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INGLS
PARA
ESPAOLES
BASIL POTTER
EX DIRECTOR DE BSTUDlOS DEL lNSnnJTO BRITNICO EN MADRID Y BARCELONA
LICENCIADO DE lAS tmlVERSIDADES DE OXFORD y DE PAroS
INGLS PARA
ESPAOLES
CURSO ELEMENTAL
PRl.OGO DE
WALTER STARKIE
EDITORIAL JUVENTUD, S. A.
PROVENZA,IOI-BARCELONA
Reservados todos los derechos. Esta obra no puede ser reproducida
ni registrada total o parcialmente por ningn sistema (fotomecnico,
electrnico o cualquier otro) sin la autorizacin expresa, previa
y por escrito del editor.
BASIL POTIER
EDITORIAL JUVENTUD, SA
Provenca, 101 - 08029 Barcelona
info@editorialjuventud.es
www.editorialjuventud.es
Cuadragsimo quinta edicin, 2007
ISBN 978-84-261-0927-9
Depsito legal: B: 2.167-2007
Nm. de edicin de E. 1.: 12.187
Impreso en Espaa e Printed in Spain
Vallestec, el. Lisboa, 8 - Barbera del Valles
PRLOGO
Walter Starkie
Representante del Consejo Britnico en Espaa
6
INTRODUCCIN
La pronunciacin inglesa
La pronunciacin inglesa difiere mucho de su ortografa,
que es bastante complicada y, al parecer, caprichosa. Para faci-
litar el estudio de la pronunciacin y para que el estudiante
pueda interpretar esta ortografa complicada, se emplean en
este libro los signos fonticos internacionales, simplificados,
para representar los sonidos del ingls. Y como las vocales son
las que ms difieren entre ortografa y pronunciacin, hemos
clasificado las palabras inglesas en los vocabularios segn el
sonido de la vocal. Adems, los estudiantes suelen encontrar
gran dificultad en la acentuacin de las palabras inglesas. Por
eso en los vocabularios ponemos el acento tnico sobre la vocal
acentuada de cada palabra. Hay que entender que el acento
tnico no se escribe nunca en ingls, como ya se ve en los
ejercicios.
Signos fonticos
A. Sonidos vocales
1: aproximadamente la i castellana en castillo, vida, dice,
pero en ingls se pronuncia an ms cerrada y ms tensa.
1 breve, se pronuncia bajando un poco la parte anterior de la
lengua, dada la posicin para i., espirando mucho ms lige-
ramente. Vocal intermedia entre i: y e.
Es de suma importancia distinguir bien entre la i:
(larga) y la i (breve).
8
INGLS PARA ESPAfilOLES
Los diptongos
Existen ocho diptongos en ingls, formados por las siguien-
tes vocales:
ei, al, ou, au, al, Id, ea, ua.
Son fciles de pronunciar si se tiene en cuenta que los dip-
tongos ingleses son todos descendientes, es decir, que la primera
parte se pronuncia con ms nfasis que la segunda:
Ei, Ai, Ou, Au, oi, Id, Ed, Ud.
Muchas veces la r o w despus de vocal no se pronuncian,
formando con la vocal anterior un diptongo. Por ejemplo: here
(hio), town (taun).
10
INGLS PARA ESPAOLES
liJ eiJ
here char
near where
beer there
hear square
idea care
Triptongos
Adems, se forman dos triptongos aadiendo la vocal (J
aa aua
fre flower
tired tower
our
B. Los sonidos consonantes
Las letras p, t, m, n, t. 1, se pronuncian como las correspon-
, dientes castellanas. La consonante doble en ingls se pronuncia
siempre igual que la consonante simple, con excepcin de la ce
delante de i o e.
El signo b representa un sonido parecido al de la b castellana
en posicin inicial absoluta despus de pausa o en contacto
con nasal interior dentro de una palabra, por ejemplo, en
buenos das), arnos, pero en ingls a'n ms explosiva.
De ninguna manera se debe pronunciar la b inglesa como
la b castellana fricativa o rebajada, como se encuentra,
por ejemplo, entre vocales: cubo, sana, etc.
v representa un sonido completamente diferente de la v cas-
tellana. Es la forma sonora de la t, es decir, se articula como
la t. pero con uso de las cuerdas vocales. Los dientes supe-
riores se colocan contra el labio inferior y el aire sale con
gran friccin por los intersticios formados entre ambos rga-
nos. Hay que distinguir bien la b de la v en la pronunciacin.
Ejemplos y ejercicio de lectura
b v
boy very
book of
but have
butter voice
bread visit
beer nver
11
BA5lL POTTER
La ortografa inglesa
-- -- -- -- -_ .
Las combi nacion es de letras se pronu ncian genera lmente
ee 1: -tree
ou au - house
oa ou - road
ea { i: -tea
e -bread
w au - now - brown
sh S - show, fish
ch tS - beach, child
ck k - black
qu kw - square
sch sk - school
th { e- three
('j - that
wh w - where
15
BASIL POTTER
Ejercicio de lectura
Los SALUDOS
Hw do you d?
(hu dju d:) Cmo est usted?
Hw are you?
(hu : ju) Cmo est usted?
Very wlI, thnk you
(veri wl 9IJk ju) Muy bien, gracias.
Good mrning
(gud morning) Buenos das.
Good fternon
(gud a: ftan : n) Buenas tardes (temprano).
Good venng
(gud : vnin) Buenas tardes (tarde).
Good nght
(gud nit) Buenas noches.
Goodbye
(gudbi) Adis (slo al despedirse).
Hull
(halu) Hola, adis.
A: Pregunta: B: Contestacin
Good Morning
Good afternoon
Good evening How are you? Very well, thank you,
Hullo
LESSON ONE
o what.
A nmber, one (wxn). w what, wman, wndow, one.
u book, wman.
U: two. Consonantes mudas
a aman, nmber. w en two (tu:).
a: girl. gh en eight (eit).
Gramtica
El artculo indefinido (un, una) se traduce en ingls por a (d)
Por ejemplo: a page (d peidg): una pgina.
a room (;; rum): una habitacin, sala.
a se cambia en an (en) delante de vocal.
Por ejemplo: an arm (on a: m): un brazo.
an orange (en orindz): una naranja.
Nota. No se debe confundir a, an (artculo) con one (nu-
meral). One equivale a uno solo; a, an, a uno cualquiera.
1 have (tengo) a book. Pero 1 have one orange and two books.
Dictado (cuidado con la ortografa)
A man, a boy, a gir1, atable, an arm, a door, a chair, an
orange, a woman. Number four is a wall.
Completen las frases siguientes:
18
1
Ii
,
\
I JI
,/
I
BAS[[ , POTT ER
LESSON TWO
Pron uncia cin
t: furten.
t pctu re (pikt io), elven, fften, ink, twnty.
e leg, pen, twnty, elven, twelve.
a pple.
a: armo
o range, dog, noto
o: furten.
u room (habitacin, cuarto).
a rm pple, an range, the.
a: thrt en.
et pper, train, ighten.
al nneten.
ea where (donde).
e three, thrten.
15 the.
Dictado
The pen, the ink, the paper. An arm and a lego An apple
and an orange. 15 number fifteen a train? Number twelve is
not a picture: number twelve is a peno
Completen las frases siguientes:
The arm and - lego
The pen and - ink.
- is number eighteen?
Number nineteen is -- armo
Number twenty is - an apple.
The orange - number seventeen.
Cuenten en ingls de uno a veinte y de veinte a uno.
LESSON THREE
Pronunciacin
z: we, he, she.
z in (en, dentro).
e yes (s).
a 1 am, cat (gato).
a: are.
21
BA5lL POTT ER
o on (en, sobre).
o: lso (tambin), floor (suelo, piso), or (o).
A but (pero), nder (debajo de).
u: you.
el they (ellos, ellas), page (pgina).
ai l amo
ou no.
au count (cuenten).
ie: here (aqu), near (cerca de).
ea there (all).
~ they.
Gram tica
Prese nte de indic ativo del verbo "to be" (tu bi:) (ser, estar )
1 am (ai am) (yo) soy, estoy
you are (ju: a: ) (usted) es, est, (t) eres, ests
he is (hi: iz) (l) es, est
she is (Si: iz) (ella) es, est
it is (it iz) (ello) es, est
A. Pregunta: B. Contestacin:
Are you aman? Yes, 1 am a boy
Is she a woman? No, 1 am not a girl
Is he a boy? He is aman
a girl? She is a woman
He is not
She is not
Conversacin
Miren el dibujo de la pgina 19:
What is there in the room? There is a chair in the room.
There is also a table in the room (a man, a picture, etc.).
Where is the ink? It is on the tableo
Where is the orange? It is also on the tableo
Where is the man? He is in the room.
Where is the woman? She is in the chair.
Is there a cat in the room? No, there is not a cat in the
room, but there is a dogo
Is the dog on the table? No, it is not on the table, it is
near the tableo
Is the train on the table or on the floor? The train is on
the floor.
Are you in the picture? No, we are not in the pcture,
but the man, the woman, the boy and the girl are in the
picture on page 19.
Where is the window ? The window is in the wall, etc.
Count: twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty-
four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight,
twenty-nine.
Completen las frases siguientes:
1. The man is -. the room.
2. There - a pen - the tableo
3. She - a woman and - am a boyo
4. We -. here and - are here also, but they - -. here.
5. The dog is -. the tableo
6. The train is -. the floor; it is -. - the tableo
7. Is the boy in - chair? No, - is noto
23
BASIL POTT ER
Tradzcase al espaol:
1 am a boy and you are a gir1. Are you a boy or a girl? 1 am
a girl. We are in the room. They are also in the room. Is she a
boy or a girl? She is a girl. Is he a boy or a girl? He is a boyo
Conjuguen:
Am 1 a boy?
1 am not ama n.
Repaso de las pregu ntas y contestaciones (pregunten y con-
teste n unos a otros entre s).
Cf. pgina 19: Wha t is numb er one? Number one is a chair.
Wha t is numb er two?, etc., hasta veintiuno.
Y despus hagan lo mismo en un orden cualquiera.
Dictado
Are you ama n? Yes, 1 am ama n. - Is she a boy? No,
she is not a boy, she is a girl. -- Are they here? Yes, they
are here and we are here also.
24
INGLS PARA ESPAOLES
LESSON FOUR
Pronunciacin y vocabulario
1: green (verde).
1 this (este -a -O), mny (muchos -as), chldren (nios),
lttle (litcl) (pequeo), thing (cosa), with (con).
a has (tiene), that (se, sa, eso, aqul, aqulla, aquello).
o: tall (grande, alto), short (bajo, pequeo).
A clour (color).
a chldren (nios).
a: prson (persona).
al white (blanco), nice (bonito, agradable), like (como),
child (nio).
au hw mny (cuntos -as), house (casa), brown (color
castao).
e thing.
6 this, with, there, that.
s house, this, nice, persono
z has, legs, arrns.
Gramtica
Verbo "to have", tener o haber
Tercera persona del sin-
l
ella { he
she f has (haz) gular del presente de in-
ello tiene it dicativo.
Plural de los substantivos
Se forma generalmente aadiendo s al singular. La s se
pronuncia generalmente z.
Por ejemplo: a paper, papers.
the boy, the boys.
The man has two legs and two arms,
Irregular: aman, two meno
a woman, two women (wimin).
a child (tSaild), two children (tSildrgn).
El adjetivo
En ingls el adjetivo es invariable. Ola (ould) se traduce
por viejo, vieja, viejos o viejas, segn el caso.
25
BASIL POTT ER
Lectura
In this house there are five men and four women with many
children, but in the room in the picture on page 19 there is one
man, one woman and two children, a boy and a girl. The man
has a paper and the woman has a book. There are four things
on the table, an apple, an orange, a pen and ink. On the wall
there is a picture. There are a chair and a table in the room.
There is also a dog in the room : it is a nice dogo The boy has a
train, but the little girl has noto
Conversacin
How many legs has ama n? A man has two legs. How many
legs has a dog? A dog has four legs, like the dog on page 19.
Wha t colour is the dog on that page l It is brown: it is a brown
dogo Where is the dog? It is near the tableo Wha t colour is the
table? It is brown also. Is the wall also brown? No, the wall is
white: it is a white wall. Wha t colour is the door? The door
is green : it is a green door. The man is tall: he is a tall mano
The girl is short : she is a short girl.
Completen las frases siguientes:
In the picture the man _. a papero The woman - a book.
There ,- four thngs - the table, - pen, _. orange, - apple
and ink. The picture is on - wall. The boy - a tran, but the
little girl - -. Wha t colour is the door? -- is a - door. The
man - tall: - is a - mano He has two - children.
26
INGLES PARA ESPAOLES
27
BASIL POTT ER
Gram tica
From y of
La preposicin from tradu ce de en el senti do de proceden-
cia (desd e):
From the wind ow: Desde la ventana.
De la ventana.
Of tradu ce de en el senti do de posesin:
The door of the room : La puert a de la sala.
28
INGLS PARA ESPAOLES
people
men in the garden
There are dogs here
girls . in the room
flowers there
boys in the house
people
men in the garden?
How many dogs are there here?
girls in the room?
flowers there?
boys in the house?
Lectura
On page 19 there is a picture of a room in a house and there
are a man, a woman, a boy and a girl in that room. Those
people have a dog, a brown dog, and in that picture the dog is
near the tableo That is a round table, but this table in this
room where we are, is square. Here there are many people, men
and women, many chairs and tables, nice pictures and two bg
windows. From these windows we see (vemos) a garden with
nice flowers and trees. The house on page 19 also has a garden,
and in that room of the house there are flowers from the garden
on the tableo Those flowers are very nice.
Conversacin
Are there many people in this room? Yes, there are many
people and also many chairs. What have we? We have books
and pencils and papero What colour is the paper? The paper is
white. How many windows are there? There are two windows.
What is this7 It is a peno What is that7 It is a picture. What is
there in that picture? There is a house with a garden. Is there
29
BA5IL POTIER
a tree in that garde n? Yes, there is. Are there flowers also?
Yes, there are. Are there people also? No, there aren ot. Are
there peopl e in this room ? Yes, there are. Wha t have these
peopl e? They have book s and pencils, Have you a book ? Yes,
we
1 have. Has he a pencil? Yes, he has. Have we a chair ? Yes,
have. Wha t colou r are these book s? They are red. Are those
book s red also? No, they are noto
30
INGLS PARA ESPAOLES
Pronunciacin y vocabulario
z: tea (t), please [por favor, haga (haz) el favor].
z milk (leche), cigartte (cigarrillo, pitillo), prtty (guapa,
bonita).
e bread (pan), said (dijo), when (cuando), friend (amigo -a),
nver (nunca).
a thnk you (gracias).
a: afternon (tarde).
o ta-shop (saln de t).
o: for (para).
ti. btter (mantequilla), cuntry (campo, pas).
el waiter (camarero), cake (pastel).
al time (tiempo), to have a good time (divertirse).
au town (ciudad, villa). now (ahora).
Gramtica
Pretrito de indicativo del verbo "to have"
1 had
you had
he had Haba, tena, hube tuve, etc.
we had
you had
they had
El pretrito de todos los verbos regulares tiene una sola
forma para todas las personas (vase pg. 156).
Ejemplos:
butte r? butte r
bread ? 1 have bread
tea? he has tea
Have you milk? she has rni1k
Has he any cigar ettes? we have cigar ettes
Has she flowers? Yes, they have sorne flowers
Have we book s? book s
Have they apples? No, Not any apple s
Lectu ra
This aftern oon we were in the town with Mr. Brown.
e
Mrs. Brow n was there also. We bad tea in a tea-shop. Hav
r,
you any tea? said (dijo) Mrs. Brown. Yes, said the waite
we have sorne good tea.n Wll you have India n or Chin a tea?
r
China, please, for four people. We also had bread and butte
and 1 had sorne cakes. Ther e was also a wornan with two little
e
child ren in the tea-shop. The child ren had sorne rnilk. Ther
were also rnany men: they were very tallo It was very nice in
the tea-s hop.
Conv ersac in
Will you have sorne tea? No, thank you, 1 had sorne tea
this after noon in the tea-s hop in the town . Have you any cigar-
n,
ettes ? No, 1 had sorne this rnorning when 1 was with Mr. Brow
but now 1 have not any. Well, will you have one? Than k you,
that is very nice. Were you in the coun try when Mr. Brown was
rs
there ? Yes, 1 was. It was very nice. Ther e were rnany flowe
in the garde ns and sorne boys and girls were unde r the trees,
They had a very good time.
Com plete n estas frases:
a) 1 have .~ bread , but 1 have not - butte r.
b) Will you have -. tea? No, thank you,
e) 1 had - tea in the town - Mrs. Brown.
d) -. you in the town also?
e) Yes, 1 - there with a friend, Mr. Smith.
33
BASIL POTTER
LESSON SEVEN
Vocabulario y pronunciacin
1: Pter (Pedro).
i sster (hermana), stting-room (saln), sttng (sentado),
his (su, de l), its (su, de una cosa).
e bed (cama), bdroom (dormitorio), then (entonces).
a fmily (familia), stnding (de pie), hppy (feliz, con-
tento).
a: fther (padre).
o: daughter (hija), yaur [tu, su (de usted, ustedes), vuestro].
A brther (hermano), mther (madre), son (hijo), hs-
band (marido).
u: roof (tejado).
a: her (su, de ella).
ai wife (esposa, mujer), lying (echado, tumbado), pipe (pipa),
my (mi).
ou bone . (hueso).
ea their (su, de ellos, ellas).
aue our (nuestro).
Consonantes mudas
gh en daughter (d i ts).
Se omite en ingls
34
INGLS PARA ESPAOLES
Gramtica
Adjetivo posesivo
1 have my book: mi.
you have your book: tu o su (de usted).
he has his book : su (de l).
she has her book: su (de ella).
ti
it has its roof: su (de una cosa).
a nuestro.
we have our books:
S vuestro, su (de ustedes).
you have your books :
s sus (de ellos, ellas).
l.
they have their boks:
Caso posesivo
L" Se forma con la preposlclOn of (de), como en Espaa
cuando se refiere a cosas:
The door of the room: La puerta de la sala.
2. Cuando se refiere a personas se aade 's al poseedor
0
Peter's
my mother's family
Mr, Brown's sister in the sitting-room
Mary's brother IS in the garden
my father's dog in the house
the boy's book
the grl's
35
BA5fL POTTER
Lectura
On page 19 we have a picture of Mr. and Mrs. Brown and
their family in the sitting-room of their house. The boy is Peter:
he is Mr. Brown's son. The girl is Mary: she is Mr, Brown's
daughter. Mrs. Brown is Mr. Brown's wife and Mr. Brown is
Mrs. Brown's husband. Peter has a train: it is Peter's train.
Mary has a dog: it is her dogo Peter and Mary are Mr. and
Mrs. Brown's children. In the picture there is a window: it is
the window of the room. There is also a door: it is the door
of the room. Mr. Brown is standing near the window. Mrs.
Brown is sitting in a chair. The dog is lying on the floor near
the tableo Mr. Brown's family is a happy family.
Conversacin
Is this your book or my book? lt is not my book and it is
not your book. It is Peter's book. Where is your book, then?
It is on the table in the sitting-room. Is Peter in the sitting-
room? No, he is not in the sitting-room: he is in his bedroom.
He is lying on his bed. But my father and mother are in the
sitting-room. My father is standing near the window with his
paper and his pipe. My mother is sitting in a chair with her
book. Are you standing or sitting? 1 am standing. Is the dog
lying or standing on the floor? It is Iying on the floor.
Dictado
Peter is Mr. Brown's son; Mary is Mr. Brown's daughter.
Peter has a train; it is his train. Mary has a dg ; it is her dogo
Mr. Brown is standing near the window of the room. Mrs. Brown
is sitting in a chair. The dog is lying on the floor near the tableo
Completen las frases siguientes:
a) The boy has a train; it is - train.
b) We have a house; it is - house.
e) The girls have a dog; it is - dogo
d) 1 have a cigarette ;it is - cigarette.
e) You have many books; - are - books.
n The mother has a daughter; she is - daughter.
g) The dog has abone; it is - bone.
h) Peter has a friend; he is - friendo
Traduccin
Esta tarde estoy en casa (at home) con mi familia. Mi her-
mana est en su dormitorio, pero yo estoy con mi madre y mi
padre en el sa16n. Mi madre tiene un libro y est sentada en una
36
INGLS PARA ESPAfiOLES
Gramtica
Presente de indicativo
FORMA CONTINUA: Se emplea para traducir el presente de
indicativo espaol siempre que la accin sea actual, de mo-
mento, no una costumbre. Tambin para traducir la forma
continua espaola (estoy haciendo, etc.).
r- Se forma con el gerundio del verbo y el auxiliar to be.
11 El gerundio se forma aadiendo -ing al infinitivo.
la INFINITIVO: to go. Gerundio: going. Presente: 1 am going.
37
BASIL POTT ER
38
INGLS PARA ESPAOLES
n To go to tea: Ir a tomar el t.
At home: En casa.
m Home: A casa.
Lectura
o Mrs. Brown is sitting in a chair. She is reading a book.
Mr. Brown is standing near the window and is smoking his
pipe and reading his paper. The two children are playing. Peter
is playing with his train and Mary is playing with the dogo
The sun is shining through the window. The train is going
across the floor. In the fire-place the fire isburning brightly.
It is very hot: the fire is giving much heat. But that is nice
because in the garden it is very cold. Now Mr, Brown is look-
ing out of the window. There is a cat in the garden. It is going
across the grass. Now it is going through the trees.
Contesten a las preguntas siguientes:
l. Where is Mrs. Brown sitting?
2. What is Mrs. Brown doing?
3. Who is standing near the window?
4. What is Mr. Brown doing?
5. Where is the train going?
6. What are the children doing?
7. Where is the tire?
8. Is it cold or hot in this room?
9. Who are in the room?
10. What is there in the room?
11. What is there in the garden?
12. What is the cat doing?
39
BA5IL POTTER
Conversacin
What are you doing? 1 am reading my book. What is your
father doing? He is smoking his pipe. What is your little sister
doing? She is playing with her friend in the garden. Is it hot or
cold in the garden today? Today it is hoto Where is the cat ?
It is lying on the grass. When is your mother coming? She is
coming this evening. She is in the town. Why is she in the
town? Because she is going to the cinema this afternoon and
then she s going to tea with her friend, Mrs. Smith.
Traduccin
Hoy Pedro y Mara van al cine con algunos amigos. Pero su
madre no va; ella va a estar toda la tarde en casa. Ahora est
en el saln sentada en una silla cerca de la chimenea porque
hace mucho fro, pero en la chimenea hay un buen fuego. Dentro
del saln no hace fro porque el fuego da mucho calor. Es muy
agradable. La madre de Mara y Pedro est leyendo un libro.
Su marido est fumando su pipa y leyendo el peridico. Pronto
van a venir dos de sus amigos y todos van a tomar t con leche,
pan con mantequilla y algunos pasteles. El perro y el gato estn
tambin en el saln porque en el jardn hace mucho fro. El gato
est echado muy cerca de la chimenea, donde hace calor, y est
muy contento. El perro est yendo a travs del cuarto desde
la puerta a la chimenea. Tiene un hueso y l tambin est muy
contento esta tarde.
Dictado
El trozo de conversacin anterior.
40
INGL S PARA ESPA lVOLE S
LESSON NINE
Voca bular io y pronu nciac in
i: sleep (sueo, dorm ir), to see (ver), to eat (comer).
l very (cada), gneral1y (generalmente), him (l, le),
bsket (cesto), to drink (beber), if (si, condicional),
ngli sh (ingls).
e egg (huevo), very, gneral1y, tnni s (tenis), says (dice).
a: mst er (amo, dueo), bsket, fter (despus de), class
(clase).
o ften (a menudo), a lot (mucho, una gran cantidad).
o: lways (siempre).
,ur A sme times (a veces), does (dxz).
:er a: work (traba jo, traba jar), to learn (aprender).
or al by (al lado de), while (mientras), sme tmes .
t? el day (da), to take (toma r, coger), to muke (hacer, abri-
1S car), to say (decir), late (tarde ).
he au how ver (sin embargo).
I1d
ju: news (noticias).
ai tired (taiod ) (cansado).
t muda en often (fon).
Ntese: 1. La diferencia entre :
su 1 do my exercise.
to do, hacer , ejecu tar:
;t
to make , hacer , crear , fabri car: 1 make a cake.
ue
to dOD se empl ea tamb in como verbo auxiliar.
ro
ay 2. El infinitivo espa ol con la prepo sicin para o
o. sin ella se tradu ce por el infinitivo ingls con too
to Por ejem plo: to see: para ver o ver.
le,
o
3. News se empl ea slo con el verbo en singu lar:
in The news is good,
to
t Gram tica
le
IY Prese nte de indic ativo
FORMA HABITUALD. Se empl ea solam ente para las accio-
al.
nes habit uales , repet idas, etc., y cuan do se habla en gener
1 come vengo 1 do hago
you come vienes you do haces
he come s etc. he does etc.
41
BASIL POTTER
we come we do
you come you do
they come they do
Ntese que en los verbos terminados en -o y en sonido sibi-
lante (s, sh, eh, x) se aade -es, y no -s sola, a la tercera persona.
Para la negacin se emplea el verbo do como auxiliar, con
el infinitivo del verbo principal sin to:
1 do not come no vengo
you do not come no vienes
he does not come etc.
we do not come
you do not come
they do not come
La interrogacin se forma tambin con el verbo auxiliar
uta do: .
Do 1 come? Vengo? Do 1 not come? No vengo?
Do you come? Vienes? Do you not come? No vienes?
Does he come? etc. Does he not come? etc.
Do we come? Do we not come?
Do you come? Do you not come?
Do they come? Do they not come?
Ejemplos
Do you go to school to learn English? No, we all go to the
British Institute, where we have classes in English.
Frases
Every day: Cada da, todos los das.
To go to sleep: Dormirse.
He comes and sees you every day: Viene a verle cada da.
En ingls, despus de un verbo de movimiento, en lugar
de la construccin espaola con infinitivo (viene a verle) se
emplean muy a menudo los dos verbos en la misma persona
unidos por la conjuncin and: He comes and sees you.
In the morning: Por la maana.
In the afternoon: Por la tarde (temprano).
In the evening: Por la tarde.
At night: Por la noche.
To bed: A la cama.
In bed: En cama, en la cama.
42
INGLS PARA ESPAOLES
Peter eats
Mrs. Brown sleeps
Yes, Mary works in the morning
Mr, Brown plays tennis in the afternoon
le Peter's brother smokes in the evening
goes to the cinema at night
has tea
43
BA5IL POTTER
Peter
Mrs. Brown eat
Mary does sleep
Mr. Brown not work in the morning
Peter's brother play tennis in the afternoon
No, smoke in the evening
go to the cinema at night
you have tea
we do
they not
1
Lectura
Every day when Mr Brown comes home from his work he
takes a chair by the fire and reads the paper to see what the
news is. He generally smokes a pipe while he reads and some-
times he goes to sleep if he is very tired. His dog Joey a1ways
comes to see him (a verle) and often sleeps near his master in a
basket. Mrs. Brown makes the tea and then all the family comes
and says Good evening to the father. The children have milk,
bread, butter and sometimes cake. The father and mother have
tea, and Mr. Brown sometimes eats an egg. After tea the child-
ren play in the sitting-room and the father and mother some-
times go to the cinema when the children are in bed. How-
ever, they do not go to bed late, because Mr. Brown has much
work and is very tired in the evening.
Conversacin
Do you go to the cinema every day? No, 1 do not go every
day, but 1 go sometimes. What do you do in the evening after
your work? 1 sometimes go to classes in the evening to 1earn
English. Where are the c1asses? They are in Oxford Street.
Who gives the c1ass? Mr. [enes generaHy gives the c1ass, but
sometimes he does not come, because he goes to the cinema
very much and a1so plays tennis. He is a very big man; he eats
and drinks a 10t, but he does not smoke. He is very nice. Do you
smoke? No, 1 do not smoke. Do you play tennis? Yes, 1 some-
times play tennis in the evening.
44
INGLS PARA ESPAlIOLES
Ejercicios
1. 1
You
go
Mr. [ones gocs
J to the cinema in the morning.
Our friends
We
a) Escojan el verbo adecuado para cada sujeto y re-
pitan la frase en voz alta.
n
b) Repitan el ejercicio precedente poniendo cada frase
en forma negativa.
e) Repitan el ejercicio a) en forma interrogativa.
2. Escriban el prrafo de la pgina 44: Every day... very
tred en primera persona (1).
3. DICTADO. Pgina 44, desde Alter tea ... hasta . .in
the evening.
Traduccin
le Despus de su trabajo, el seor Brown llega a casa muy can-
le sado. Toma el t con su familia al lado del fuego. Come pan con
e mantequilla, pasteles y algunas veces un huevo. Bebe t y la
ys seora Brown bebe t tambin, pero los nios beben leche fra.
a Despus de(l) t, el seor Brown lee el peridico para ver qu
es noticias hay. A menudo el perro duerme cerca de su amo debajo
k, de la mesa. Los nios juegan en el saln. Despus, cuando los
ve nios estn en la cama, el padre y la madre a veces van al cine.
d Sin embargo, no llegan a casa muy tarde, porque el seor Brown
e tiene mucho trabajo.
v.
:h
LESSON TEN
ry Vocabulario y pronunciacin
er
rn z: beach (playa), field (campo), me (me), sea (mar), sasde
~t.
(playa), meat (carne).
ut i him (l, le), it (ello, lo), bring (traer, llevar), dnner
l1a (cena), fish (pescado), mnute (minuto).
ts e them (ellos, ellas, los, las, les), vgetables (verduras,
ou legumbres), wather (tiempo atmosfrico), togther
e (juntos).
a at (a), as (como).
45
BASIL POTTER
Gramtica
Pronombres personales
Nombre Acusativo y dativo
1 me
yau you
he him
she her
it it
we us
you you
they them
1. Despus de una preposicin se usa siempre el acusativo:
with me, from them, etc.
2. Delante del complemento directo se emplea el dativo
sin la preposicin too Despus del complemento directo se
emplea con la preposicin to:
1 see him: Le veo.
1 give him a book: Le doy un libro.
o 1 give a book to him: Le doy un libro.
3. Si hay dos pronombres, el acusativo precede al dativo,
que puede ir con to o sin l:
1 give it to him : Se lo doy.
1 give it him: Se lo doy.
4. El pronombre no se pone nunca delante del verbo,
como en espaol.
46
-~-
...-:.. f:I~O~LE~S
INGL S PARA ESPP}A~ _
ts,
-----=--~--==
TI
IS).
o:
va
se
'0,
10, -- -
BA5IL POTTER
Lectura
AT THE SEASIDE
Here we are at the seaside. There are many people sitting
outside their houses or on the beach or in the fields. Mr. Brown
is sitting in a chair outside his house and is drinking a glass of
beer. Mrs. Brown is sitting by him, but she is not drinking beer:
she does not drink beer. She is having a cup o coffee and is
smoking a cigarette. Near her their friends Mr. and Mrs. Smith
are sitting. Mr. Smith is drinking beer and smoking, but
Mrs. Smith is not smoking: she does not smoke. They are all
four playing cards. However, the children are not playing cards.
They do not play cards. Peter and [ohn, Mr. Smith's sons, are
playing on the beach with a ball, Mary is bathing in the sea,
but Betty, Mr. Smith's daughter, does not bathe, because she
is not very strong, There are other people outside the house
and on the beach. Sorne o them are bathing and sorne are sitting
or lying in the sun. One man is playing with his dogo Two girIs
are going for a walk across the fields for a change. They are
not bathing, because one o them is not very well: she has a
cold. Her friend is taking care of her. At this moment the sun
48
INGLS PARA ESPAfWLES
Conversacin
Ejercicios
Traduccin
Todos los aos, Mr. y Mrs. Brown van a la playa con sus
nios, Peter y Mary. Este ao hace muy buen tiempo y la gen-
te se baa mucho y se sienta en la playa. Esta tarde, Peter y
Mary se baan, mientras su madre est sentada al sol leyendo
un libro. Su marido juega con el perro cerca de ella. Hay mu-
cha gente en la playa porque el tiempo es muy hermoso. Hay
muchos nios: algunos de ellos estn jugando con pelotas, otros
se baan en el mar, otros estn echados al sol. Ahora Mr, y
Mrs. Brown y sus nios van a tomar t y despus, para variar,
van a dar un paseo por los campos. Su perro va con ellos. Gene-
ralmente Betty, la amiga de Mary, va tambin, pero hoy no est
bien, est constipada, y est en cama. Peter y Mary van a
llevarle algunas flores del campo. En este momento hay muchas
flores de todos colores en el campo, los rboles estn muy verdes,
el mar muy azul, el sol muy brillante, y es muy agradable
pasear. Peter y Mary se pasean mucho por la tarde cuando no
hace mucho calor.
LESSON ELEVEN
51
BA511. POTT ER
Por ejem plo: 1 do not want this box; give me the other.
1 know wher e he is.
Algu nas veces tamb in se pued e emplear la forma habitual
en corta s frases conse cutiv as sin conju ncin :
1 go to the statio n, 1 take the train, 1 see my friend, we have
a talk and so we arriv e in London.
Numerales
a) Los nume rales 30, 40, 50, etc., hasta 90, se form an
como
13, 14, etc., con la termi naci n -ty (ti) en vez de oteen (ti: n).
13 thirte en 30 thirty
14 fourt een 40fo rty (i sin u!)
1.5 fifteen 50 fifty
16 sixte en 60 sixty
17 seven teen 70 seven ty
18 eight een 80 eighty
19 ninet een 90 ninet y
20 twen ty
Nte se que los nume rales en -teen tiene n acent o sobre las
dos slabas y los en -ty lo tiene n slo sobre la prim era:
thrt en thrty,
b) Los nume rales desde 21 hasta 29 se form an aad
iendo
uno (one), dos (two), etc., a veint e (twen ty):
twenty-one, twen ty-tw o, twen ty-th ree, etc.
De la mism a mane ra se forman 31, 32, 41, 42, etc.
Frase s
MODI SMOS CON so
1 think so: Creo que s.
1 don't think so: Creo que no.
He says so: l lo dice.
That is so: Es verdad.
( Lo espero.
1 hope so: ( Espero que s.
52
INGLS PARA ESPA"ROL.ES
See
Pregunta: [ohn
hear Peter
Do you Betty
know Mrs. Brown
o Contestacin: his mother
).
like
Yes, 1
Lectura
From this window 1 see the garden and 1 see David, who is
sitting at atable on the grass. He is reading his English book
and learning his lessons. My father is in the room by me, but
when 1 want to talk to David he says: Don't talk to David;
s he is learning his lessons. Take a book and read also. 1 do not
want to read, father. 1 am very tired. 1 am going to bed. Very
welI, go to bed. then. We are not going to bed until late: we are
going to play cards for a change. Bring me the cards: they are in
) your bedroom. And don't eat the cakes in the dining-room.
They are for us. 1 go to rny bedroom and look out of the win-
dow. 1 see many birds in the trees. There are thirty or forty of
them. Then 1 shut the window, as it s cold, and 1 go to bed.
Conversacin
Mother, [ean and 1 are going for a walk across the fields
to the town as it is a nice evening. Come with us. No, 1 am
going to prepare the dinner. Mr. and Mrs. Brown are coming,
so don't be late. If you are going to the town bring me sorne
cheese, but don't bring a lot because we have sorne in the house.
Don't shut the door because 1 am going into the garden now to
bring sorne flowers for the house. Goodbye, have a nice time.
And don't be late. No, mother. Goodbye.
53
BASIL POTTER
Ejercicios
A. Escriban "en forma negativa las frases siguientes:
1. David is coming today.
2. Eat this cake.
3. Come for a walk with me.
4. 1 bathe very often.
5. Take that bus.
6. [ean comes to see me every day in the morning.
7. Mr, Smith gives the class in the evening.
8. Do this exercise after dinner.
9. Mr. Brown does a lot of work at night,
10. Mrs. Brown has a cold.
B. Escriban los numerales desde 30 hasta 40 inclusive.
C. Formen oraciones (con verbo) con las siguientes palabras:
come, picture, nice, leg, eat, people, waiter, town, sittng,
burn, want, see.
Traduccin
Ven aqu, David. Vamos al cine con tus arnigos. No, gra-
cias, no quiero ir al cine porque tengo mucho trabajo. No
trabajes ahora. Pero, no sabes que tengo un examen dentro I
de 30 das en (at) la Universidad? Mira a Juan Lpez: est siem-
pre trabajando. No tiene tiempo para divertirse. LCrees que
vas a aprobar tu examen? Creo que s. Mira, Pablo viene t
hacia tu casa. Hola, Pablo, ven con nosotros 'al cine. Dan
una buena pelcula? Espero que s. LDnde est el cine? I
En Oxford Street. Qu nmero? No s: (el) 46 48, me
parece (yo creo), Muy bien. Adis, David. Adis.
Dictado del trozo de "Lectura" desde:
From this window ... hasta .. .in your bedroom.
LESSON TWELVE
a grrnmar (gramtica).
o tomrrow (maana), shop (tienda).
o: drawer (dro i o) (cajn).
A Lndon (Londres).
u tomrrow.
u: school (escuela), too (demasiado), shoe (zapato).
a: first (primero, primeramente).
u: new (nuevo), nws paper (peridico).
el Spain (Espaa), agin (otra vez), main (principal).
al to buy (comprar), ida (idea), xercise book (cuaderno).
ou clthes (vestidos), home (casa).
au sit down (sintese, sintate, etc.).
Ol noise (ruido).
e~ prents (padres), pair (par).
lS: i~ ida.
19, sk school.
f enough.
d3 fimmy (Jaime), lean (Juana).
'a-
Grammar
~o
ro Futuro de indicativo
n
!le Se forma con el infinito sin to, anteponindole el pronom-
tle bre con shall o will.
m Se emplea shall para las primeras personas (1 we), y uiill
?D para las otras (you, he, she, it, they).
le to be to have to come
1 shall be 1 shall have 1 shall come
you will be you will have you will come
he will be he will have he will come
we shall be we shall have we shall come
you will be you will have you will come
they will be they will have they will come
La negacin not se pone despus de shall o will:
We shall not come.
y ou will not go.
e, La interrogacin se forma poniendo el pronombre a conti-
nuacin de shall o will:
la Shall 1 come? Will you come?
Will he not come? Will they not corae?
55
BAS/L POTTER
Demasiado ]
(
Se traduce too cuando es adverbio, y too much o too many
~
cuando es adjetivo: f
1 am too tired to go. 1
I have too much work (too many cards).
Adems, too se emplea para traducir tambin. e
Preposiciones ]
At y to 1
La preposicin a en espaol, se traduce generalmente en (
vil! rom ther home to the main street of the town, where al! the
shops are. First Jimmy and his father will go to a bg shop,
'07 where they sell many things, to buy paper, pens, penels and
ra- exercse books, whle Jean and her mother will go to a shop
to buy a new dress for [ean. Then they wll go together to
a shoe-shop to buy sorne new pars of shoes for the children.
After that [immy wll meet hs frend, [ohn Smith, outside
the cinema, where they will see a picture together, as they
will not have time to see pictures when they are going to schoo1.
[ean and her parents will meet Mr. and Mrs. Smith and their
daughter Betty at a tea-shop and they will all have tea to-
ny
gether. After tea Jimmy's father, Mr. Lee, will take a train
for London at the station, as he is going to see a friend who
is coming home from Spain this evening.
Conversacin
Will you have sorne bread? No, thank you very mucho
1 have enough. Will you have a cup of tea and a cigarette?
No, thank you, 1 shall not smoke this afternoon, as 1 have a
en cold. Shall we play cards? Yes, that is a good idea. Will you
r : give me the cards; they are in the drawer of the tableo Here
they are. Thank YOU. How shall we play? Shall 1 play wth
Mr. Brown and you play with Mrs. Smith? Yeso Sit down,
will you? Peter, will you and John go and play in the garden?
Here you make too much noise. After tea you will get your
books from the sitting-room and you will learn your lessons.
Ths evening your friends from next door will come and see
you and you will not have time to do your lessons then. Oh,
Peter, will you get me my pencil from my bedroom? Yes, mo-
m ther. Where is t? It is on the little table near my bed. Get
e- me the newspaper from the sitting-room at the same time.
Yes, mother.
Ejercicios
1. Hagan todas las combinaciones posibles con estas palabras:
you
Mrs. Lee
Will
Shall
we
the parents
go
be l at
to
l the station tomorrow?
1
11 Betty
g Il. Contesten a las preguntas siguientes mediante oraciones:
, 1. When will Jimmy and [ean go to sehool again?
s 2. Where are they going today?
57
BASIL POTTER
3.
What are they going to do?
4.
How will they go to the town?
.5.
Where will they buy their new shoes?
6.
Who is [immy's friend?
7.
Will [immy have time to go to the pietures when he is
going to sehool?
8. Where will [ean and her parents meet Mr. and Mrs.
Smith and Betty?
9. What will Mr. Brown do after tea?
10. Who is eoming home from Spain this evening?
III. Traduccin:
Jaime, haz el favor de traerme .mi pluma, que est en el
saln. No tengo tiempo. Voy a la escuela. Ya tengo mis libros
y mis cuadernos y voy a tomar el autobs con Isabel. Ven con
nosotros. Es una buena idea. Vendr Juan tambin? No,
Juan est resfriado y no ir a la escuela hoy. Ir maana. Mam,
vamos a la escuela. Irs a la ciudad esta maana? S, ir con
tu padre. l ir a la estacin a tomar el tren para Londres.
Entonces cmprame unos pasteles, por favor, porque Betty
vendr a tomar el t con nosotros esta tarde al salir (despus)
de la escuela. Muy bien, pero hacis demasiado ruido; vuestro
padre duerme. Id a la escuela. Os comprar pasteles, pero no
har t para vosotros. No tendr tiempo. Voy al cine con nues-
tros amigos, el seor y la seora Smth. Muy bien, yo lo har,
mam. Adis, divrtete. Adis, Juana. Adis, [aime.
,
IV. Dictado. Desde Tomorrow [irnmy and [ean... hasta
{(oo. a new dress for [ean.
LESSON THIRTEEN
Grammar
el
'os Pretrito de indicativo (continuacin de la pg. 31).
on Los verbos regulares (o dbiles) se distinguen de los irre-
To, gulares (o fuertes) en la formacin del pretrito y del participio
i, pasado.
on
Regulares
:ty El pretrito y el participio pasado tienen la misma forma.
is) Se aade -ed al infinitivo (-d cuando el infinitivo termina en e).
ro
110 Pronunciacin de ]a terminacin -ED
.s- 1. Se pronuncia id (aadiendo una slaba a la palabra)
', despus de t o d.
Presente Pretrito .Participio pasado
ta to count (contar) 1 counted (kuntid) counted
to want (desear) 1 wanted (wntid) wanted
a to add (aadir, 1 added (did) added
calcular)
v, Il, Se pronuncia d sola (j sin e!) despus de vocal o de con-
sonante sonora (b, g, v, 5, Z, m, n, 1), r, 1, w, j, d3).
Presente Pretrito Participio pasado
to seern (parecer) 1 seemed (si: md) seemed
to play (jugar) 1 played (pleid) played
to live (vivir) 1 lived (livd) lived
m. Se pronuncia t sola ( i sin e!) despus de consonante
), sorda (p, k, f, e, s, tj, j).
Presente Pretrito Participio pasado
to work (trabajar) 1 worked (W;;: kt) worked
to help (ayudar) 1 helped (helpt) helped
BASIL POTT ER
I
1 coun ted, 1 want ed, 1 lived, 1 work ed, etc., se conju gan l
corno 1 had (pg. 31), con una sola forma para todas las perso nas.
I
e
play cards
Did you arriv e
coun t the book s
Did Peter have a good time
work in the garde n yeste rday?
Did [ean help Mr. Lee
play in the garde n last week ?
Did the girls bathe in the sea
seem tired
want to buy new cloth es
60
INGLS PARA ESPAOLES
play cards
pa- you arrive
count the books
Peter have a good time
work in the garden yesterday
No, [ean did not help Mr. Lee
play in the garden last week
the girls bathe in the sea
seem tired
want to huy new clothes
lar
ou CUADRO DE SUSTITUCIN NM. 16
do
Frmense todas las oraciones posibles
played cards
1 arrived
We counted the books
Peter had a good time
Yes, Jean worked in the garden yesterday
en they helped Mr. Lee
played in the garden last week
bathed in the sea
seemed tired
wanted to huy new clothes
Frases
La frase impersonal castellana me gusta se traduce en ingls
por un verbo personal, 1 like. Entonces el sujeto de la oracin
castellana se pone como complemento directo del verbo to like.
I I
1 like bread: me gusta el pan.
sujeto complemento complemento sujeto
I i
Mr. Browrr lkes tea: a Mr. Brown le gusta el t.
sujeto complemento
It is time to go: Es la hora de irse.
At work: Trabajando (Vase at school),
61
BA5lL POTT ER
f
t
Does Mr. Brown bread?
Do you tea?
Do the girls like English lessons?
Did Betty holidays?
noise? (
Jean?
cakes?
Lectura
Yesterday [imrny and [ean played in the garden with [ohn
and Betty from next door. It was a fine day and they had a
good time. They helped Mr. Lee to cut the grass and they
worked in the garden until it was too cold, Then they all had
tea in the house. After tea the children played cards in the
sitting-room Jimmy counted his cards, but he only had twelve
instead of thirteen, so they added one more. Then they played
until it was time for John and Betty to go home. They have
their dinner early and Mr, Smith does not like it if his children
come home late for dinner. Did you have a good time at
Mr. Lee's house ? asked Mrs, Smith. Yes, we had a very
good time. What did you do ? We played cards. Did you
not help Mr, and Mrs. Lee? Oh yes, we helped Mr. Lee in
the garden and then we had tea. ((Was Mrs. Lee at home ?
No, Mrs. Lee was not at home, she was in the town as she
wanted to buy a lot of new clothes, but she arrived after tea.
62
INGLS PARA ESPAiVOLES
- - - - - - - - - - - - _ . - ' - - - - - - - - - - . . , . - , ,-
Then Mr. Smith arrived and they all had dinner, al have a
letter for you from your friend Mr, Brown, said Mrs. Smith,
It arrived this afternoon. What does he say? The Brown
family is at seaside and the weather is very good, Yesterday
they bathed in the sea. Mr, Brown likes to bathe very much.
The Smith family wanted to go to the seaside also, and, as
Mr. Smith seemed very tired because he had too much work at
his office, they decided to take a holiday and go to the seaside.
Contesten a las siguientes preguntas:
1. Where did Jimmy and [ean play yesterday?
2. Who played with them?
3. Where did they have tea?
4. What did they do after tea?
5,. When did Mrs. Lee arrive home?
6. Who likes to bathe very much?
7. Why did the Smith family decide to take a holiday?
8. Why was Mr. Smith very tired?
9. Do you like to bathe?
10. Did you bathe yesterday?
Construyan estas frases:
1. En la forma interrogativa.
2. En la forma negativa.
a) You wanted to go to the seaside.
b) She bathed in the sea. ,
e) He helped his father in the garden.
d) We worked until tea-time.
n e) They counted the books in the sitting-room.
a f) The old man seemed very tired.
:y g) Your brothers lived in London for three years.
d h) Betty played cards with her friends.
le i) The Smith family decided to go to the seaside.
i) 1 asked him what he wanted.
d
'e
n LESSON FOURTEEN
It
Y Vocabulary and Pronunciation
u
n t mnute (minuto), mid-dy (medioda), mdnight (me-
D
dianoche), a lttle (un poco [de]).
e e rgistered (certificado), end (fin, final), brakfast (des-
D ayuno).
63
BA5l L POTT ER
a bad (malo).
a: past (pasado), half (mitad, medio), hard (duro, difcil, r
fuerte), to pass (pasar).
o dock (reloj), o'clck.
o: qurt er (cuarto), alra dy (an, ya).
A Snday (domingo).
u: noon (medioda).
ai to sign (firmar), time (la hora).
ei to rain (llover).
ou pstm an (carte ro), to pen (abrir).
1
au abu t (alre dedo r de, acerca de).
iC) dear (caro, querido).
1
aue hour (hora).
Cons onan te muda e
1 en half (ha: f),
Gram mar
La palabra "hora"
Ira
ts Se traduce de dos maneras en ingls, segn el sentido:
La a) time, en el sentido de la hora del da.
b) hour, cuando se trata de la unidad de tiempo (= 60
minutos).
Already
:0.
Se traduce por ya, pero slo con la significacin de tiempo.
Ya lo veo no se traduce por already, pero se dice It is already
one o'clock.
s-c. ELEMENTAL 65
BASIL POTIER
l'
Contesten a las preguntas siguientes: r
a) At what time do you have breakfast? f
b) At what time does the postman come? I
I
e) At what time do you go to bed7
d) At what time do you go to work?
e) At what time do the shops shut?
Conversacin
At what time does the postman come, Mary? He comes
about half-past eight generally, but today it is already nine
o'c1ock and he is only at Mr. Armstrong's house. Why is he so
late? Because it is very bad weather. It is raining hard, But he
wi1l soon be here. (A quarter of an hour passes). Here is the
postman, Peter. Open the door and give the letters to your
father. (Peter opens the door.)
The postman: Good morning. There is a registered letter for
Mr Brown. Wi1l you sign here, please ?
(Mr. Brown comes to the door and signs the paper.)
Thank you. Good morning.
Mr. Brown: Good morning. Shut the door, Peter. (To Mrs. I
Brown.) There are two letters for you, my dear.
One is a registered letter from Bristo1. 1 think
it is from your mother. r
Construyan las siguientes oraciones en pasado:
a) It is a fine day,
b) They have their dinner at hal-past seven.
e) He Uves and works in Madrid.
el) She wants a new hato
e) When 1 play cards, 1 count the cards in my hand.
Traduccin
Ayer era domingo, y por la tarde, para variar, el seor Lee
trabaj en el jardn. Le gusta trabajar en el jardn, y como ayer
haca muy buen tiempo, fue muy agradable. Jaime y Juana le
ayudaron un poco, pero a las tres y veinte Juan y Betty llega-
ron para dar un paseo con sus amigos hasta la hora del t.
Mr. Lee trabaj en el jardn con el perro cerca de l, hasta las
cinco menos diez, cuando llegaron los' seores Smith para tomar
el t con l y su esposa. Despus de ver (after seeing) las flores
en el jardn y las manzanas en los rboles, los cuatro tomaron
t en el saln, y a las cinco y media llegaron los nios. Los nios
tomaron el t en el comedor porque cuando estn juntos siempre
66
INGLS PARA ESPAOLES
for
LESSON FIFTEEN
Grammar
Verbos irregulares
Se conjugan como los regulares, pero cambiando la vocal
en el pretrito.
Infinitivo Pretrito Participio pasado
to see 1 saw (so:) seen
to go 1 went gone (gon)
to come (kxm) 1 came (keim) come
to take (teik) 1 took (tuk) taken (teikan)
to do 1 did done (dAn)
to gve 1 gave (gev) given (givon)
to get 1 got got
to sell 1 sold (sould) sold
to buy 1 bought (bo: t) bought
Otros verbos irregulares no cambian la vocal, pero tienen
otra irregularidad: \
to shut (SAt) 1 shut shut
to put (put) 1 put put
to say 1 said (sed) said
to send 1 sent sent
to have 1 had had
to be 1 was been (bi : n)
(" Se conjuga irregularmente, vase pg. 31.)
Preposiciones
Along - a lo largo de, por.
He went along the road to Oxford.
Until- hasta y, como conjuncin, * hasta que (cuando
indica tiempo).
(* En ingls muchas preposiciones se emplean tambin
como conjunciones; por ejemplo: after, befare, etc.)
68
-yor),
INGLS PARA ESPAfWLES
cons- Lectura
o Por
pedir. A VISIT TO THE SHOPS
Soon it will be Christmas and in England Christmas is a
happy time when people give presents to their friends, to their
family and to their relations. About Christmas time the schools
cin: are shut and the boys and girls have holidays. Shops are also
shut on Christmas day and the day after Christmas, -called
Boxing Day. We call this day Boxing Day because servants
come round to the houses to ask for a present which people
put in their box.
Yesterday the Brown family went into the town to buy
Christmas presents. Mrs. Brown went out first to buy a present
for her husband while he was at work. She took the bus at the
end of the street and got out at the Town Hall. She walked
slowly along the High Street looking at the shop windows. She
saw many nice things, especially for children. The toy-shops
were full of toys for boys and girls of all ages, and there were
bright lights and coloured paper and Christmas trees in the
windows. However, Mrs. Brown wanted a present for her
husband, so she continued along the street until she came to a
man's shop, where they sell shirts, socks, ties and other things
for meno There she saw a very nice tie, so she went into the
shop and asked for this tie. As it was not too dear, she bought
it for her husband's Christmas presento
Ejercicios
1. Contesten a las siguientes preguntas mediante oraciones:
a) What do people do in England at Christmas?
b) Who have holidays at Christmas?
c) What do servants do on Boxing Day?
d) Where do people buy toys?
e) Where do people buy ties and shirts?
71
BASIL POTTER
r
h) He continues along the street. r L
i) We come to a man's shop. l P
3.
j) Mrs. Brown wants a present for her husband.
Compongan tres oraciones en ingls segn el esquema st-
Ir
n
1;
e
guiente, poniendo los verbos en pretrito:
ir a la ciudad _. comprar regalos - volver a casa. t
LESSON SIXTEEN
Vocabulary and Pronunciation
1: tacher (profesor), tangerne (mandarina), sweets (ca-
ramelos).
1 fshmonger (pescadero), assstant (dependiente).
e chess (ajedrez), to send (enviar), plasure (placer, gusto),
bell (campana).
a tangerne.
a: banna (pltano).
the o doll (mueca), to cross (atravesar), to cost (costar).
you o: to walk (andar).
.1 es, u: fruit (fruto).
lOS) u btcher (carnicero), pdding (budn, postre ingls).
ips, el bker (panadero), paint (pintura).
Sit ou grcer's (ultramarinos, colmado), alne (solo, solitario).
le. ea pear (peta).
ere ai to try (probar, intentar).
n.
his Grammar
the
lch Formas contradas del verbo
my Como hemos visto para do not, se emplea muy a menudo
ca- en la conversacin la contraccin don't, y de la misma manera
en- did not se convierte en didn't (did nt), y does not en doesn't
19S.
(dxzont).
Cuando se emplean estas formas se dice:
1 don't come, you don't come, he doesn't come, etc.
ed Don't 1 come? Don't you come? Doesn't he come?, etc.
de 1 didn't come, you didn't come, he didn't come, etc.
IS. Didn't 1 come? Didn't you come? Didn't he come?, etc.
73
BASIL POTTER
La edad ]
74
INGL S PARA ESPA lVOLE S
Lectu ra
A VISIT TO THE SHOPS (continued)
y el
We saw in the Iast Iesson that the Brown family went out
to buy Christmas presents. Mrs. Brown went out while
Mr. Brown was at work. She bought him a nice tie, but she did
not buy any presents for the children, as the toy-shops were
two already shut. Today she went into the town agan, but she did
IIdD. not take the bus; she went in Mr. Jones's car to the bridge and
then walked along the High Street. She looke d at the windows
of the toy-shops, but did not Iook at the other shops. She only
wanted to buy toys. At the first toy-shop she did not see any
nice toys, but she went in and there she saw many more. Ther e
were many dolls, trains and other thing s. The man in the shop
sold her a chess set for Peter and a box of paints for Mary.
Mary also went to the town, but she did not go alone as she
is too young. She is only ten years old, She went out with
~ la Mrs. [ones and her daughter, [ean. They went to the butcher's
and bought some meat. Then they saw a fishmonger's, but the
good fish was all sold, so Mrs. Jones did not buy any fish. They
went into the bake r's and bought some bread. The baker said:
Shall 1 send it for you Ma'am (Mad am)? Yes, please, said
Mrs, Jones. Then they crossed the stree t and went into
the
grocer's, where they sell many nice things at Chris tmas. They
bought a Christmas pudding for the Jones family and the
grocer gave some sweets to the two children. They wenf out
of the grocer's and went into the fruit shop next dON, where
they bought apples, pears, bananas, and orang es, They Iooked
at the tangerines, but they were not good, so they did not
)o buy any.
a),
Ejerc icios
do.
l. 1. Contesten a las siguientes preguntas:
a) Wha t did Mrs. Brown do today?
b) How did she go to the town?
e) Wha t did she want to buy?
d) Wha t did she buy for Peter and Mary ?
la). e) Who went with Mary to the town ?
f) How old is Mary?
g) Why didn 't Mrs. Jones buy any fish?
h) Whe re did they buy some bread ?
i) Wha t did the grocer give to the children?
j) Why didn' t they buy some tangerines?
75
BASIL POTTER
Conversacin
AT THE TOBACCONIST'S
Mr. A. Good morning. I want a packet of good cigarettes.
"yes, sir, he re are sorne good ones. How much do they cost?
The packet costs three shillings and there are twenty cigarettes )
in a packet. (( Well, give me four packets, please. Yes, sir;
that will be twelve shillings. Thank you very mucho Good
E
morning, sir. (
Mr. B. I see you have Three Bells tobacco in your win-
dow. Is it good ? They say it is very good, sir. And it is not
dear ; it is only five shillings a (la) box. Then, 1 think 1 shall
try a box, please. Will you give me change for ten shillings?
"yes, sir, with pleasure. Thank you, sir, good mrning.
Traduccin
Mientras el seor Brown estaba en su trabajo, su esposa
sali para comprarle un regalo de Navidad. No tom el autobs;
una amiga la llev en su coche. Entr en tina tienda donde
venden camisas, corbatas y otras cosas para hombres. Mir
muchas corbatas, pero no le gustaron. Pidi otras corbatas al
dependiente. Vio una que le gustaba mucho y la compr.
,,Cunto vale (es) esta corbata? , pregunt al dependiente.
"Tres chelines, dijo ste (l). Despus entr en una tienda de
juguetes a comprar un juguete para un nio. Deseo un juguete
para un nio, por favor. ,,Qu edad tiene ? Tres aos.
76
INGLS PARA ESPAOLES
LESSONS SEVENTEEN
s. Grammar
?
tes Imperfecto o pasado progresivo (o continuo) del verbo
r;
od Se forma como el presente continuo o progresivo que emplea
el verbo auxiliar to be con el gerundio en -ing, pero en este
n-
caso el verbo auxiliar se pone en pasado.
ot Presente: 1 am coming Imperfecto: 1 was coming
111 etc. You were coming
? He was coming
We were coming
You were coming
They were corning
5a La negacin se forma poniendo not despus del verbo auxiliar:
;; 1 was not coming
le You were not coming
' etc.
al
5. La interrogacin-negativa se forma poniendo el pronombre
e. despus del verbo auxiliar:
le Was 1 not coming?
e Were you not coming?
etc.
77
BASIL POTTER
1 was getting up
Peter was washing
we were having breakfast
The milkman carne Mr. Lee was shaving
while Betty was dressing
The postman knocked nobody was m the house
at the door when you were putting on your coat
it was raining
they were preparing the dinner
you were reading the newspaper
Lectura
Peter generally wakes up at seven o'clock in the morning.
He looks at the clock and gets up at seven o'clock if he goes
to school, or at hal-past seven or eight in the holidays. Then
he goes to the bathroom and washes (wo Siz). After that he goes
back to his bedroom and dresses (dresiz). His father also shaves.
This morning when Peter woke up he looked at the clock to
see the time and then looked out of the window. It was raining
hard. He didn't want to get up, but his father called him and
he got up, He went to the bathroom, but his sister was washing
so
INGLS PARA ESPAOLES
and he waited until she carne out. Bis rnother was in the
kitchen; she was preparing the breakfast. Peter looked out of
the window. In the street everybody was corning out of their
houses and going to work. The rnilkrnan was corning down the
street and he was putting* a bottle of rnilk outside each door. At
last Mary carne out of the bathroorn and Peter went in. While
se he was washing, the postrnan knocked at the door and gave
'ly sorne letters to Mrs Brown. Are there any for me? called
Peter. No, there are no letters for you : there is only one for
Mary, said his rnother. Oh, 1 never get any letters, Peter
said. Then he went back to his bedroorn, dressed and went
~n
downstairs to the dining-roorn, where the farnily was already
eating breakfast. There is sorne porridge for breakfast, Peter.
Do you want sorne ? . asked his mother. No, thank you, 1
don't want to eat anything 1 only want to drink sornething.
Will you give me sorne tea, please. Thank YOU.ll So Peter ate
nothing for breakfast, but put on his coat and went to school.
(* Gerundio de to put.)
Ejercicios
. 1. Contstense las preguntas siguientes:
1. At what time does Peter wake up?
2. At what time does he gene rally get up in the holidays ?
3. Where does he wash?
4. Was it raining when he woke up this rnorning?
5. What was his mother doing downstairs?
6. What was the rnilkrnan doing?
t 7. Who carne to the house while Peter was washing?
8. Were there any letters for Peter?
9. What did Pe ter eat for breakfast?
10. What did he put on when he went out?
2. Compltense estas oraciones con la preposicin adecuada:
a) 1 get - at half past seven.
c) She carne - of the room.
, b) He looked - the clock.
"s d) The postrnan knocked - the door,
n e) Peter put - his overcoat,
s f) [ohn waited - his father.
81
6 e ELEMENTAL
BASIL POTTER
Traduccin
82
- INGLS PARA ESPAf\!OLES
----------------------
LESSON EIGHTEEN
Vocabulary and Pronunciation
i: to speak (hablar).
l to vsit (visitar), dish (plato, fuente), vllage (pueblo),
inn (fonda).
e sveral (varios), tent (tienda de campaa).
a camp (campamento), mtches (cerillas), dad (pap), pan
(cazuela).
a: part (parte), to start (empezar).
o to stop (parar), pot (pote).
o: north (norte), fork (tenedor), small (pequeo).
A mug (cubilete), lunch (almuerzo), smmer (verano).
u on foot (a pie), to cook (guisar), wood (madera, lea,
bosque).
u: spoon (cuchara), food (comida, manjares).
a: excrsion (excursin).
en bcycle (bicicleta), dry (seco), fried (frito), kne (cuchi-
110), all rght (muy bien), to light (encender).
au south (sur).
ou tlephone (telfono).
ei plate (plato).
no
ju: bautiful (bello, hermoso), seful (til), dring (du-
les
lo. rante).
a k muda en to know (non) y knife (naif).
as
Grammar
lla
ba Verbos auxiliares defectivos
la
)TI EL VERBO CAN (PODER)
's- Tiene solamente dos formas; el presente can (kan) y el pre-
lY trito could (kud), para todas las personas. La forma del
.r, pretrito se emplea tambin para el condicional (podra).
el
m 1 can 1 could
you can you could
he can he could
we can we could
you Can you could
:e they can they could
Ntese bien la pronunciacin de could (con 1 muda).
83
BASIL POTTER
cook?
Can you speak English?
light a fire?
Can't David come on foot?
buy any bread?
Could [irnrny wait for us?
go to the cinema?
Couldn't Peter's friends fry eggs?
Modificaciones grficas
7. Los verbos terminados en sonido sibilante (s, ss, x, z, sh,
eh, tch) aaden es en vez de s sola a la tercera persona del
presente. As, se aade una slaba al verbo:
1 wash he washes (wojiz)
1 dress he dresses (dresiz)
84
INGLS PARA ESPAOLES
85
BASfL rot i se
b) on foot: a pie.
to go on foot: ir a pie.
on a bicycle en bicicleta.
on bicycles
to ride (raid) a bicycle (bicycles): ir en bicicleta.
just a moment: i un momento!
to go north (south): ir hacia el norte (el sur). (
a little: un poco de.
to sit, sat, sat:
on the 'phone:
sentarse.
telefoneando, al telfono.
r
all right: muy bien, est bien, entendido.
Lectura (
(
In England boys and girls like to go for excursions into the t
country. Sometimes they go on foot or on bicycIes and make a
camp every night where they stop. This summer several friends, e
Peter, [ohn, Jimmy and David, wanted to visit sorne parts of t
the south of England. They did not know this part of England, t
as they all live in the north. They could ride bicycIes and so )
they went on bicycIes. Can you cook? Peter asked David. 1
No, I can't cook very well, but 1 can light a fire with two
matches, a little paper and sorne dry wood. But Jimmy can J
cook very weH. He can make tea or coffee, fried eggs and fried
potatoes, porridge and several other dishes. So they started e
from their homes and went south. Each boy took a knife, a fork
and a spoon, two plates and a mugo David put a small tent on
his bicycIe and [mmy sorne pots and pans. They bought sorne
foodand a bottle of milk. Soon they were in the country. It was (
a beautiful day and they were very happy. At about eleven
o'clock in the morning they carne to a small river and stopped. J
As it was hot, they bathed in the river and sat in the sun. Then
they dressed and wanted to go on, Where is [immy? Oh,
Jimmy always dresses very slowly. Come on, Jimmy, we are
all waiting for YOU." Go on, I'm comng. So they went on t
along the road until they carne to a village with a beautiful old f
church and an old inn, where they had lunch. s
\
Contesten a las preguntas siguientes: \
1. Why did Peter and his friends want to visit the south
of England? 1
2. How did they go south?
3. Can David cook? e
4. What can David do? 1
86
INGLS PARA ESPAOLES
LESSON NINETEEN
Grammar
Perfecto de indicativo
Se forma, como en espaol, con el verbo auxiliar haber
(to have) y el participio pasado.
Modificaciones grficas
A. Verbos
1. Se suprime la e final de un verbo al aadir una termi-
nacin que empiece por vocal:
to come coming
2. La y final precedida de consonante cambia en le al
aadir una s o ed (la ieed se cambia en ied):
to try (trai) I tried he tries
Sin embargo, y final precedida de vocal no presenta irre-
gularidades:
to play I played he plays
B. Substantivos
La y final precedida de consonante cambia en le al aadir
la s del plural:
country (pas) countries
army (ejrcito) armies
baby (beb, criatura) babies
90
INGLS PARA ESPAOLES
clown five glasses of beer and we only drank Iour. "No, that's
all right, [ohn drank two glasses. So they started off again and
after about ten minutes [ohn said: "Oh, 1 have left my hat
outside the inn. WilI you wait for me while 1 go back and get it.
Yes, yes, but hurry up r When [ohn carne back, they went on
slowJy because there were many hills in that part. After sorne
time David said: ,,1 have found a small river in a valIey on the
map. There are fields and a wood near the river and 1 think it
is a good place to make the camp tonight. 1 think we can get
there in about three hours, if we dori't go too slowly. At six
o'cJock in the evening they carne to a hill. They went up the
hiJI and on the other side they saw a nice green field and a wood
by a smalJ r iver. They asked aman if they could camp in that
field for the night. The field belonged to him and he said they
could. Each boy started to do one thing. [ohn put up the tent; -.
David made a fire-place with sorne stones and then made a
fire. Peter prepared the food and Jimmy went to fetch wood r,,qb
fa
.-
~,
from the wood and water from the farm. Have you made a ~<11J1!J./{
fire ? Jimmy asked David when he carne back from the farm. ...,-=-
..-=>,.
Yes, and 1 have fried sorne eggs and potatoes and there is sorne
nice hot coffee. Come and have supper.
Contesten a las preguntas siguientes:
1. Who drank all the beer?
2. Where did the boys eat their lunch?
3. Why didn't they go far in the morning?
4. How many glasses of beer did they put down on the
bi1l?
5. What did John say after about ten minutes?
6. What did David find on the map?
7. Where did they camp?
8. What did each boy do?
9. What did they have for supper?
10. Have you ever made a camp?
11. Have you gone to the cinema today?
12. Have you had lunch?
Compltense las frases siguientes con la preposicin adecuada:
a) We started - at eight o'c1ock.
b) At eleven o'c1ock we carne - home.
e) Hurry - , or we shall be late.
d) The waiter put - many things on the bi1l. \
e) Jimmy put - the tent.
f) Jimmy put - his coat.
92
_.__.~~-=-=-----------
INGLS PARA ESPAOLES
at's
and
hat
it. 1)
on
irne
the
~ it
get
SIX
the
iod
~at
ley
lt;
a
od
a
In.
ne
~e
1:
BA5IL POTTER
Traduccin
David descubri no muy lejos de la ciudad Un valle muy
hermoso, donde haba un ro y al lado del ro un prado con un
bosque. Era un sitio muy bueno para un campamento y los
cuatro muchachos fueron all en bicicleta. Cada muchacho :>e y
encarg de (hizo) una cosa. John levant la tienda; David en-
cendiel fuego; Peter prepar la comida, y [immy fue a buscar W
lea yagua. Cuando [imrny regres, dijo: Has preparado la W
cena, Peter? S, he frito unos huevos con patatas y he hecho.
el caf. Sentaos y corned. Despus de la cena, David les pre-
gunt: Habis comido bastante? S,' gracias, contestaron.
Fr
LESSON TWENTY
94 \
INCLi:S PARA ESPAOLES
~sque.
o: hall (sala, vestbulo), George (Jorge), lmost (casi).
Jo. hndred (cien), ncIe (to).
u: whom, whose (de who, quin), roof (tejado).
- al ou phone (telfono).
;ar - ai to invte (invitar).
oz voice (voz).
el name (nombre).
iones au tower (torre).
d3 George (d30: d3).
t muda en listen.
Grammar
Pronombres interrogativos y relativos
INTERROGATIVOS:
Ya hemos aprendido: Who? (Quin? Quines?)
What? (Qu ?), en sentido interrogativo.
muy Who? tiene la forma iohom? en el acusativo:
un Who has come? Quin ha venido?
los Whom have you seen? A quin ha visto usted?
1 se
y la forma whose? en el genitivo:
en-
scar Whose is this hat? De quin es este sombrero?
I la Whose hat have you taken? De quin es el sombrero que
cho, ha cogido usted?
ire- (El substantivo que sigue a uihose se pone sin artculo.)
on. Whom se emplea despus de preposicin:
From whorn did you get this? De quin recibi usted esto?
Who, whom y uihose se emplean slo para personas.
What? se emplea para cosas. Tiene una sola forma:
What has arrived? Qu ha llegado?
What do 1 see? Qu veo?
With what do you make it? Con qu lo hace usted?
u-
RELATIVOS: Who, whom y uihose se emplean tambin como
e- pronombres relativos, para personas:
The boy who carne yesterday was Peter.
i), El chico que vino ayer fue Pedro.
The boy whorn 1 saw in the street has arrived.
El chico a quien vi en la calle ha llegado.
95
BASIL POTTER
Personas Cosas
Pronombres relativos
Singular y plural
Personas Cosas
96 7
INGL S PARA ESPA OLE S
Con las nomb res de las comi das no se pone el artcu lo de-
finid o:
After dinne r : despu s de la cena.
Befar e break fast: antes del desayuno.
to have lunch : toma r el almu erzo, almo rzar.
caso Uso calificativo del subst antiv o
ms En ingls el subst antiv o pued e empl earse como calificativo
de otro subst antiv o.
Much as veces da la idea del sitio de dond e provi ene o donde
est situa do el subst antiv o que le sigue.
Por ejem plo: The village churc h : la iglesia del pueblo.
Coun try peop le: gente del camp o
Frase s
Com o To have a good time, se dice tamb in:
- To have a good day l '
(after noon , etc.) j pasar un buen da, etc.
? toma r una copita, bebe r algo.
To have a drink :
? por la radio, por radio.
On the radio :
? el sbad o (y as para todos los das
) On Satur day:
de la semana).
Como It is hot (cold, etc.) se dice:
It is dark : est oscuro, es de noche.
For a long time {Dur ante much o tiemp o.
1Desd e hace mucho tiempo.
The next morn ing: la maa na siguiente.
pero Next week : la sema na que viene.
to listen to (Usen tu): escuchar.
I listen to the radio.
I listen to my fathe r.
97
7 C. ELEME NTAL
BA5IL POTT ER
Reading
After supper the boys washed the dishes and plates and
.
made the camp clean. Then they went for a walk to a village
which was near and whose old houses were very well known.
On the way they met the man to whom the fie1d in which they
were camping belonged. He asked them if they were having
a good time and they said. Yes, we have had a very good day.
He then invited them to go to the village inn with him and
(
have a drink, So they went to a nice old inn which was in the
main stree t of the village. Wha t will you drink ? he asked
the boys, Beer, thank you very much, they all answered.
While they were drinking their beer they listen ed to the news
on the radio which there was in the inn. All the coun try people,
who were farrners, want ed to know what the weather was going
to be. They wanted dry weat her and a 10t of sun because on the
farms the fields were too wet. It had (haba) rained very mucho
The boys said goodbye to the farmers, who stayed in the nn,
and went on to see the old houses, which were built of stone, as
there is a lot of stone in the part of England which they were
visiting. They went back to their camp across the fie1ds and
throu gh the woods and when they carne to the tent it was a1most
dark. They could not find any matches for a long time, but
Peter saw that the fire was still burning and so they were able
to go to bed with a candle. The field in which they were camp-
ing was a very hard bed, but as they were tired they went
to sleep at once and slept well. The next morning they woke
up ear1y and had break fast and starte d off agan for the se-
cond day of their excursion.
Cont esten a las pregu ntas siguientes:
1. Wha t did the boys do after supper?
2. Why was the village well known?
3. Whom dd they meet on the way to the vilIage?
4. To whom did the field belong?
5. Where did they go in the village with the man?
6. Wha t did they do while they drank their beer?
7. Wha t did the coun try peop1e want to know?
8. How did the boys go back to their camp?
9. Did they sleep well?
10. Wha t did they do the next morning?
Unan estas dos frases por medio de un pronombre relativo:
a) The man is old - the field belongs to him,
b) We saw a churc h - it was beautiful.
98
INGLS PARA ESPAOLES
99
BA5IL POTTER
Conversacin
El to Jorge invita a sus sobrinos a pasar el da en su casa
de campo. Los sobrinos aceptan.
(Ejercicio que se puede hacer en voz alta o por escrito.)
100
INGLS PARA ESPA"fVOLES
Ntese tambin:
child (nio) children
101
BA51l. POTTER
e)
My trousers are dirty (sucia).
Clotli (klo): pao, trapo, tiene dos plurales segn el
,
sentido:
cloths (klos): paos, trapos, tejidos (sin confeccionar).
clothes (klouz): ropa, vestidos (confecciones).
Otro se traduce por other C\l'5;), pero en singular se usa
siempre con artculo:
The other man: el otro hombre.
Con el artculo indefinido se contrae, formando una sola
palabra, another (;nA1'5;):
Another man: otro hombre.
e
En plural se emplea como otros (as) en espaol:
Other men: otros hombres. ,
Other women: otras mujeres.
I
Uso calificativo del substantivo (cont.)
1. Se emplea el substantivo como calificativo delante de ((
102
INGL S PARA ESPA OLE S
-
srn- A veces se escriben en una palabra.
Por ejemplo: A bathroom.
A bedroom.
Frases
By train : en tren.
By bus: en autobs.
By plane } por avin.
By air j
Verbos compuestos
el dar.
To give:
To give up: entregar.
To make : hacer.
To make into: convertir en.
rsa
El verbo "to look"
Ya hemos aprendido to look at (mirar):
ila He looks at the hous e: Mira la casa.
Tambin se emplea to look como verbo neutro o intransitivo
en el sentido de parecer:
He looks sad: Parece triste.
He looks happy: Parece feliz.
Did David
their friends arrive at the seaside by train?
10.3
I
BASIL. POTTER
Readng
ARRIVING IN ENGLAND
Mr. and Mrs. Lee left Spain this morning by air for En-
gland. The plane started from Barajas at nine o'clock. There
were several officials from the British Embassy in Madrid with (
their wives who were going to England for a holiday. They
crossed . over land and sea until they carne to the white cliffs
of the English coast and they arrived near London at about
four o'clock in the afternoon. When they got out of the plane
they gave up their tickets to an official of the aerodrome and
went to the passport office.. Another official looked at their
passports and then they went to find their luggage, They called
a porter who took the luggage to the customs, where another
official asked them to open their cases. Have you any wine,
tobacco or silk? he asked thern. No, we have only our clothes
and sorne books and one or two presents from Spain for our
friends in England. D Can 1 see the presents, please 7 D Yes,
here are sorne silk handkerchiefs and sorne yards of different
cloths from Andalucia to make into blankets or table-cloths.
That's all right, said the official and he put a mark on the
cases with a piece of chalk. Then the porter took the luggage
to a bus which was waiting to take them to the centre of London.
On the way they saw many of the little houses with small
gardens of the suburbs of London. Sorne streets had houses
which were all the same, and, as there were no leaves on the
trees because it was winter, they looked rather sad. However,
they passed several open spaces where the grass was very
green and looked fresh and beautiful. Soon they arrived at
Hyde Park, where the bus stopped and they got out.
Contesten a las preguntas siguientes:
l. How did Mr. and Mrs. Lee go to England 7
2. Who went with them in the plane?
3. What part of England did they see first 7
4. What did they do when they got out of the plane?
.5. What was there in their cases?
6. How did they get to the centre of London?
7. What did they see on the way?
8. Where did they get out of the bus?
Completen las frases siguientes con preposiciones:
a) They gave - their tickets - an official.
b) They got - of the planeo
104
INGL.ES PARA ESPAOLES
-
e) She made the cloth - a table-cloth.
d) We arrived - England - planeo
e) The plane started - Barajas.
En f) You arrived late - the hotel.
lere
vith Construyan las frases siguientes en plural:
hey
litis a) He has a knife, a fork and a spoon.
out b) The tree has not one leaf on it.
ane e) Give me a cloth to clean the tableo
lnd d) He carne with his wife.
rer e) The man has abad tooth.
led
,
f) The farmer's wife bought a sheep.
ler g) This house has a red roof.
oe, h) That woman has no handkerchief.
les t) The doctor looked at the boy's foot.
mr j) There is a white cliff near Dover.
es,
.nt Hagan preguntas adecuadas para las siguientes contestaciones
5.
he a) Very well, thank you.
ge b) We carne by planeo
n. e) They arrived at four o'clock in the afternoon.
III d) 1 have only clothes and books.
es e) Yes, it is very hot in this room.
le
r, Construyan las frases siguientes en pretrito:
'Y a) The boy is wearing a new coat.
lt b) The boy wears the same coat every day.
e) 1 wake up at seven o'clock,
d) He waits for his father at the station.
e) Mary puts on a different hat every day.
f) Peter gets up at half-past seven.
g) The postman knocks at the door at about eight o'clock.
h) A porter takes the luggage to the bus.
i) The miIkman comes in the morning.
j) My sister often buys the food.
Traduccin
Esta tarde mis padres llegaron en tren a Barcelona viniendo
de Madrid. Yo estaba en la estacin cuando bajaron del tren.
Luego entregaron sus billetes y tomamos una taxi para ir a casa.
Despus del viaje mi padre pareca muy cansado. No le gusta
venir en tren. Siempre viene por avin si puede, pero esta vez
105
BASIL POTTER
LESSON TWENTY-TWO
Consonante muda
p en (recept (risi: t).
Grammar
Los numerales
O nought
1 one first 5 five fifth
2 two second 6 six sixth
3 three third 7 seven seventh
4 four fourth 8 eight eighth
106
INGLS PARA ESPAOLES
ier- Cardinales
Las unidades siguen a las decenas sin conjuncin, pero gene-
ralmente estn unidas con un guin:
23 twenty-three, 34 thirty-four, 45 forty-five, etc.
Hundred, thousand y million van precedidos de a o one.
Este ltimo se usa siempre que sea enftico.
Despus de hundred se coloca siempre and en un nmero
compuesto:
101 a hundred and one.
102 a hundred and two.
129 a hundred and twenty-nine,
Thousand slo lleva and cuando le sigue un nmero inferior
a cien:
10,263 ten thousand two hundred and sixty-three,
10,063 ten thousand and sixty-three,
19,004 nineteen thousand and four.
107
BASIL POTTER
Ordinales
Los ordinales se forman aadiendo la terminacin -th (8)
a los cardinales.
Los tres primeros son irregulares:
[irst, second, third,
Five y twelve cambian la ve en i. iiith, tuielith,
Eight, terminando en t, aade h sola: eighth,
Nine suprime la e final al aadir th: ninth.
La y final de las decenas cambia en ie delante de -th:
tioentieth, thirtieth, etc.
Al formar un nmero compuesto, nicamente se modifica
el ltimo:
21 twenty-first
33 thirty-third
77 seventy-seventh
99 ninety-ninth
Se escriben los ordinales en abreviatura poniendo las dos
ltimas letras de la palabra despus del nmero:
21st, 33rd, 77th, 99th.
Se usan los ordinales para sucesin de soberanos. Entonces
se pronuncia el artculo aunque no se escriba y el ordinal se
escribe con mayscula:
George VI: George the Sixth.
Pius XII: Pius the Twelfth.
Reading
LOOK ING FOR LODG INGS
On the plane from Madr id to London Mr. and Mrs. Lee met
a young man from the University of Madr id' who was going
to Eng1and for ayea r to study English education (the system
109
BASIL POTTER
Ejercicios
A. Contesten a las preguntas siguientes:
l. Whom did Mr. Lee meet on the plane?
2. Where was Pedro going to study?
3. Why did he want to spend a rnonth or two in London 7
4. Where did he spend his first night in London?
5. What buses go from Piccadilly to Chelsea 7
6. What was the number of the house in Oakley Street?
7. How much was the room which the landlady showed
to Peter?
8. What was there in the room?
9. How rnuch did Peter pay in advance?
10. What dd the landlady give him?
110
ING L S PA RA ES PA O LE S
LESSON TW EN TY -T HR EE
diatamente).
t: degre (grado), immdiately (inme
ure (temperatura, fie-
e rs tau ran t (restaurante), tmperat
ion (pregunta) lmon
bre), rndicine (medicina), qust
(limn).
Ion? entacin teatral), to un-
a pdntomime (especie de repres , dppetite (apetito) ba d
de rst n d (entender, comprender)
? (malo).
iwed a: dance (baile, danza). doctor).
o song (cancin), dctor (mdico,
o: story (historia, cuento).
/1. to accmpany (acompaar)
111
BASIL POTTER
Grammar
Los numerales (continuacin)
MULTIPLICATIVOS
single (singel): nico, sencillo
double (dxbol): doble
treble (trebol): triple
quadruple (kwdru: pal) : cudruple
once (wxns): una vez
twice (twais): dos veces
three times tres veces
four times cuatro veces
etc.
Mitad y medio se traducen por haZf (plural haZves). Ntense
las construcciones:
a) haU the cake: la mitad del pastel.
half the house: la mitad de la casa.
half the money: la mitad del dinero.
b} half an hour: media hora.
half a day: medio da.
half a minute: medio minuto.
e) a half hour: una media hora.
d) an hour and a half': una hora y media.
Adjetivos indefinidos de cantidad
All: todo, todos.
All se emplea para traducir el pronombre todos, colocndose
entonces despus del pronombre personal o verbo auxiliar, o sea
delante del verbo principal:
We aIl have our hats: todos. tenemos nuestros sombreros.
They have aIl come today: hoy han venido todos.
112
INGLS PARA ESPAOLES
a-c. ELEMENTAL
113
BASIL POTTER
a lot of time?
plenty of money
enough paper?
little bread? Formen las con tes-
Have you a little food? taciones apropiadas.
Have they much luggage?
Has he -
Has [ean many books?
Has [imrny few knives?
a few sheep?
several children?
enough presents?
blankets?
Las fechas
Generalmente el ano se expresa por centenas, incluso des-
pus del ao 1000.
In the year nine hundred and forty-six.
En el ao 946.
In the year seventeen hundred and fifteen.
En el ao 171.5:
Muchas veces se suprimen las dos palabras hundred and:
In the year nine forty-six, seventeen fifteen, etc.
Tambin se dice:
In nine forty-six: in seventeen fifteen, etc.
suprimiendo the year.
Para expresar el da del mes se emplean los nmeros ordi-
nales. La frase va precedida de la preposicin on:
, On the first of [uly,
o On [uly the first.
On Thursday the eighth of October.
114
INGL S PARA ESPAOLES
Verb o
to unde rstan d unde rstoo d unde rstoo d: enten der, comprender.
115
BASlL POTTER
Reading
GOING TO THE THEATRE
Pedro spent Christmas and New Years's Day in London
with his English friends. At the beginning of January he went
with Harry Williams to see a pantomime at the Coliseum
theatre. Pedro now understood plenty of English and spoke F
enough to get on wel1. A pantomime is a representation (or
show) at a theatre, at the end of December and the beginning
of January especially for children. However, many people who
are not children go to see pantomimes also. The story of the
pantomime is always a well-known fairy story, but every year
there are new songs and dances. The show took an hour and
a half, and afterwards Pedro and Harry went to a restaurant
to have a little food. Harry saw several of his friends there and
they all talked about the theatre together. At the end of the
supper Pedro and Harry each paid half the bill. Harry's friends
invited Pedro and Harry to a party on [anuary 19th. Then
they all went home, Pedro took a bus, number 96, which goes (
to Chelsea. 11 Did you have a good time? asked his landlady
when he arrived home, Yes, 1 had a very good time, thank
YOU. 1 liked the pantomime and 1 shall go again once or twice.
It is a very good way to learn a little more English..
Answer these questions:
1. What is a pantomime? 1
2. When do people go to pantomimes?
3. With whom did Pedro go tothe theatre? !
4. To what theatre did he go?
5. Where did Pedro and Harry go after the show? 1
6. Whom did they meet in the restaurant? 1
7. Who paid the bill for the supper? 1
8. How did Pedro get home? ]
9. What did Pedro's landlady say to him when he arrived ]
home?
10. What did Pedro answer her?
Complete the following sentences:
1. Christmas Day is on December -
2. New Year's Day is on - -
3. The -. month of the year is February.
4. - is the fifth month of the year.
5. - - days are there in a week?
6. There are - days in ayear.
116
INGLS PARA ESPAOLES
Translation
LESSON TWENTY-FOUR
Grammar
ay
a El artculo
je
INDEFINIDO (AY AN)
e
n A se emplea: 1, antes de consonante. (Vase Lesson 1.)
la 11, antes de u, eu, cuando se pronuncian ju:
in a useful person (;) ju: sful po : san),
~s a European war (;) iju: rapian wo:).
te
111, antes de 0, cuando se pronuncia Wll.:
'o
lS a one-legged mano
AN se emplea: 1, antes de vocal. (Vase Lesson 1.)
11, antes de h muda:
'. an hour.
o
A (o AN) se emplean, al contrario que en espaol:
)
1, antes de un substantivo que exprese la profesin,
nacionalidad, religin u otra particularidad de la
persona:
He is a Frenchman: Es francs.
He is a doctor, a lawyer, etc.: Es mdico, aboga-
do, etc.
11, antes de hundred (cien) y thousand (mil) en sin-
guIar:
There are a hundred houses in this street,
Hay cien casas en esta calle.
pero There are two hundred houses in this street.
Hay doscientas casas en esta calle.
He gave me a thousand cows,
Me dio mil vacas.
pero He gave me two thousand cows.
Me dio dos mil vacas.
111, para expresar la unidad de tiempo, peso y medida:
Three times a day after food.
Tres veces al da despus de las comidas.
Two shillings a pound,
Dos chelines la libra.
Fourpence a yard.
Cuatro peniques la yarda.
119
BASIL POTTER
le, Frase
Will you come this way: Quiere usted vemr por aqu.
a doctor?
Are you a lawyer? Contstese:
). an EngJishman?
n Is he a Frenchman? Yes, .,."."",.,.".
a Spaniard?
Is your friend a teacher? No, ', ... ".",.,.,
a tailor?
a policeman?
Reading
AT THE TAILOR'S
After a few months in London, Pedro found that his cJothes
were worn out. However, he knew aman who was a tailor in
Sackville Street and he went to order a new suit. The tailor's
was at number 43 Sackville Street. He went there one afternoon
at about half-past four. "Can you show me sorne cloths for
a suit? he asked. Yes, sir, do you want a country suit or a
town suit? ,,1 think 1 need one country suit and two town
suits, or perhaps, instead of the country suit, a sports jacket
with a pullover and a pair of flannel trousers. Here is a useful
cloth, sir, a dark blue tweed with a thin white stripe. As a town
sut, it is formal but not too forrnal. Yes, 1 Jike that very
mucho For the second suit 1 need a brawn cloth. What a fine
cJoth that is l Can 1 buy sorne of that cloth to take back to Spain?
"We do not sell cloth, but 1 think we could show you where you
could buy sorne. About how much does it cost ? About
twenty-one shilJings a yard. That is dear, but as such a cJoth
is impossble to find out of England, 1 shall buy sorne. Now the
sports jacket. Will you show me your cloths for that? "Yes, sir,
how do you like this dark green? Very well, 1 shall have a
sports jacket in ths. Very good, sir, will you come this way
and we shall take your measurements. Are you in a hurry for
your new clothes ? "y es, 1 need them soon. So Pedro ordered
two suits and a sports jacket. As he carne out of the tailor's he
121
BASIL POTTER
Dictation
At the Tailor's desde After a few months ... hasta
(L flannel trousers.
Composition
A visit to the tailor's.i
(Necesitar traje nuevo; ir al sastre; dnde vive, etc.; di-
logo con el sastre; tomar medidas; volver a casa.)
Escribirlo en pasado.
122
INGL S PARA ESPA OLE S
ne Translation
)r, Un da, Pedro fue al sastre para encargar un traje nuevo.
En casa del sastre enco ntr a uno de sus amigos que era mdico
y a otro que era abogado. El prime ro era muy malo como m-
dico, pero el otro, como abogado, era bien conocido. {( i Qu hom-
.
bre ms amab le! , dijo el abogado al mdico, habla ndo de Pedro
{( i. Quie re usted venir por aqu? D, dijo el sastr e a Pedro , que
s.
tena prisa y por eso no poda habla r much o con sus amigo
El sastr e le ense varia s telas y Pedro encarg un traje casta o
? con rayas blancas. Le cost diez libras. Despus de medi a hora
sali Pedro de casa del sastr e y se fue a la Univ ersid ad para
le traba jar un poco. All enco ntr a cierta persona, que era muy
buena, pero muy poco conocida como profesor.
Gram mar
Verb os auxiliares defec tivos
El verbo MUS T (mxs t): deber, tener que, habe r de.
Este verbo tiene una sola forma, que se usa para todas las
o
perso nas del prese nte de indicativo. No tiene infinitivo, pasad
ni otros tiemp os.
1 must : debo, tengo que, he de
you must etc.
he must
we must
you must
they must
123
BA5lL POTIER
Deber de 1
Must traduce tambin el castellano deber de:
It must be good : debe de ser bueno.
He must be upstairs: debe de estar arriba.
To have to no se emplea en este sentido. Por lo tanto, el
pasado de deber de se forma con must y el infinitivo pasado
del verbo siguiente:
Ha debido de irse a casa.
H e must h ave gane h ame Debi de irse a casa.
\
Traduccin del modismo castellano "que" seguido de infinitivo
Las frases como: Tengo mucho que hacer.
Tiene usted algo que leer?, etc.
se traducen en ingls con el infinitivo con to, sin traducir la
palabra que, de la misma manera que en el modismo tengo que
ir (1 have to go):
1 have much to do.
Have you anything to read 7, etc.
124
INGL S PARA ESPA OLE S
de Frase s
Little by little : poco a poco.
Next week : la sema na que viene.
Last week : la semana pasada.
In aH: con todo, en total.
To pay:
Pagar una cosa se dice en ingls to pay for a thing.
Por ejemplo: I have paid for the meat.
He pagado la carne.
el
,o
125
BASIL POTTER
Reading
AT THE OUTFITTER'S
LESSONS TWENTY-SIX
Grammar
El artculo (continuacin)
DEFINIDO
En ingls se omite el artculo definido:
a) Cuando se habla de cosas, personas o abstracciones en
general:
Books are useful: Los libros son tiles.
Taxes are disagreeable: Los impuestos son desagradables. p
Life is difficult: La vida es difcil. n
War is not good: La guerra no es buena.
Pero en sentido determinado se emplea el artculo:
Water is a liquido (General).
El agua es un lquido.
pero The water is hot this evening.
El agua est caliente esta tarde.
128 9-1
INGL S PARA ESPA l'WLE S
e) En las frase s:
Next week, next mont h, next year, next time.
(La sema na que viene, el mes que viene, el ao que
viene, la prxi ma vez.)
129
9C. ELEMENTAL
BASIL POTT ER
Frases
Many happ y retur ns of the day: Much as felicidades.
(frmula que se emplea slo para cumpleaos.)
To be sorry : sentirlo, tener compasin.
Por ejem plo: 1 am sorry : 10 siento.
Sorry: Perdone, dispense usted (slo en senti do de
lo siento),
"Cumplir aos se tradu ce de la misma mane ra que tener
aos.
Por ejem plo: Toda y he is fifteen.
Hoy cumple quince aos.
Verbos irregulares
la
to break (breik) broke (brouk) broken (broukcn) : romper.
at to bring brought (bro: t) brought: traer.
Reading
la
A BIRTHDAY
le. In Spain people generally give presents and have parties
la on a person's Saint's-day. However, in England we generaHy
do this on a person's birthday. Birthdays, like Christmas and
'n, Easter, are days when children have a good time. Today is the
i.) 12th of August and it is Anne's birthday. Anne is Captain
Hardy's daughter and she lives in a big house in Epsom Avenue,
in the south of London. She is fifteen today. She got up early
and carne down to breakfast with her family at hal-past eight.
There were presents waiting for her on her plate and everybody
said: Many happy returns of the day, Anne. She then opened
the parcels and the postman arrived a little later and brought
her sorne letters from her school friends. In the afternoon
Captain and Mrs. Hardy gave a party for all Anne's friends.
( Where is Tommy Long? asked Anne, at the party. Oh, he
can't come, as he has broken his leg and is in bed. Really?
Oh, I am sorry. When did he break his leg? He broke it at
school last week playing football. Tommy Long, whose father,
es. Doctor Long, is an old friend of Captain Hardy, likes football
very mucho He spends all his time playing football and has not
time to learn his lessons well.
Several other friends of Anne carne to the party, however,
and they all had a very good time. Anne wore a nice new dress
de
which her aunt gave her as a birthday presento She did not go
to bed until late and said to her parents: Thank you very
much, I have had a very nice birthday.i
Escriban: "A Birth day hasta " ...his lesson well en pri-
mera perso na, como si Arme conta se ella mism a lo ocurr ido.
Composition
Desc riban en ingls la celeb raci n de un da de santo en
,
Espa a. (La familia, flores, visitas, regalos, paste les, bailes
teatro , cine, etc.)
Translation
Ayer fue el cump leao s de Tomm y. Cump li 19 aos, y sus
sus
padre s, el docto r y la seor a Long, invita ron a much os de
amig os
amig os de la Univ ersid ad a pasar la tarde en su casa. Los
o.
de Tomm y, cuya herm ana es muy guapa, se divir tieron much
da-
Al llegar (cuan do llega ron) dijero n a Tomr ny : "Muc has felici
a
des, y algun os le trajer on regalos. Harr y le trajo una pelot
m
de ftbol, y Tomm y le dijo: "Muc has gracias, Harry . Para
las pelot as de ftbo l son muy tiles porqu e me gusta much simo
l.
este juego. Los domi ngos paso much o tiemp o jugan do al ftbo
de
Desp us toma ron el t junto s y habla ron acerca de ftbo l y
s
la vida de la Univ ersid ad. Ms tarde fuero n al cine y despu
volvi eron a casa.
132
INGL S PARA ESPA fWIE S
LESSON TWENTYSEVEN
Verbos
a) T o run, ran, rlm.
Intransitivo correr:
The boy runs across the field.
Transitivo dirigir (un negocio, etc.)
The man runs a bookshop,
b} To divide:
Se construye con la preposicion inio:
The library is divided into two parts.
Cmo se llama?
134
INGLS PARA ESPAfiOLES
was built
The University was burnt
This bookshop was paid for last year.
This house was painted
The Public Library was opened last week.
The theatre was shut
Reading
THE PUBLIC LIBRARY
i: seat (asiento).
1 bsin ess (negocio), bbey (abada), bild ing (edificio),
histo ry (histo ria), posit ion (posicin), to begn (em-
pezar).
e the rest (lo dems, lo resta nte), dlic ate (delicado).
a bbey, to stand (esta r de pie), such as (tal como).
137
BASIL POTTER
Grammar
Pluscuamperfecto de indicativo
Se forma con el pretrito del verbo haber (1 had, etc.),
aadiendo el participio pasado del verbo que se conjuga:
1 had had haba tenido
you had had etc.
he had had
we had had
you had had
they had had
1 had been haba sido
1 had lived haba vivido
1 had gane haba ido, etc.
La negacin not se coloca despus del verbo auxiliar:
1 had not gane, etc.
Had he not gane?, etc.
138
lNGL S PARA ESPA OLE S
Read ing
AN AFTERNOON IN LOND ON
After Pedro had lived in Lond on a few mont hs and had met
several Engli sh friends, he was invite d to spend the aftern oon
with MI. and Mrs. [ones , sorne people who had come from
in
Wale s to live in Lond on becau se Mr, [ones 's busin ess was
London. Mr. [enes asked Pedr o if he had seen West mins ter
so
Abbe y, but Pedro had never been to West mins ter Abbey,
they decid ed to go there toget her one aftern oon. Pedro called
at the [ones 's at abou t half- past two in the aftern oon and they
ed
all three took a bus to West mins ter Abbey. First, they walk
h
aroun d the outsi de of the abbey, of whic h only the churc
rema ins. Mrs. Jones expla ined to Pedro how the rest of the
abbey had been destr oyed durin g the Refo rmati on in the 16th
centu ry. Pedr o thoug ht that it was a very fine building. They
ns
went insid e and Pedro liked the high roof and delic ate colum
whic h supp orted it, They saw all the tomb s of the great men
of Engli sh histo ry; the poets in one come r, such as Milto n and
Thom as Hard y; the kings of Engla nd, such as Edwa rd the
Conf essor and Henr y VII, whos e tomb is very beau tiful; and
.
great men such as William Pitt and the Duke of Wellington
139
BASIL POTTER
When they had visited the Abbey, they went home to the
[ones's to have sorne tea, and, as Pedro had never been to a
Promenade Concert, they decided to go to one in the evening.
A Promenade Concert is a concert given in. a hall, but there
are only a few seats. The public stands and can walk about
the hall and change position. so it is cal1ed a prornenade
concert. After Mr. Jones had bought three tickets at the book-
ing-office of the Albert Hall, where the concert was being given,
they went in and waited until the concert began,
Answer the following questions:
a) From what country had Mr. and Mrs, [enes come?
b) Why had they come to live in London?
e) What did Mr. Jones ask Pedro?
d) How did they get to Westminster Abbey?
e) What did they do first when they had arrived at the
Abbey?
nWhat did Mrs. [enes explain to Pedro?
g) What did they do after they had visited the Abbey?
h) What is a Promenade Concert?
i) Where was the concert being given?
j) Where did Mr. Jones buy the tickets for the Promenade
Concert?
Complete the following senten ces with propositions:
a) They had come - Wales - live in London,
b) Harry will cal1 - the tailor's at 5 o'clock.
e) Come at about three o'clock -. the afternoon.
d) I want to go -. the outside of the church.
e) It was destroyed - the Reformation.
f) They went - the Abbey.
g) He bought the tickets - the booking-offce.
h) I want to talk to you -. sorne business.
i) This book is written - Mr, Brown.
j) He arrived - the station - six o'clock,
Translation
El mes pasado fui a casa del seor Armstrong a pasar la
tarde. Fue muy interesante. A eso de las tres salimos a visitar
la abada de Westminster, que no est muy lejos de la casa del
seor Armstrong. Yo no haba visitado nunca la abada y me
gust mucho. En el interior se pueden ver las tumbas de mu-
chos grandes hombres de la historia de Inglaterra, pero me
gust ms el exterior. El seor Armstrong me explic que casi
toda la abada haba sido destruida en el siglo diecisis. El edif-
140
INGL ES PARA ESPA OLE S
z lift (ascensor).
a: scarf (bufanda).
o stck ing (media), pck et (bolsillo).
o: store (almacn).
A glove (guante).
u: to suit (sent ar bien, ir bien).
au blouse (blusa).
az price (precio), knd (clase, especie).
e to tlephone (telefonear).
a stam p (sello de correos).
Gram mar
Condicional de indicativo
d,
Se forma como el futuro, subst ituye ndo shall por shoul
y will por woul d:
I shou ld be I shoul d have I shou ld come
you would be you would have you would come
he would be he would have he would come
we shoul d be we should have we shoul d come
141
BA51L. POTI ER
go shopping.
Let's play tennis,
1 want to telephone Jimmy.
We must see a show.
Wou ld you like to go up to the first floor
take an early train.
142
lNGUS PARA ESPAiVOLES
Reading
MRS. ARMSTRONG GOES SHOPPING
Mrs, Armstrong lives in a town not far from London, so
every month she comes to London to go shopping. Last month
her daughter Betty carne down one morning and said to her
mother at breakfast: Mother, 1 should like to go to London
one day. Couldn't we go together and perhaps see a show or a
new film, if there are any good ones? Yes, dear, would you
like to come with me tomorrow? 1 must go shopping and you
need a lot of new clothes too, so we could go shopping together.
That would be very nice. What train shall we take? ((As 1 have
a great deal to do in London, it would be better to take an early
train. There is one at eight twenty-five. In the afternoon you
could go to a film or a show with your friend, Jean Lee~ while
1 visit the Browns. Then we could meet at the station and come
home in time for dinner. The next morning, when they had
finished breakfast, they started off for London and arrived
there at about ten o'clock, First, they went to a big store where
they sell men's and women's clothes. They bought several pairs
of silk stockings, a pair of gloves, and a scarf. Would you like
that nice blouse? Mrs. Armstrong asked her daughter. Oh,
yes 1 should like that very mucho It would look very nice with
my black suit and 1 need a new one. They asked the price of
the blouse and as it was not expensive, Mrs. Armstrong bought
it as a present for her daughter. Now let's go up to the first
floor to look for the new winter dress you need, Betty said to
her mother. So they took the lift up to the first floor, where
they asked to see wool dresses. Mrs. Armstrong tried on se-
veral and decided to buy a black one which suited her very
well and which she could wear with her black winter coat.
Answer the lollowing questions:
1. Where does Mrs. Armstrong live?
2. What does Mrs. Armstrong do every month?
3. Why did Mrs. Armstrong have to go to London?
4. What train did they take?
5. At what time did they arrive in London?
6. What did they buy first?
7: What did Mrs. Armstrong buy as a present for her
daughter7
8. How did they get to the first floor of the store?
9. Would you like to visit London?
10. What would you like to do next Sunday?
143
BASIL POTTER
Conversation
STAMPS
AT THE POST-OFFICE
Translation
144
INGL S PARA ESPA OLE S
LESSON THIR TY
i: esily (fcilmente).
l orginal (original), since (desde).
e neck (cuello), to attn d to (atender).
a shampo (champ).
a: past (por delante de), rchitect (arquitecto), as fr as
(hasta).
o mnument (monumento), top (cima, cumbre, parte su-
perior).
A nderground (el metro), such as (tal como), hirct
(corte de cabello).
ou ago (hace), to grow (crecer), so much (tanto), so that
(de manera que), whle (todo), althugh (aunque).
al to admre (admirar), kndly (amablemente).
ea rrely (raramente), Mayor (Alcalde), hirdresser (pelu-
quero).
ia ear (oreja, odo).
el shave (afeitada).
o: sort (clase, tipo).
k rchitect.
Verbo irregular
to grow (grou) grew (gru: ) grown (groun): crecer.
Frases
the day after tomorrow: pasado maana.
the day befare yesterday: anteayer.
Grammar
Adverbios
Ya hemos aprendido muchos adverbios, como well (bien),
late (tarde), generally (generalmente).
Adems de los adverbios ms corrientes, que son por lo
comn irregulares y se aprenden poco a poco, en los vocabu-
larios, hay adverbios que se derivan de adjetivos, como en cas-
tellano hermosamente de hermoso, etc.
En ingls el adverbio se forma aadiendo -ly al adjetivo
(como en castellano -mente):
bad: malo badly : malamente
beau tiful: hermoso beautifully: hermosamente
( esplndido esplndidamente
ntemente
brigh t 1brillante brigh tly brilla f
145
10 - C. ELEMEN TAl.
BASIL POTTER.
146
INGLS PARA ESPAfWLES
Ago
El adverbio ago se emplea para traducir la palabra hace en
frases como hace dos aos, pero en ingls ago se pone siempre
despus del perodo de tiempo.
Two years ago : Hace dos aos.
Five days ago: Hace cinco das.
Since
Se emplea para traducir desde, pero slo cuando le sigue una
fecha determinada:
Since last Saturday, he has been very i1l (enfermo).
Since 1921.
Since four o'clock, etc.
Desde, o desde hace, con un perodo de tiempo a continua-
cin se traduce por [or:
1 have not seen her for three years.
No la he visto desde hace tres aos.
for a week, for a month, for a long time, etc.
Hasta
I La preposicin hasta se traduce de dos maneras distintas en
ingls:
LESSON THIRTY-ONE
Grammar
Preposiciones
at en, a (sin movimiento).
about alrededor de, acerca de.
around alrededor de.
across a travs de.
150
INGLS PARA ESPAli!OLES
down
'-"lid
over
\\ \~I~, """ .
on
out of
, JI
through
the finish
B between A and e
A B C
D
to at from D among the people
151
BAS/ L POTT ER
152
INGL S PARA ESPA iVOLE S
Reading
THE OBST ACLE RACE
Conversaton
Hullo, [ohn, How are you? 1 have n't seen you for a long
time.
Oh, I'm all right, thank you. Where are you going?
I'm going home. I've just been (acabo de ir) to an exhibition
of Charles Hutc hinso n's paintings. Do you know them?
No.
Then you certainly ought to go. Sha11 we go together one
day? 1 could not stay longer (ms tiempo) today, as' 1 must
go to the doctor's. 1 have an appointment with him in half an
hour. 1 ough t to have gone last week, as 1 had abad pain in my
leg but 1 waite d a little too long, so that now 1 can't walk very
easily.
Then you ough t to take a taxi home. Tomorrow 1'11 ca11
at your house and take you to the exhibition in my car. 1 must
stay at the office until six o'clock, as sorne one is coming to see
me at hal-past fve, but 1 can come for you at abou t a quart er
past six.
Very well, then. I'll see you tomorrow. Goodbye.
Goodbye. D
Tran slatio n
Ayer Peter f ones fue a pasear por los prados con sus amigos
[ohn y David. Salieron de su casa a las nueve de la maana
y antes de las nueve y medi a estaban fuera de la ciudad. Subie-
ron a una colina y en la cumbre se parar on para ver la ciudad
desde una torre que haba all. Subieron a la torre por una es-
calera muy oscu ra y sucia. Despus bajaron y descansaron
debajo de unos rboles. A eso de las doce emprendieron otra vez
la marcha, y el viento les soplaba fuert emen te en la cara. An-
duvieron hasta un bosque cerca de un ro en el valle. Atravesaron
el ro por un puen te y siguieron entre los rboles al otro lado
del ro hasta que llegaron a la granja del seor Robinson, a
quien conocan. Salta ron la cerca que separaba la granja de la
carre tera y llamaron a la puert a del seor Robinson.
155
BASILPOTTER
CONJUGACION DE VERBOS
Verbo To HELP (ayudar) (verbo regular o dbil)
156
INGL S PARA ESPA fWLE S
Voz Pasiva
Infinitivo: to be helped.
Gerundio: being helped.
MODO INDICATIVO
Presente (forma habitual Presente (forma continua)
1 am helped 1 am being helped
you are helped you are being helped
he is helped he is being helped
we are helped we are being helped
you are helped you are being helped
they are helped they are being helped
------ Imperfecto
Pretrito
1 was helped 1 was being helped
you were helped you were being helped
he was helped he was being helped
we were helped we were being helped
you were helped you were being helped
they were helped they were being helped
Perfecto Pluscuampreiecto
1 have been helped 1 had been helped
you have been helped you had been helped
he has been helped he had been helped
we have been helped we had been helped
you have been helped you had been helped
they have been helped they had been helped
Futuro Condicional
1 shall be helped 1 should be helped
you will be helped you would be helped
he will be helped he would be helped
we shall be helped we should be helped
you will be helped you would be helped
they will be helped they would be helped
Imperativo: be helped.
let us be helped,
158
VOCABULARIO
A INGLS-ESPAOL
a, an un, una bad malo
abbey abada baker panadero
about alrededor de, cerca ball pelota
to accornpany acompaar [de banana pltano
aeross a travs de bar barra
act acto barrel barril
to add aadir, sumar basket cesto
admirable admirable to bathe baarse
to admire admirar bathroom cuarto de bao
in advance con anticipacin to be ser, estar
aerodrome aerdromo to be in estar en casa
after despus, despus de beach playa
afternoon tarde beautful hermoso, bello
afterwards despus because porque
again otra vez bed cama
against contra bed, to go to acostarse
age edad bedroom dormitorio
ago hace beer cerveza
almost casi before antes, antes de
all todo to begin comenzar, empezar
alone solo, solitario beginning principio
along a 10 largo de behind atrs, detrs de
already an, ya bell timbre, campana
also tambin to belong pertenecer
although aunque better mejor
always siempre between entre
among entre bicyc1e bicicleta
and y big grande
to answer contestar bill cuenta, nota
any algn bird pjaro
anybody alguien brthday cumpleaos
anything algo black negro
appetite apetito blanket manta
apple manzana blouse blusa
appointment cita, compromiso to blow soplar
April abril bine azul
architect arquitecto bone hueso
army eircito book libro
around alrededor de booking-office taquilla
arrival llegada bookshop librera
to arrive llegar bottle botella
arm brazo box caja
as como boy chico, muchacho
as far as hasta bread fJ!l11
to ask (for) preguntar, pedir breakfast desayuno
assstant dependiente bridge puente
at a, en bright brillante
to attend (to) atender brightly brillantemente
August agosto to brng traer, llevar
aunt ta British britnico
authority autoridad brother hermano
brown color, castao
baby beb, criatura to build edificar, construir
back atrs, detrs building edificio
159
!
to burn arder, quemar comer rincn, esquina
bus autobs to cost costar
business negocio cotton algodn
but pero to count contar
butcher carnicero country pais, campo
butter mantequilla of course desde luego
button botn cow vaca
to buy comprar to crawl arrastrarse
by al lado de, por to cross atravesar
cup taza
cake pastel customs aduana
tocaIl llamar to cut cortar
camp campamento cut corte
candle vela
capital capital dad pap
captain capitn dance baile, danza
cal' coche, automvil to dance bailar
cal'd tarjeta dark oscuro
cards naipes, cartas, tarje. daughter hija
care cuidado [tas day da
case maleta David David
cat gato dear caro, querido
to catch coger, atrapar December diciembre
centre centro to decide decidir
century siglo degree grado
certain cierto delicate delicado
certainly por cierto, desde to destroy destruir
chair silla [luego different diferente, distinto
chaIk tiza, yeso difficult difcil
change cambio dining-room comedor
to change cambiar dinner cena
to chat charlar direction direccin
cheap barato dirty sucio
cheese queso disagreeable desagradable
chess ajedrez dsh plato, fuente
chief jefe, principal distance distancia
child nio, nia district distrito
Christmas Navidad to divide dividir
church iglesia to do hacer
cgarette cigarrillo, pitillo doctor mdico, doctor
cinema cine dog perro
c1ass clase doJl mueca
clean limpio door puerta
to clean limpiar double doble
chff acantilado down abajo
to climb trepar downstairs abajo, escaleras abajo
clock reloj to draw tirar, dibujar
cloth tela drawer cajn
clothes vestidos dress traje, vestido
coast costa to dress vestir(se)
coat abrigo, americana, drink bebida
coffee caf [chaqueta to drink beber
cold fro, resfriado dry seco
colour color due debido
coloured coloreado duly debidamente
coJumn columna during durante
to come venir
eoncert concierto each cada, cada uno
to continue continuar, seguir ear oreja, odo
to cook guisar early temprano
160
easily [cilm ente flowe r flor
East Este food manieres, comida
Baste r Pascua foot pie
[cil footba l! ftbol, pelota de [t-
easy
to eat comer for para, por, ya que [bol
educa tion enseanza fork tened or
egg huevo forma l de vestir
ocho ortni ght quincena
eight cuarenta
eighte en dieciocho for ty
ochen ta four cuatro
eighty catorce
eleven once fourte en
embajada free libre
embas sy un francs
end fin, final Frenc hman
Inglaterra fresh fresco
Engla nd vzernes
Engli sh ingls Frida y
bastante friend amigo
enoug h de, desde
espec ially especialmente from
fruit fruta
Eump ean europeo frer
evenin g tarde to fry
full lleno
ever alguna vez compl etame nte, en-
every cada fully
[teramente
every body todo el mund o juego, partid a
svery thing todo garne
garde n jardn
excur sion excursin gas
exerci se ejercicio gas
gas ring hornillo de gas
exerci se book cuaderno puerta
exhib ton exposicin gate
genera lly generalmente
expen sve caro caballero
to explain explicar gentle man
Georg e Jorge
explo sin explosin obtener, adquirir,
to get
conseguir, llegar
face cara subir a vehculo
hada to get in
fairy
to get out bajar de vehculo
to fall caer(se) levantarse
family familia to get up
girl muchacha, chica
far lejos dar
granja to give
farm vaso, cristal
farme r granjero glass
glove guante
father padre ' ir
Febru ary febrero to go
to go back regresar, volver
to feel sentir, palpar bajar
cerca, valla to go down
fence to go in entrar
to fetch traer, llevar continuar, seguir
pocos to go on
few to go out salir
field campo, prado subir
quinc e to go up
frfteen good bueno
fifty cincu enta adis
descubrir, encon trar good-bye
to find gramm ar gramdtica
fine multa grass hierba, csped
fine bonito green verde
finger dedo the groce r's ultramarinos, col-
to finish acabar, termin ar groun d suelo [mado
fire fuego to grow crecer
fire-p lace chime nea
first primero, primera- corte de cabello
fish pescado, pez [ment e haircu t
hairdr esser peluquero
fishm onger pescadero medio , mitad
five cinco half
hall sala, vestb ulo
flanne l franela mano
floor piso, suelo hand
11 ELEMENTAL 161
handkerchief pauelo just a moment tun momento!
happy feliz, contento
hard duro, difcil, mucho to keep guardar, mantener
hat sombrero kind clase, especie
to have tener, haber kindly amablemente
he l king rey
to hear or kitchen cocina
heat calor knife cuchillo
help ayuda to knock llamar (a la puerta)
to help ayudar to know saber, conocer
her su (de ella)
her e aqu ladder escalera
high alto land tierra
High Street Calle Mayor landlady patrona, duea
hill colina, loma last ltimo
his su (de l) at last por fin
history historia to last durar
holiday vacacin, fiesta late tarde
home casa, hogar later ms tarde
to hope esperar lawyer abogado
hot caliente to lead conducir
hotel hotel leaf hoja
hour hora lO learn aprender
house casa ro leave dejar, partir
how cmo leg pierna, pata
however sin embargo lemon /1.mn
how many cuntos (as) lesson leccin
how much cunto (ta) to let alquilar
hullo hola letter carta
hundred cIen library biblioteca
hurry prisa life vida
to hurry (up) darse prisa lift ascensor
husband marido light luz
to light encender
1 yo like como
idea idea to like gustar
if si liquid liquido
ill enfermo to listen (to) escuchar
immediately inmediatamente little un poco (de)
important importante a little pequeo
impossible imposible ro live vivir
in en, dentro local local
in front of enfrente de, delante lodgings hospedaje, aloja-
ink tinta [de London Londres [miento
inn fonda long largo
instead of en vez de a lot mucho, una gran
interesting interesante to look parecer [cantidad
into en to look after cuidar
to invite invitar to look (at) mirar
it ello luggage equipaje
lunch almuerzo
jacket chaqueta, americana lying echado, tumbado
[anuary enero
Jean Juana main principal
[irnmie Jaime to make hacer, fabricar
[ohn Juan man hombre
journey viaje manager gerente
July julio many muchos (as)
to jump saltar map mapa
Tune junio March marzo
162
mark marca, sea nought cero
market mercado November noviembre
master amo, dueo, maestro now ahora
match cerilla number nmero
May mayo
Mayor alcalde obstacle obstculo
meal comida occasion ocasin
to measure medir October octubre
measurement medida of de
meat carne off fuera, fuera de
medicine medicina office despacho, oficina
to meet encontrar official empleado, funciona-
to mend remendar often a menudo [rio
rnidday medioda oJd viejo
midnight medianoche on sobre, encima de
milk leche once una vez
milkrnan lechero at once en seguida
rnillion milln on to en, sobre (con mo-
minute minuto vimiento)
moment momento one un, uno (numeral)
Monday lunes only slo, solamente
money dinero to open abrir
month mes or o
monument monumento orange naranja
more ms to order ordenar, encargar
morning maana original original
mother madre other otro
mountin montaa ought deber
mouse ratn our nuestro
mouth boca out fuera
to move mover(se) outfitters tienda para hombres
to move (in) trasladarse outside fuera de, el exterior
much muchota over encima
rnug cubilete
my mi packet paquete
page pgina
name nombre pain dolor
nation nacin paint pintura
near cerca, cerca de painting pintura (arte)
neck cuello pair par
to need necesitar pan cazuela
ner red pantomime especie de represen-
never nunca tacin teatral
new nuevo paper papel, peridico
news noticias paree! paquete
newspaper peridico parents padres
next prximo part parte
next door la casa de los vecinos to pass pasar, probar
nice bonito, agradable past pasado, por delante
night noche Paul Pablo [de
nine nueve to pay (for) pagar
nineteen diecinueve pear pera
ninety noventa pen pluma
no no, ningn pencil ldpiz
nobody nadie penny penique
noise ruido people gente
noon medioda perhaps tal vez, quiz
north norte person persona
not no Peter Pedro
nothing nada phone telfono
163
piano pzano registered certificado
picture cuadro, grabado, pe- relation pariente, relacin
piece pedazo, trozo [lcula lo remain quedar, permanece
pipe pipa representatiori representacin
place sitio, lugar rest lo dems, lo restan:
plane avin rest descanso
piate plato to rest descansar
to play [ugar restaurant restaurante
please por favor, haga el fa- to ride montar
pleasure placer, gusto [VOl' de right derecho, justo
plenty mucho, abundancia all righ t muy bien
pocket bolsillo to ring llamar, sonar
poet poeta river ro
paje poste road carretera
guardia roof tejado
policeman habitacin, cuarto
porridge sopa de avena room
porter mozo, portero rope cuerda
position posicin round redondo
possible posible round alrededor de
possibly posiblemente to run correr, dirigir
post correo
postman cartero sad triste
pot pote saint's day santo
patata same mismo, igual
potato
pound libra Saturday sbado
to prepare preparar to say decir
present regalo scarf bufanda
pretty bonito, guapa scene escena
price precio school escuela
probably probablemente scissors tijeras
pronunciation pronunciacin sea mar
proof prueba, evidencia sea-side playa
public pblico seat asiento
pudding budn second segundo
to pull tirar to see ver
pullover jersey to seem parecer
pure puro to sell vender
to push empujar to send enviar, mandar
to put poner, colocar to separate separar
to put down apuntar September septiembre
to put on ponerse (prenda) servant criado, sirviente
to put up levantar, erigir to serve servir
set aparato (de radio)
quadruple cudruple seven siete
quarter cuarto seventeen diecisiete
quickJy rpidamente seventy setenta
quite bastante, completa- severaJ varios
[mente shampoo champ
race carrera shave afeitada
radio radio to shave afeitar(se)
rain lluvia she ella
to rain llover sheep oveja
rareJy raramente shilJing cheln
rather bastante to shine brillar
to read leer shirt camisa
ready listo, preparado shoe zapato
really realmente shop tienda
receipt recibo shop-window escaparate
to recommend recomendar shopping de compras
red rojo, encarnado short corto, bajo
164
I
show representacin stop parada
1 parar
teatral to stop
e to show ensear, mostrar store almacn
i to shut cerrar story historia, cuento
1: street calle
JI
side lado
to sign firmar stripe raya
silk seda strong fuerte
simple sencillo, umco student estudiante
simply sencillamente to study estudiar
since desde suburb suburbio
single nico, sencillo sueh tal
sister hermana sueh as tal como
to sit down sentarse sugar azcar
sitting sentado suit traje
sitting-room saln to suit sentar bien
six seis sumrner verano
sixteen diecisis sun sol
slxty sesenta Sunday domingo
sze medida, tamao supper cena
sleep sueo to support sostener
to sleep dormir sweets caramelos, dulces
sleeve manga to swim nadar
slowly despacio, lentamente system sistema
small pequeo
to smoke fumar table mesa
so por eso, as, tan table-c1oth mantel
so much tanto to take tomar, coger
so that de manera que to take out sacar
sock calcetin tailor sastre
sofa sof to talk hablar, conversar
sorne algn tall alto
somebody alguien tangerine mandarina
something algo tax impuesto
sornetmes a veces taxpayer contribuyente
son hijo tea t
song cancin teaeher profesor
soon pronto tea-shop saln de t
sorry lo siento telephone telfono
to be sorry sentirlo, compadecer to telephone telefonear
sort clase, tipo to tell decir, relatar
soup sopa temperature temperatura
south sur ten diez
spaee espacio tennis tenis
Spain Espaa tent tien~a (de campaa)
to speak hablar thank you gracias
to spend pasar, gastar thanks gracias
spoon cuchara that aquel, ese, que
sports de deporte the el
square cuadrado theatre teatro
stairs escaleras their su (de el/os)
stamp sello de correos then entonces
to stand estar de pie there all
standing de pie there is hay
to start empezar they ellos
to start off partir thin delgado
station estacin thing cosa
to stay quedarse, permane- to think creer, pensar
still todava, an [cer third tercero
stockng media thirteen trece
stone piedra thirty treinta
165
this este waiter camarero
thousand mil waiting-room sala de espera
three tres to wake despertar
throat garganta to wake up despertarse
through por, a travs de Wales Gales
Thursday jueves walk paseo
ticket billete to walk pasear, andar
tie corbata wall pared, muralla
till hasta (tiempo) to want desear
time tiempo, hora, vez war guerra
tired cansado warm caliente, clido
to a to wash lavar(se)
tobacco tabaco water agua
the tobacconist's el estanco way camino, manera
today hoy we nosotros
together juntos weather tiempo (atmosfrico)
tomato tomate to wear llevar puesto
tomb tumba to wear out gastar
tomorrow maana Wednesday mircoles
tonight esta noche week semana
too demasiado, tambin well bien
tooth diente well-known bien conocido
top cima, cumbre, parte wet mojado, hmedo
towards hacia [superior what qu
tower torre when cuando, cundo
town ciudad where donde, dnde
Town Hall Ayuntamiento which que
toy juguete while mientras
train tren whte blanco
treble triple who quien, quin
tree rbol whole todo, entero
trousers pantaln why? por qu?
tweed cheviot wife esposa, mujer
twelve doce to win ganar
twenty veinte wind viento
twice dos veces window ventana
two dos wine vmo
wnning-post meta
uncle to winter invierno
under bajo, debajo de with con
underground metro without sin
to understand entender, compren- woman mujer
universty universidad [der wood madera, lea, bosque
until hasta, hasta que wool lana
up arriba word palabra
upstars arriba work trabajo
up to hasta (lugar) to work trabajar
to use emplear, usar worn out gastado
useful til to write 'escribir
valley valle
vegetable verdura, legumbre yard yarda
very muy year ao
village pueblo, aldea yellow amarillo
vision visin yes s
vsit visita yesterday ayer
10 vsit visitar you usted, ustedes, t,
voice voz young joven [vosotros
a young man un joven
to wai t (for) esperar your su (de usted[esD.
vuestro(s), tu(s)
166
I
B. ESPAOL-INGLS
169
entonces then ftbol [ootbati
to go in i
entrar
between, among Gales Wa/es i
entre
enviar to send ganar to win 1
Prlogo 5
Introduccin 7
La pronunciacin inglesa 8
Signos fonticos .. .. 8
Sonidos vocales .... "" ... 8
Diptongos '" ."" 10
Triptongos "" .... 11
Sonidos consonantes "" ... 11
La ortografa inglesa ."" . ' 15
La acentuacin del ingls ..... 16
Gramtica
1. Numerales hasta 10 ... 18
El artculo indefinido.
2. Numerales hasta 20 ... 20
El artculo definido.
Forma negativa de los verbos auxiliares.
Forma interrogativa de los verbos auxiliares.
3. Presente de indicativo del verbo to be ... 22
There is, There are.
4. Plural de los substantivos 25
El adjetivo.
5. Presente de indicativo de to ha ve 28
Pronombres demostrativos.
Preposiciones [rom y o],
6. Pretrito de indicativo de to hcn:c . 31
There was There ioere.
Sorne y Any.
7. Adjetivo posesivo 35
Caso posesivo.
8. Forma continua del presente de indicativo 37
Pronombres interrogativos.
Preposiciones through y across.
9. Forma "habitual" del presente de indicativo 41
10. Pronombres personales 46
Imperativo del verbo.
11. Imperativo del verbo <Con t.) 51
Presente de indicativo (cont.).
Complemento directo con a.
Numerales (13-90).
12. Futuro de indicativo 55
Demasiado.
Preposiciones at y too
13. Pretrito de indicativo (cont.) "" .... 59
Pronunciacin de la terminacin .ed.
Uso del pretri too
Formas interrogativa y negativa del pretrito pasado.
I like.
14. La hora 64
Alreadu .
175
fNDICE
Javier Boneu
Diccionario eulxico. Para expresarse con estilo y rigor
434 pginas
. Martn y W. Weissmann
Diccionario portuqus-espanhol y espaol-portugus'
524 pginas
ISBN 978-84-261-0927-9
www.editorialjuventudes