6m Fe(NO3)3:
CrCI3 tac dung voi dung dich NaOH loang nhting 0,1a(mol); Fe(NO3)2 0,1a(mol).
kh6ng tac dung vdi dung dich HCI: = 0,06mol -> 0,1a = 0,06 - a = 0,6
CrCI3 + 3NaOH -> Cr(OH)31, + 3NaCI 0,06mol
nFe(No3)2 - 0,1 x 0,6 = 0,06mol; n Ag+

- Chon dap an C. Ggi x la s6 mol cOa khi NO.

MI 40: Ag Ag+ + le N+5 + 3e ->
IlKoH = 0,06 x 2 = 0,12mol 0,06 0,06 3x x
H2SO4.nS03 + H2O -> (n + 1 )H 2SO4 (1) Fe2+ Fe3+ + le
H2SO4 + 2KOH K2SO4 + 2H20 (2) 0,06 0,06
0,06 0,12 3x = 0,06 x 2 -*x = 0,04mol
M = 5,16: [(n + 1) x 0,06] -> V = 0,04 -*22,4 = 0,896 lit
- 98 + 80n = 86n + 86 n = 2 Chon dap an C.
- Chon dap An C. Cau 44:
MI 41: Gol s6 mol tripeptit IA a(mol).
S6 mol este = 44 : 88 = 0,5 mol Col cOng thac chung cila amino acid la
H(NHRCO)3CO.
CH3C00C2H5 + NaOH CH3COONa + C2H5OH (1)
H(NHRCO)3C0 + 3KOH - 3H2NRCOOK + H20
HCO0C3H7 + NaOH HCOONa + C3H7OH (2)
Cif 1M01 X phan ang kh6i 1u6ng tang 150 gam.
Tic (1, 2) -> nalkol = nest, = 0,5mol
a(mol) X phan ang kh6i Wong tang:
2C2H50H C2H50C2H5 + H20 (3)
2C3H70H C31-170C3H7 + H20 (4)
Trong 6,51 gam h6n hop thi X co:
C2H5OH + C3H7OH C2H50C3117 + H2O (5)
(6,51 x 0,02) :4,34 = 0,03nnol
Ap dung Dinh luat bao toan kh6i
Khi thiiy phan X trong HCI thi ca'n them 2H20 va
Meste MKOH = Malkol 4- MH20
3HCI.
- 44 + 0,5 x 56 = 14,3 + 0,25 x 18 + mz
Ap dung Dinh luat bao toan kh6i hiOng:
- = 53,2 gam -> Chon dap an B.
-*6,51 + 0,03 x 2 x 18 + 0,03 x 3 x 36,5 = mmuoi
Cau 42: m = 10,875 gam -> Chon dap an B.
Ban du t6c d6 phan (trig nghich tang clan, t6c d6
cau 45:
phan (mg thuan giam.
Mg khOng phan (fng vdi KOH
Khi dat TTCB, t6c d6 2 qua trinh bang nhau
A1203 + 2NaOH -> 2NaA102 + H2O
Hinh C Chon dap an C.
2AI + 2NaOH + 2H20 2NaA102 + 3H21'
Cau 43: Zn + 2NaOH - Na2ZnO2 + H21'
nAgNO3 = 0,1a(mol); nFoNO3)2 = 0,1 x 2a = 0,2a(mol) 2K + 2H20 2KOH + H21'
2Na + 2H20 -> 2NaOH + H2T

116a hoc & ling dung

0)) So 08 (24)/2o77
 eX"vei klondit

Fe khOng ph5n (mg Ai dung dich NaOH. Nau phan ang tao mu6i sat III.
Vay chi CO the trong ding mat nhOm thing KOH Fe > Fe3+ + 3e N 5 + 3e NO
nhan Nat la Mg, A1203, Al. a 3a 0,3 0,1
Chon dap an A. 0 + 2e > 0.2

Cau 46: b 2b

HOOC-(CH2)2 -CH-NH2-COOH + 2NaOH > Na00C- B5o toan e: 3a = 0,3 + 2b (2)
(CH2)2-CH-NH2-COONa + 2H20 Tis (1,2) a = 0,27; b = 0,255
Acid gluthamic B5o toan nguyen t6 Fe:
CH3NH3HCI + NaOH CH3NH2 + NaCl + H20 nFe = nFe (B) = 0,27mo1
Methylamoni chlorua m = 56 x 0,27= 15,12 gam
CH3COOCH=CH2 + NaOH *CH3COONa + CH3CHO - KhOng cO dap an.
Vinyl acetat
Cali 48:
C6H5OH + NaOH C6H5ONa + H20
1. KhOng xay ra phan (mg.
Phenol
2. Phan (mg tao S: SO2 + 2H2S 35.1- + 2H20
NH2-CH2-CO-NH-CH2-COOH + 2NaOH 2NH2-CH2-
3. AgNO3 kh6ng phan (mg vdi H3PO4.
COONa + H20
4. Phan ang tao kat tua:
Gly-Glyl
AgNO3 + HCI AgC1.1,+ HNO3
CO 5 chat tac dung vdi dung dich NaOH.
5. KhOng xay ra phan (frig.
Glyxerol va saccarozd thi kh6ng phan ang.
6. Phan Ung kh6ng cO kat tiia:
- Chon dap an B.
5502 + 2KMn04 + 5H20 3H2SO4 + K2504 + 2MnSO4
Cau 47: CO hai pi& Ung tao kat tiia.
No = 0,1mol - Chdn dap an A.
Quy d61 hem hp B Om Fe va 0 vai s6 mol Wong
ang la a, b. Cau 49:
56a + 16b = 19,2 (1) Fe2+ + 20H- Fe(OH)2,1' (1)
Bang kinh nghiem de cho mOt mu6i: NH4+ + OH- > NH31' + H20 (2)
Phan Ung tao mu6i sat II. HCO3- + OH- > C032- + H20 (4)
Fe -4 Fe2+ + 2e N+5 + 3e NO Chi c6 phan (mg:
a 2a 0,3 0,1 KOH + HNO3 KNO3 + H20 (3)
0 + 2e > 02- CO phaing trinh ion gi6ng phaing trinh d cho.
B 2b Chon dap an C.
BA toan e: 2a = 0,3 + 2b (2)
Cau 50:
TI (1,2) --* a = 0,3; b = 0,15 Kh6i ludng chat long: m = 19,5 x 0,8 = 15,6 gam
B5o toan nguyen Fe: Chi ca phenol mdi tac dung vdi dung dich NaOH nen
nFe = riFe (B) = 0,3mol Idp chat long phia tren l benzen.
m = 56 x 0,3 = 16,8 gam. Kh6i ludng phenol = 25 - 15,6 = 9,4 gam
- Chon dap an D. Chon dap an A. v

1145a hoc & Xing dung

sar 08 (284)/2o17
Erg', &et wait oWa
111111 lb% It NAY
A.M.AMAMAA'A.,.
A - TRUNG HOC Ca Sei
Cau I:
1. Nguyen tO cOa nguyen t6 X co t(ing so' hat co ban
la 34, trong dO s6 hat mang dien nhigu han s6 hat
khOng mang dien la 10 hat. Xac dinh s6 hat m6i loai
va cho bigt ten, ki hieu htia hoc dm nguyen t6 X?
2. Bang phucing phap h6a hac, hay phan biet ba
chat ran dong trong 3 lo mat nhan hang biet sau: K 20,
CuO, P205.
Cau II:
Neu nguyen lieu, cac c6ng doan chinh caa qua trinh
san xuat acid sulfuric.
Cau III:
Hoa tan hoan toan 24,2 gam h6n hop b6t CuO va
ZnO can viia dO 200m1 dung dich HCI 3M.
1. Tinh of& tram theo kh6i Wong cOa m6i oxit trong
h6n hap ban du.
2. Tinh khgi Wong dung dich H2SO4 20% dg h6a tan
hoar' toan h6n hap cac oxit ten.
cau iv:
1. Hay tinh toan va neu cach pha chg 500m1 dung
dich NaC1 0,9% (d = 1,009g/cm3) (nutic mu6i sinh Ii)
t1:1 mu6i an nguyen chat va nuac cat.
2. Neu cac cach digu chg NaOH va Mg(OH)2 tit
naing loai chat khac nhau va chi bang met Olin kg.
Cau V:
1. H6a tan m gam tinh thg Na2CO3.10H20 vao V(m1)
dung dich Na2CO3 C%( kh6i Wang rieng bang D g/ml)
thu duoc dung dich X. Lap c6ng thiic tinh n6ng d6 %
dm dung dich X theo m, V, C% va D.
B - TRUNG HOC PH6 THONG
Cau 1: Nguyen tif nguyen t6 X c6 t6ng so' electron
trong cac phan lap p la 8. Vi tri caa X trong bang he
th6ng tun hoan l
A. X ca s6 thU to 13, chu ki 3, nhOm IIIA
B. X c6 s6 tha tv 14, chu Id 3, nhOm IVA
C. X cO s6 tha tv 12, chu ki 3, nhOm IIA
D. X cO s6 tha tv 15, chu Id 3, nhOm VA
2. H6a tan hgt 3,2 gam oxit M20, (M la kim loai)
trong met Wong vita dO dung dich H2SO4 10%, thu duoc
dung dich mu6i c6 nong d6 12,9%. Sau Oar' Vng dem
c6 bat dung dich va lam lanh na, thu duac 7,868 gam
tinh thg mu6i vai hieu suat kgt tinh la 70%. Xac dinh
cOng thk caa tinh thg mu6i dO.
Cau VI:
Nung a gam Cu trong V lit kill 02 dgn phan hoan
toan thu dvoc chat ran A. Dun ming A trong b gam
dung dich H2SO4 98% (Wong vita sau khi tan he't
dvoc dung dich B chaa 19,2 gam mu6i va khi SO2. Cho
khi SO2 hgp thu hoan toan bJi 300m1 dung dich NaOH
0,1M thu dvoc 2,3 gam h6n hop hai mu6i. Tinh a, b va
V (dktc).
Cau VII:
A la dung dich H2SO4 0,2M, B la dung dich H2SO4
0,5M. Phai trian A va B theo ti le thg tich nhu thg nao
de duac dung dich H2SO4 0,3M.
Cau VIII:
Neu hien Wong h6a hac xay ra va vigt phuong trinh
km hoc khi ita tan Fe bang dung dich HCI r6i cho
them KOH vao dung dich va d lau ngoai khOng khi,
ngudi ta thu duric ke't tua mau nau do.
cau
Rat 400m1 dung dich BaCl2 5,2% (D = 1,003
gam/m1) vao 100m1 dung dich H2SO4 20% (D = 1,14
gam/in!). Xac dinh n6ng dO cac chat trong dung
dich c6n lai sau khi tach ba kgt taa. v
Cau 2: Hop chat hilu cc c6 c6ng thk CH3COOH ca
ten la:
A. Acid acetic B. Acid fomic
C. Acid propionic D. Acid ocalic
Cau 3: Phenol (C6H5OH) tac dung duac vial tat ca
cac chat trong day nao sau day?
H6a hoc & fing dung
sir 08 (284)/2017

A. Na, NaOH, HCI B. K, KOH, Br2
C. NaOH, Mg, Br2 D. Na, NaOH, NaHCO3
cau 4: Chat \Ara c6 tinh oxy h6a, vca CO lir-1h khil la:
A. Ozon B. Sit
C. LW huOh D. fluor
Cau 5: Dung dich nao sau day lam phenolphtalein
chuygn sang mau hong:
A. NH4NO3 B. NaOH
C. NaCI D. HCI
Cau 6: Thy phan hoan toan 3,96 gam vinyl fomiat
trong dung dich NaOH loang. Trung h6a hoan toan dung
dich sau phan (mg roi cho tac dung ti6p vdi dung dich
AgNO3/NH3 di thu duqc m gam Ag. Gia tri ca m la:
A. 23,76 gam B. 11,88 gam
C. 21,6 gam D. 15,12 gam
Cau 7: Mdt este don chat c6 tct khOi so vdi hydro la
44. Cho 17,6 gam X tac dung hgt vdi 300m1 dung dich
NaOH 1M. Tii dung dich sau phan ang thu (WO 23,2
gam chat ran khan. C6ng thilc cau tao dm X la:
A. HCOOCH2CH2CH3 B. HCOOCH(CH3)2
C. CH3C00C2H5 D. C2H5COOCH3
MI 8: El6t chay hoan toan m gam Fe trong khi Cl2
thu du'dc 6,5 gam mu6i. Gia tri cOa m la:
A. 2,80 gam B. 2,24 gam
C. 1,12 gam D. 0,56 gam
Cau 9: CO 4 acid: NCI; HBr; HF; HI. Tinh kfiii tang
don theo
A. HBr; HF; HI; HCI B. HCI; HI; HBr; HF
C. HI; HBr; HCI; HF D. HF; HCI; HBr; HI
Can 10: Cho Cu tac dung voi HNO3 dc thu diidc khi
CO mau nau do la:
A. NO B. N2
C. N20 D. NO2
Cau 11: Cho hinh ve thidi m6 ta thi thi nghigm.
Hinh ve rn6 ta thI nghigrn dg chang minh:
A. Tinh tan nhigu trong rustic cqa HCI
B. Tinh bazo cOa NH3
C. Tinh tan nhigu trong niidc dm NH3
lioa hoc & eng dung
Ss' 08 (284)/2o17
'
eify vei 44c kV matt
D. Tinh acid cqa HCI
Dung dich chat X
cc, mat, do
hkrtec Co ph:,
Ph en olpht a lein
Cau 12: Trong hat nhan nguygn tii, hat mang din la:
A. Proton B. Proton va electron
C. Electron D. Proton va ndtron
Can 13: Cho 2,16 gam kim loai R (h6a tri khOng
d6i) vao dking 250 gam dung dich Cu(NO3)2 3,76%
mau xanh dgn khi cac phan ang xay ra hoan toan, Idc
b6 ph5n khOng tan thu diidc dung dich khOng mau c6
kh6i long 247,152 gam. Kim loai R la:
A. Mg B. Ca
C. Al D. Na
Can 14: Tinh chat vat lc/ cOa kim loai la:
A. Anh kim, din nhigt, deo, cld ding
B. Din nhigt, deo, kh6i lirdng rieng, nhiet dO sOi
C. Nhigt dO s6i, nhigt dO n6ng chay, deo, dO ding
D. Din nhigt, d5n dien, deo, anh kim
Cau 15: KO hoan toan m gam CuO c5n vOa d 3,36
lit khi CO (dktc). Kh6i Wong (long thu du'dc sau phan
Ong la:
A. 6,4 gam B. 9,6 gam
C. 12,8 gam D. 3,2 gam
Cau 16: Phat bieu clung la:
A. Vinyl acetat phan ang vdi dung dich NaOH sinh
ra alkol ethylic.
B. Phenol ca tinh acid ygu, khOng lam di mau qui tim.
C. Thqy phan chat beo trong mOi taidng kim thu
diidc acid beo va glycerol.
D. CO 4 dong phan amin bac 1 ang vdi cOng thiic
C3H9N
Can 17: Tinh chat h6a hoc dc thing ca kim loai la:
A. Tac dung voi phi kim B. Tac dung vdi acid
C. Tinh oxy h6a D. Tinh kht:i
Fr Yi eigy ea ve Apc wair, o/la
Cau 18: Tinh kha tang d5n theo tha ta tI trai qua
phai la:
A. Na < Li < K < Cs B. Li < Na < K < Cs
C. Cs < K < Li < Na D. Cs < K < Na < Li
Cau 19: Cho V lit khi CO2 (dktc) vao dung dich chaa
0,2mol Ca(OH)2 thu difoc 10 gam k5t taa. Gia triIOn
nh5t dm V la:
A. 3,36 lit B. 2,24 lit
C. 6,72 lit D. 1,12 lit
Cau 20: Dung dich nao sau day lam qujr tim chuygn
mau do?
A. Alanin B. Anilin
C. Glycin D. Acid gluthamic
Cau 21: Phat bigu nao dad day v6 acid amino la
khOng thing:
A. Acid amino la hOp chat hau co tap chac trong
phan ta chaa Tong thdi nhOm amino va nhOm carboxyl.
B. HOp ch5t H2NCOOH la acid amino don gran nhal
C. Acid amino ngoai clang phan ti (H2NRCOOH) cOn
cO clang ion lirong cijc (H3N+13C00-)
D. ThOng tinting dang ion lifdng cac la dang ton tai
chinh dm acid amino.
Cau 22: Phan ure CO c6ng thac la:
A. (NH2)2C0 B. NH4N04
C. (NH4)2CO3 D. NH4HCO3
Cau 23: Cho 150m1 dung dich Ba(OH)2 1M vao
250m1 dung dich Al2(SO4)3 x(M) thu daoc 42,75 gam
keyt taa. Them tiO 200m1 dung dich Ba(OH)2 1M vao
Mn hop phan ang thl lacing taa thu &pc la 94,2375
gam. Gia tri caa x la:
A. 0,3M B. 0,25M
C. 0,15M D. 0,45M
Cau 24: Cho day cac ch5t sau: vinyl fonniat, methyl
acrylat, glucozo, saccarozo, ethylamin, alanin. Phat bleu
nao sau day sal?
A. CO 3 chg lam m5t mau nhiOc brom.
B. CO 3 chal bi thay phan trong m6i truOng kiOnn.
C. CO 3 ch5t hau cd clan chic, mach hd.
D. CO 2 ch5t tham gia phan ang trang bac.
0))
Cau 25: 06t chay hoan toan m gam Mn hop X g6m
C3H7COOH, HO-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-0H va C4F18(NH2)2 thu
dadc 4,48 lit khi CO2 (dktc). Gia tn cOa m la:
A. 8,8 gam B. 6,0 gam
C. 6,6 gam D. 4,4 gam
Cau 26: Hop chat hal co X tac dung dim vdi dung
dich KOH va dung dich brom nhang kh6ng tac dung vdi
dung dich KHCO,. Ton goi caa X la:
A. Acid acrylic B. Vnyl acetat
C. Anilin D. Alkol benzylic
Cau 27: Cho 4 kim loai Ag, Fe, Mg, Zn va 4 dung
dich ZnSO4, AgNO3, CuC12, FeSO4. Kim loai kha dadc ca
b6n dung dich mu6i la:
A. Fe B. Zn
C. Cu D. Mg
Cau 28: Trong ddi sting, ngudi ta thutng sir dung
m6t loai may dung de' :khi d6c: cho rau, hoa qua hoc
thit ca tn.& khi sc dung. Ch5t nao sau day c6 tac dung
dd ma do loai may tren tao ra?
A. Cl2 B. H2
CO2 D.03
Cau 29: Dung dich nao dadi day kh6ng hba tan daoc
Cu kim loai?
A. Dung dich Fe(NO3)3
B. Dung dich NaHSO4
C. Dich h6n hop NaNO3 va HCI
D. Dung dich HNO3
Cau 30: Cho 20 gam b6t Fe vao dung dich HNO3 va
khugy d5n khi phan ang xong thu V lit khi NO va c6n
3,2 gam kim loai. Vay V lit khi NO (dktc) la:
A. 2,24 lit B. 4,48 lit
C. 6,72 lit D. 5,6 lit
Cau 31: Cho m gam b6t Fe tac dung vdi 175 gam
dung dich AgNO3 34% sau phan tang thu &Mc dung
dich X chi chaa hai mu6i sat va 4,5m gam ch5t ran.
Wong clO % caa Fe(NO3)2 trong dung dich X la:
A. 9,81% B. 12,36%
C. 10,84% D. 15,6%
Cau 32: Khi nOi v6 vi tri caa kim loai trong bang
tun hoan thl Idt luan sal la:
Iloa hoc & ling dung
Ss' 08 (2840/2o17

A. Cac nguyen t6 khi s, tit H, He con lal la kim loai.
B. Cac nguyen t6 nhOm IIIA du la kim loai.
C. Cac nguyen t6 kh6i f du l kim loai.
D. Cac nguyen ta kh6i d du la kim loai.
Cau 33: Tinh kh6i Wong kat tOa thu doc khi cho
150m1 dung dich Na2S 1M qua dung dich chaa 0,2mol
FeCl3. phan ang xay ra hoan toan.
A. 12 gam B. 1,6 gam
C. 8,8 gam D. 10,4 gam
Cau 34: Tong s6 cac khi C12, HCI, CH3NH2, 02 thi
c6 bao nhieu khi tao "khoi trang" khi ti6p xUc vai khi
NH3 di.i?
A.1 B.2
C.3 D.4
Cau 35: HOa tan het 0,02mol Al va 0,03mol Cu vao
dung dich HNO3 roi c6 can va dun den kh6i 'Yong
khOng d6i thi thu duoc chat ran nang:
A. 3,42 gam B. 2,94 gam
C. 9,9 gam D. 7,98 gam
Cau 36: Cau nao sau day la clang khi rid v6 hi6u ang
nha kinh va mkia acid?
A. Khi gay ra hieu ang nha kinh la CO2 va khl gay
ra miia acid la SO2; NO2
B. Khi gay ra hieu ang nha kInh l SO2 va khi gay
ra mita acid la CO2; NO2
C. Khi gay ra hieu ang nha kinh la SO2; CO2 va khi
gay ra mkia acid la NO2
D. Khi gay ra hieu (mg nha kinh la NO2 va khi gay
ra maa acid la SO2; CO2
Cau 37: Trong phan tich dinh tinh d6 phat hien ski
CO mat ciia H2O ngadi ta dung:
A. H2SO4 dac B. NaOH dc
C. CuSO4 khan D. CaO
Cau 38: Nhiet da s6i cUa cac chat CH3COOH,
C2H5OH, CH3CHO, C2H6, tang theo tha W la:
A. C2H6, < CH3CHO < CH3COOH < C2H5OH
B. CH3COOH < C2H5OH < CH3CHO <
C. C2H6, < C2H5OH < CH3CHO < CH3COOH
D. C2H6, < CH3CHO < C2H5OH < CH3COOH
Cau 39: MOt s6 nguai bi benh dau da day khi cam
Ha hoc & fing dung
str 08 (284)/2017
4,j, &five &gime. oW,09-1
tray dau ngLidi ta thLiang an gi d6 giarn dau?
A. Khe B. Barth mi
C. Cam D. Dim
Cau 40: H6n hop khi X Om C2H4, C2H2, C3H8, C4F110
va H2. D5n 6,32 gam X qua binh thing dung dich brom
di! thi CO 0,12mol Br2 phan ang. Oat chay hoan toan
2,24 lit X (dktc), thu da0c 4,928 lit CO2 (dktc) va m
gam H2O. Gia tr cOa m la:
A. 5,85 gam B. 4,68 gam
C. 3,51 gam D. 2,34 gam
Cau 41: Cho 8,2 gam h6n hOp hai aldehyd dOn chac
ging clang Id flap tac dung vai AgNO3/NH3 du sau phan
ang hoan toan thu dim 54 gam Idt tOa. Xac dinh cOng
thac cUa hai aldehyd?
A. CH3CHO; C2H5CHO B. C2H3CHO; C3H5CHO
C. HCHO; CH3CHO D. C2H5CHO; C3H7CHO
Cau 42: Oxy h6a 9,2 gam alkol ethylic bang CuO dun
n6ng, thu NO 13,2 gam h6n hcip gm aldehyd, acid,
alkcol chaa phan ang va ntiac Han [Kip nay tac dung
vai Na da sinh ra 3,36 lit H2 (dktc). Phan tram kh6i
Wong alkol d chuy6n h6a thanh acid la:
A. 90% B. 75%
C. 50% D. 25%
Cau 43: Acid panmitic c6 cOng thac la:
A. C17H31C00H B. C17H33COOH
C. C17H35COOH D. C15H31COOH
Cau 44: Phat bigu khOng dting la:
A. Dung dich fructozo hba tan &lac Cu(OH) 2
B. ThUy phan (xac tac H-, t) xenlulozo ding nha tinh
bOt du cho cOng mOt nnonosaccarit.
C. San phfin thby phan xenlulozo (xOc tac H2-, t)
c6 th6 tham gia phan Cing trang guong.
D. Dung dich saccarozo tac dung c6 phan ang
trang bac
Cau 45: H6n hop X g6m hai este don chac la Tong
phan cOa nhau. Dun nOng m gam X vai 300mI dung
dich NaOH 1M, ket thac cac phan ang thu dadc dung
dich Y va (m - 8,4) gam h6n hp hoi g6m hai aldehyd
no, dal chac, citing clang tiap c6 ti kh6i hi so a
H2 la 26,2. CO can dung dich Y thu duoc (m - 1,1) gam
chat ran. COng thac cUa hai este la:
A. CH3COOCH=CHCH3 va CH3C00C(CH3)41-12
Fr gre eoft fAI Xvc mew,
B. HCOOC(CH3)=CH2 va HCOOCH=CHCH3
C. C2H5C00CH=CH2 va CH3CO0CH=CHCH3
D. HCOOCH=CHCH3 va CH3COOCH=CH2
Cau 46: Trong s6 cac chat sau, chat nao la amin
bac 1?
A. (CI-13)2NH B. CH3-NH2
C. CH3-NH-C21-15 D. (CH3)3N
Cau 47: Thuy phan hoan toan 1mol pentapeptit
mach h6 X, thu dUctc 3mol glyxin (Gly), 1mol alanin
(Ala) va 1mol valin (Val). Thily phan khOng hoan toan
X thu du% hai dipeptit Gly-Ala, Ala-Gly va tripeptit Gly-
Gly-Val nhung khOng thu duoc peptit nao sau day?
A. Gly-Gly-Gly B. Gly-Val
C. Gly-Ala-Gly D. Gly-Gly
Cau 48: Cho a gam h6n hop X g6m hai a-amino
acid no, h6 chaa mat nhOm amino, mat nhOm carboxyl
tac dung 40,15 gam dung djch HCI 200/0 thu dUoc dung
djch A. D6 tac dung hal cac chat trong dung djch A can
140m1 dung dich KOH 3M. 06t chay hoan toan a gam
tarYtt3K).)
4 LOAI IRA THAO MOC NEN U6NG HANG NGAY
N
hiau ngudi khOng thich u6ng cac loai tra that)
mac vi ho nghT rang nhang loai nudc nay
khOng ngon. Tuy nhien, hay thir nnOt s6 tra
thao mac rat quen thuac boi chi:mg ding v6 ding MO
vi va mang lai nhiau loi ich cho sUc khoe dm ban.
1. Ira xanh
Ira xanh la mat Iva chon thOng minh thay cho ca
phe b6i ham 'Yong chat ch6ng oxy h6a cao giOp giai
d0c co the. Tra xanh rat t6t cho Ian da cOa ban. CO
ngtidi thich u6ng tra xanh thuan trong khi nhting
ngudi khac lai mu6n thuang thCic tach tra xanh thom vi
chanh hoac bac ha. Keit hop hai huong vi nay ding kha
ngon ke ca khi ban u6ng nOng vao mita dOng hoac
u6ng lanh vao mita he vdi da.
2. Ira chanh, mOt ong va gUng
Theo m6t nghien dm, mat ong nguyel) chat CO tinh
khang khuan rat manh, giup lam du CO hong va Pay
diat vi khuan gay ra nhiem tiling. Mat ong cOn giup 136
sung nhiau loai vitamin va cac khoang chat can thial
giCip co the doi dao sinh1Vc, tang cuting kha nang mien,
dich va ngan ngila nhiau loai banh tat, giUp cho co the
It& khOe manh, cuting trang.
hon hop X thu dikic san pham chay Om CO2, H20,
N2diroc din qua binh citing dung dich Ca(OH)2 du thay
kh6i long binh tang 32,8 gam. Biel tY la kh6i long
phan ti cOa chUng la 1,56. Amino acid cb phan tO kh6i
On la:
A. Valin B. Tyrosin
C. Lysin D. Aanin
Cau 49: Polime nao sau day &roc t6ng hop bang
ohan Ong trung hop?
A. Nilon-6,6 B. PVC
C. TO visco D. Protein
Cau 50: Cho 31,15 gam h6n hop bOt Zn va Mg (tY
la mol 1 : 1) tan hal trong dung dich h6n hop Om
NaNO3 va NaHSO4 thu duoc dung dich A chi chaa m
gam hem hop cac mu6i va 4,48 lit (dktc) h6n hop khi
B g6m N20 va H2. Khi B c6 tY kh6i so vdi H2 bang 11,5.
m gn gia trj nao nhat?
A. 240 gam B. 255 gam
C. 132 gam D. 252 gam
(Nguygn Duy Phu'Oc) v
Gimg c6 chVa chat khang histannin, gip h6 tro diau
tri cam lanh va cam COM hiau qua.
Hay thir mat tach tra Ong vdi mat ong va chanh,
va ban se thay n6 mang lai Wong vi dc bit khi u6ng
nOng. Loai tra nay dac bit tuyat voi khi ding vao mita
dOng. ThUdng thac mat tach tra nOng nhu the' nay luOn
dem dan cho ban sac khoe.
3. Ira cam thao
Tra cam thao duoc xem la vi thu6c h6 tro tri panh
ho hay nhat, ngudi xua thudng dung cam thao de sac
u6ng khi,bi ho4 suyen, trong dOng y cam thao duoc xem
la vi thuOc phO pien nhat vi chin-1g c6 tac dung diau hda
cac vi thu6c, bO ti', ich khi, giai cam.
4. Ira bac ha
Loai tra nay dem da'n cam giac tinh tao, rat t6t cho
tieu h6a va m6t s6 trieu chang kh6 chju 0 da
day. Ban cp the thirOng thac mat, tach tra bac ha 6 bat
kY thdi diem nao trong ngay de "lam mdi" lai co the
ma khOng so bj mat ngit. mu6n u6ng ngot, ban c6
the' them mat chat mat mia va tha vai vien (la la thanh
mat thac u6ng rat tuyat khi trdi nOng.
(Pham Hoai Van, tinh Ha Tinh - Stiu tim) v
H6a 116c & eng dung
Ss' 08 (284)/2o17

NMTNG TOO Pall HE GAY SAT RANG
enh sau rang do nhieu nguyen nhan gay ra,
B trong dO ski len men cac chat bOt diking dinh
vao rang sau khi an bai cac vi khudn trong
khoang mieng sinh ra acid pha hby men rang clang vai
trO quan trgng. Vi vay, ding, vdi duy tri ye sinh rang
mieng t6t thi viec CO mOt che dO an uOng hOp IY khoa
hgc la chia khga cho viec phOng benh sau rang.
Thdc an gi gay sau rang?
Cac loai diking khac nhau c6 kha nang gay sau rang
khac nhau: dudng saccarose la loai diking gay sau rang
nhieu nhat, sau dO la cac loai thOng dung trong chd dO
an hang ngay khac nhu glucose, fructose, maltose. Vi
vay, se kh6ng ich loi nhieu nau thay diking saccarose
bang cac loai diking ke tren trong muc dich_giam kha
nang gay sau rang. Ngoai ra, carbohydrat de len men
nhu cac loai diking saccarose, glucose, fructose, malt-
ose, lactose di trong mat ong, mat yang, mat mia, trai
cay tut', khO hoac d6ng hOp; nugc nggt... du la nhCing
mOn an iia thich cUa vi khuan gay benh sau rang.
Diking trong chd dO an c6 th' chia lam hai loai:
dudng nOi sinh (diking, trong hoa qua va rau) va Ming
ngoai sinh (dding IA sung, nikic qua, Oa). DUOng
ngoai sinh cO kha nang gay sau rang cao kin, vi vay
nen Om dng ngoai sinh trong chd dO an. Dding IDO
sung cgn gam ca &king them vao cac loai thu6c dung
cho tre em va sir& vi thd ndu dung cac loai thu6c nay
dai ngay ding lam tang nguy co gay sau rang.
Tuy vay, ski lien quan truc flap giria chd dO an diking
va tY le benh sau rang pho thuOc vao cach thac va tin
suat an diking hon la t6ng liking dng tieu thu dm
mbi ca the. Nguy c0 sau rang se cao hOn 6 nhiing nguti
c6 thOi quen an vat va 6 nfiling nguti hay an cac loai
diking dinh.
Tinh bet: nghien diu dich fe hgc cho thay tinh bOt
c6 it nguy co gay sau rang. Tinh Kit duoc nau chin cO
tinh gay sau rang bang mOt phan ba hoc mOt dia
kha nang gay sau rang dia saccarose. Tuy nhien, hOn
hop tinh bet va saccarose cO tiem nang gay sau rang
nhieu hon mOt minh tinh bOt.
Li khuyen ve che" 60 an
Dng bet : Khuydn cao mac tieu tho &king tki do
duti 10kgingiidi/nam (trung binh khoang 500
garninguti/thang) se giam dang kd ti le sau rang. Hien
nay cac chat nggt kh6ng phai diking thay thd dtigc
dung ngay cang nhieu dc biet trong cOng nghiep banh
1-145a hoc & ling dung
Sir 08 (24)/2077
e
c llak",97cae"-
keo va thiic u6ng giai khat, ca trong keo cao su... Cac
chat nggt thay thd dudng nhit sorbitol, nnalnitol, siroglu-
cose thUy phan, isomalt, xylitol, lactitol... la loai nggt it;
saccharin, acesulfame K, aspatame, thaumatin la loai
nggt dam. Cac chat nggt thay thd diking g5n hoc
kh6ng mang tinh gay sau rang. Cac loai nggt dam va
xylitol khgng gay sau Ong, trong khi cac, loai nggt it
hon c6 the duoc vi khuan nnang barn chuyen hod nhiing
vgi t6c dO rat cham, cac loai nay cO thd xenn nhii an
toan, vai chat nggt da poc cho phep dung. Xylitol ngay
nay cOn dugc dung de lam keo cao su giOp phOng
sau rang.
Dfing ngu6n thdc an giau calci, phosphat, vita-
min D
Cac chat nay, cO trong rau qua xanh, ca,
phomat... giOp chac rang va chOng loang Wong 0 ngudi
Ign tuOi. Mac dO 6 nu& ta thOi quen an phomat chkia
ph6 bidn nining day la nguon giau chat calci, phosphat,
khi an phomat, calci se duoc giai phOng, barn vao be
mat rang va cO tac dung tai khoang hOa be mit rang
chCing lai ski tan cOng dm acid. Ngoai ra, viec tang
chat beo trong khdu ph5n an cO the lam giarn tac dOng
dia cac tac nhan gay benh sau rang.
Rau qua: An nhCing loai thkic phdm kh6ng gay hai
cho rang nhii chuOt, bap cal, slip 10, bi xanh, bi d6,
ca tim, cO cal, ca r6t, dua gang, rau ridp... giiip lam
sach rang va loai b6 mang lakia vbi.
Loai thuc phdm nhti chuCii, cha la, nho, ca chua, dau
ha Ian, qua VA, sung, tao nggt, qua lkiu, cam, quYt, quat,
me chua... c6 chUa nhieu carbohydrate de gay sau rang
nhung ding khOng nen doan tuyet vi chung ding cO
nhieu ydu t6 c6 loi cho rang mieng nhu lam sach va
chaa fluorid, ngoai ra cOn chaa nhieu vitamin va khoang
chat can thidt cho co the'.
Chung ta cO the dung xen ke loai thkic phdm gay sau
rang vgi thuc pham kh6ng gay sau rang thi s t6t hon.
Vi d, an banh gatO dinh rang sau dO lai nhai midng
phomat thi sach nnieng mau hon. Sib cO
phospho nen CO tac dung trung hga vdi thuc pham de
gay sau rang nhii dilOng. Thilc an tinh bOt trang (bOt
loai b6 nhieu lap vo barn ben ngoai dm hat ngO c6c)
lam cho diking va acid bam chic vao rang. Vi the',
trong bib an hang ngay ta nen xen ke cac thilc an
tinh, th6 vgi cac thac an cO nhieu chat xo (xenlulo) se
lam cho rang chic khge va sach rang.
(Le Lam Hang, tinh Sdc Trang - Sifu tam) v
 407 auk .1e4/4
GONG DVNG OtA DIU O LE
Thtic ddy tug!' hoar' matt
Du iu c6 the' phOng ngila cac chang benh nhuxo
mpg dOng mach, cao huyet p, belt tim, tam luc hao
ten, than suy yeu, xuat huyet nao. Nghien can, cho thay
acidt beo omega-6 trong dau thuc vat cO the lam cho
ging mach thu co, ta dO lam cho tim phai ganh vac
them nhiki ding viect gay ra cao huyk p nhang acid-
beo omega-3 trong du O liu CO the tang them luerlg ni-
tric oxide - met chat hea hoc quan trong, cif) the lam
"gian na" Ong mach, giep ngan ngita thadng tem (Xing
mach do cao huyet p gay ra.
Cal thin chdc Ong tido hoa
Trong du 0 liu giau acid beo ca 10i cho co the' hon
ca met loai du thkic vat nao. Day ding la loai du
c6 c6 nhik loai vitamin A, D, D, F, K, chk carotine, vi-
tamin dung hea chk beo va chat ch6ng oxy h6a nhang
lai khOng cholesterol, nen khas nang hap thu va tieu hOa
vao trong the la rat IOn. Du 6 liu c6 chac nang lam
gi5m bdt vi toan, ngan chan gay ra viem da day va
benh viern loet 12 d6t dating met, dOng thdi c6 the kich
thich dich mat bai tik, lam cho chk md giam thgp va
"hda tan", de duec niem mac &Ong ruOt h5p thy, ti dO
tranh daoc gay ra benh viem tai mat va sal mat.
Bao ye da
Acid beo trong du 0 liu vaa t6t cho sac khee dep
da (OCT da dap hoi va lang min). Cac vitamin trong
du 6 liu CO the lieu tra" nep nhan 0 mat, ngan chan
da lao h6a, c6 chac nang bao v da va phOng ngiIa tay
chan flat no, la met loai da0c thien bao v va ,lam dp
da. Ngoai ra, clang du 0 liu 136i lenda
, c6 the giap da
ngan ngiia tia ccic tim va phOng cheng ung thu da.
COng CO chic nang nQi hal tie't
Du O liu giep tang citing chac nang trao di chk
CU mdi trong cci the. DO la vi trong du 6 liu ham chaa
hon 80% acid beo va acid beo omega-3. Khi ham liking
acid beo trong mac te" bao cang cao thi sCi laOng kk
hQp te" bao kep cang nhi5u, va tinh linh hoat cang
nnanh. Chk DHA Op tang de nhay dm insulin. Khi cO
the dung nap met laong acid beo thIch hOp, chac .nang
trao del chk ce mdi sO lam viec cang "theng suet", tif
dO gi5m thgp duOc nguy cO gay ra beo phi ya benh
tiu dudng. Kel qua nghien cau mdi days nhat chi ra
rang, ngudi manh khoe sau khi sO dung du 0 liu, ham
liking Ming trong cd the giarn 12%. Vi vay, plan tai
du 0 liu da tro thanh loai du an t6t nh5t de phOng
ch6ng va kheing ch5 benh tieu dating.
0))
Co Ich cho hQ xu'ong
Chk ch6ng oxy hea thien nhien va acid beo omega-
3 trong du 0 liu deng vai tit quan trong trong viec hap
thu khoang chat nha calci, phospho, kern cea cd the,
tO dO thec day he niOng phat then, duy tri mat de cho
xaing, giOm bdt nguy cd hinh thanh bang nicing do
cac g6c tcl do gay ra.
Tac dung chit-rig ung thu
Acid beo omega-3 k5t hop vdi omega-6 tranh doat
chk XOC tac c5n thi't cho ski trao dei chk de' cac te"
bao ac tinh phat trien thanh kh6i u 0 cac be phan nhu
vO, tuy6n tin liet, dai trang, tO cung... Acid beo omega-
3 cen c6 the lam tang them tac dung hea tri va xa tri,
giep tang mac decOng . kich cUa cac hOa chk, tia xa
de hey hoai cac te bao dc tinh.
Tac dung chi:111g tia bdc xa
Do trong du 0 liu ham chaa thanh ph5n dc bit
giap phOng cheng sy gay hai cUa cac tia bac xa nen
du 0 liu la iliac pham khOng the thieu trong thuc dOn
cea cac phi hanh gia. NgUdi dung nhi'eu may tinh ding
nen thaOng xuyendeng. vi du 0 liu duoc Icca chon la
thuc pharn t6t nha t dO girl gin sac khoe va bao ye da.
Pitting benh tim mach
Du 6 liu giOp giann viem, t6n thudng thanh Ong
mach nhd kha nang loc bo acid amino cysteine (Cys,
C). Chk squalene trong du 0 liu giap tang cudng ham
Long chole,ptrole t6t va gim lifcsng cholestrole x5u
trong cci the. Nghien cau mai nhat chang minh, nam
gidi trung nien sau khi dung du 0 liu, lacing cholestrole
xau giOm toi 21%.
Bao ye gan
Met nghion cau mei nhat tren Ong vat dm cac nha
khoa hoc thuec Dal hoc Monastir (Tunisia) cho thay
dau 0 liu cOn c6 tac dung bao ve gan hieu qua. Neu
thadng xuyen an du 6 liu, su 5nh tiding d6i vdi gan
se Om di ngay ca khi gan dang trong tinh trang duec
tiem dec t6.
Cac nha khoa hoc da tie'n hanh thi nghiem tren
chuOt bang cach chia chuet thi nghiem thanh hai nhOm,
trong de nhOm tha nhat thudng xuyen an thac an chaa
nhi5u du 6 liu, nhOm tha hai chi an thac an binh
thudng. CO hai nhOm du daOc tiem hea chk c6 hai cho
gan. Kk qua sau dO phat hien gan caa chuet nhOm tha
hai bi t'On hai rO ret, trong khi gan caa chuet nhOm tha
nhk lai bi anh huang nhe hdn.
(Le Ddc Dung, tinh Sdc Trang - Stiu dm) ir
H6a hoc & eng dung
so 08 (284)/2o77

CO THe BAN CHliA BIT:
GLiI NOBEL HA HUG 2016 THUOU VI AI?
a nha khoa hoc Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Sir J
B Fraser Stoddart va Bernard L Feringa chia nhau
giai thuting Nobel H6a hoc danh gia nam nay
cho viec thiat ka va t6ng hop cac loai may sieu nho cd
phan Lif.
Cu the, HOi dong trao giai Nobel Vin han lam Khoa
hoc Hoang gia Thy Dien ngay 5/10 d guyat dinh trao
giai Nobel Hda hoc cho b0 ba nha khoa hgc Phap, Anh
va Ha Lan la Jean-Pierre Sauvage c6a Dai hoc Stras-
bourg (Phap), J. Fraser Stoddart c6a Dai hoc North-
Western (M9) va Bernard L. Feringa dm Dal hoc
Groningen (Ha Lan).
2016 NOBEL. PRIT N CHE ISTRY
Jean-Pierre Sauvage
Sir J. Fraser Stoddart
Bernard L. Feringa
BO ba nha khoa hoc Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Sir J
Fraser Stoddart va Bernard L Feringa chia nhau
giii thdOng Nobel 116a hoc nam 2016
NhOm 3 n,ha khoa hoc u' _nay dOc
vinh danh nhti
"thiat ka va tOng hop cac CO may phan till (hay cOn goi
la c6 may nano)". Theo cid, hg da thanh cOng trong
viec n6i cac phan Lit lai vdi nhau d thiat ka nen mOt
chiec may nano vdi cac dOng ccJ ti hon ding vdi cac
c0 bap clic till dd chOng _minh dutic rang, con
ngfidi cd the
the' tao ra nhang cO may nh6 chi bang
1/1.000 m6t soi tOc.
Theo thOng cao dia uy ban, ca ba d "phat, trien
cac phan tO vdi cac di chuyen c6 the diet] khien, va
thijc hien dc cac chuc nang khi doc nang
luting".
"Cac nha Nobel Hda hoc 2016 d thu nh6 cac loai
may va dila h6a hoc tai cac dinh cao mdi. HQ d lam
H6a 11.6c & eng dung
Str 08 (284)/2017
vui mei
ch6 dirOc viec kiern s,oat chuyen Ong 0 kich thutic phan
thOng cao cOa Uy ban Nobel nhan manh.
C6 may phan tO, hay c6 may nano, la dang th,iat bi
du0c xay du'ng till nhirng cau trik bac nano cd the thoc
hien nhiing thao tac WOng tij nho chuyen dOng c0 hoc
dap Ong vdi mOt kich thich till ben ngoai, tOc kich thich
clau vao. Nau thoc hien thanh cOng cu truc may dang
nay, nd s cho phep con ngLidi thoc hien cac thao tac
cd crion loc va cung cap giai phap hieu cho sil
chuyen dOi hda chat trong y hoc nano.
Theo BBC, cac c may sip nh6 cd phan tO cd the
dutic diia vao ben trong cd the con flood de van, chuyen
thu0c tdi cac to" bao bi benh till ben trong - chang han
tie)) thu6c diet' tri Lrifc tie'p tOi cac ta bao ung tho. Ngoai
ra, nghien cOu c6a b0 ba riha khoa hQc villa doat giai
Nobel Hda hoc ding cd the &roc Ong dung trong tinh
vLfc thiat ka vat lieu thOng minh.
Nha khoa hoc Jean-Pierre Sauvage sinh nam 1944
6 Paris, Phap la mOt chuyen gia v h6a hoc sieu phan
Ngodi huOng clan luan an hen si c6a Ong la Giao su'
Jean-Marie Lehn ding tiing la ch6 nhan giai Nobel Hda
hoc vao nam 1987. Jean-Pierre Sauvage hien la giao
sli danh dcl c6a Dai hoc Strasbourg (Phap) va la Giarn
dac nghien cOu danh dcl c6a Trung tam gutic gia Nghien
cOu Khoa hoc (CNRS) c6a Phap.
COn Giao ar Fraser Stoddart sinh nam 1942 6 Ed-
inburgh, Vodng gutic Anti, hien thinh giang tai Dai hgc
Northwestern c6a M9. Ong ch6 yau nghien cau trong
linh voc hda hoc sieu phan tic va ding nghe nano.
Ong Bernard L. Feringa sinh nam 1951 6 Barger-
Compascuum, Ha Lan, hien la gido SLI nganh Hda hi:1u
co tai Dai hoc Groningen, Ha Lan. Ong la chuyen gia
ve h6a hgc hiru c tOng hop, nghien cat] chuyen sau,ve
cOng nghe nano phan tic va chat xuc tad thuan nhat.
Nam ngodi, b0 ba nha khoa hoc Tomas Lindahl, Paul
Modrich va Aziz Sancar nhan giai Nobel H6a hgc vi
cOng trinh ye ban do giai thich cci cha W chria tri DNA
c6a te" bao nham dam bao cac thOng tin di truyen.
Till nam 1901 tdi nay, Oy ban trao giai Nobel da
107 Ian trao giai thding danh gia. NO chi bi gian doan,
trong thdi gian Chian tranh The' gidi tha 1 va MI 2 n6
ra. NgilOi tre nhat dLIQc trao giai Nobel H6a hgc la
Frederic Joliot, 35 tuOi nam 1935 va ngLlOi 16n tuOi
nha.t nhan giai thuting danh gia la John B. Fenn, 85
tuOi narn 2002.
(Cao Qujinh Anh, tinh Yen Bat - Buy tam) v
 4c
07 v& me 4c,
DAP AN O CHCi TRUOC: QU6C Tg LAO DONG

A Ii
A

A
8 A 0

11 A
12 A

13 V A

qr CHU Kir NAY

,
1.Nhung vao acid thay chuygn mau dO, vao bazo 7. Nguyen t6 ph6 bign thir 2 sau oxy, chigm gan
chuye n mau xanh. 29,5% kh6i liIdng vo Trai
2. Phircing phap sinh h6a diet] chg alkol ethylic. 8. Khi cho iod vao ho tinh b6t thay xuat hien mau.
3. Dung chat nay dg phan bit benzen, toluen, stiren. 9. Acid Ou h0n ca acid H2CO3.
4. Th6 pham chinh gay ra suy gim tang ozon. 10. Chat ma M9 rai xu6ng Viet Nam trong chign tranh.
5. Kh6i thu6c la chaa nhieu chat nay. 11. Kh1 duy tri sit s6ng, sit chay.
6. Oxy h6a kh6ng hoan toan alkol bac hai tao 12. Alkol tan nhigu trong nu& la do alkol va nii6c
thanh... tar) thanh.
13. Phan ang tao thanh polyme.

10
11
12 1

13

(Thanh Tung) ir

Ha hoc & eng dung

Se 08 (284/2017)
 CAU
CHAT XUC TAC CO mt 1161 gilt MAI TifAls NffItS1 tItU
Phan eng Men CO2 thanh ethanol cO the' Ling
dung trong c6ng nghe mdi [Tan bie'n ddi
khI tOu
C
ac nha khoa hgc 6 PhOng thi nghiem
Qu6c gia Oak Ridge, bang Tennessee,
M9 d ve tinh phat hien met phLidng
phap ddn gian bign CO2 thanh ethanol cO the' sii
dung lam nhien lieu, theo bao cao cOng b6 tren
Tap chi ChemistrySelect.
Trong khi c6 ang Um chu6i Oran (Mg ilea hdc
phac tap nham bign CO2 thanh nhien lieu CO ich,
nhOm nghien dm nhan ra met chat XOC tac ma hg
dtia vao dg th6c da'y phan Ung lai cO thg tLi thric
hien toan be qua trinh nay.
"Day la met kgt qua ba't ngd boi viec tao ra
ethanol tit CO2 vOi met chat xiic tac duy nhgt la rat
(Phan Hoang Thuyen, Khoa Hda hoc, Trudng Dal hoc Si! pham Ha Ni I - Stfu tam).
khO", Adam Rondinone, Prier-1g thi nghiem Quiic gia
Oak Ridge, thuec Be Nang luting M9, cho bigt.
chat xec tac dudc tao ra carbon, eking va nitro
bang cach dua cac hat nano citing vao Of carbon
ph6 nitro cao 50 - 80 nanomet. Sau khi cho dOng
dien 1,2V chay qua, chat XOC tac nay cO the' bign
CO2 ilea tan trong ruck thanh ethanol, hdp chat hau
cd attic sI dung Ong rai nhu met loai nhien lieu,
CO hieu sugt len tdi 63%.
"Bang cach SC1 dung ding nghe nano dg sap xgp
cac nguyen lieu th6ng thing, ch6ng tOi tim ra cach
han chg cac phan (mg phu va tao ra san pham
mong mu6n", Adam Rondinone giai thich.
Qua trinh nay mang nhieu Liu digm hdn cac
phu'Ong phap bign CO2 thanh nhien lieu khac. Chat
x6c tac chi% tao ra ti cac vat lieu re tin va c thg
phan (gig nhiet do pheng vOi yeu cu v dien
thgp, do dO CO thg ap dung phu'ong phap nay dg me
Ong sari xuat 0 quy nnO cOng nghiep.
"Qua trinh nay cho phep ban sCi dung lung
dien du thEia dg san xugt va tich tra ethanol",
Rondinone noi.
Ethanol CO thg sI dung cho may phat dien va xe
CO. Nh6m nghien cat.' du dinh nghien ciTh sau hUn
phan (frig bign CO2 thanh ethanol va c6 gang
lam tang (lieu sugt cOa nO.
 BiNH THOY DGEN NANO SMART
CONG NGHE
- ThirCH Al\IH NANO PHI KIM L0/.1
Tat c cac tha nh ph6n trong kin phdm nay
hodn toein tuan the' cdc tiou chudn lien goon tdi ntidc tieing
vet du'eic kiern dinh do Wang theo TCKT.VN

Ddn ,vi cLing Cfng

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