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    Short

    notes on webpage programming languages

    What is HTML?
    HTML is a language for describing web pages.

    HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language


    HTML is a markup language
    A markup language is a set of markup tags
    The tags describe document content
    HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text
    HTML documents are also called web pages

    HTML Tags
    HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags

    HTML tags are keywords (tag names) surrounded by angle brackets like
    <html>
    HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
    The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
    The end tag is written like the start tag, with a forward slash before the
    tag name
    Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags

    Syntax for a basic html page:

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <body>
    <h1>My name is ..</h1>
    <p>My first paragraph</p>
    </body>
    </html>

    Example Explained
    The DOCTYPE declaration defines the document type
    The text between <html> and </html> describes the web page
    The text between <body> and </body> is the visible page content
    The text between <h1> and </h1> is displayed as a heading
    The text between <p> and </p> is displayed as a paragraph

    HTML Hyperlinks (Links)


    The HTML <a> tag defines a hyperlink.
    A hyperlink (or link) is a word, group of words, or image that you can
    click on to jump to another document.
    When you move the cursor over a link in a Web page, the arrow will turn
    into a little hand.

    1
    The most important attribute of the <a> element is the href attribute,
    which indicates the link's destination.

    By default, links will appear as follows in all browsers:

    An unvisited link is underlined and blue


    A visited link is underlined and purple
    An active link is underlined and red

    HTML Link Syntax


    The HTML code for a link is simple. It looks like this:
    <a href="url">Link text</a>
    The href attribute specifies the destination of a link.

    Example:
    <a href="http://www.w3schools.com/">Visit W3Schools</a>

    HTML Images - The <img> Tag and the Src


    Attribute
    In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag.
    The <img> tag is empty, which means that it contains attributes only, and has no closing tag.
    To display an image on a page, you need to use the src attribute. Src stands for "source".
    The value of the src attribute is the URL of the image you want to display.
    Syntax for defining an image:
    <img src="url" alt="some_text">
    Example:
    <img src="smiley.gif" alt="Smiley face

    What is CSS?
    CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets
    Styles define how to display HTML elements
    Styles were added to HTML 4.0 to solve a problem
    External Style Sheets can save a lot of work
    External Style Sheets are stored in CSS files

    JavaScript is a Scripting Language


    A scripting language is a lightweight programming language.
    JavaScript is programming code that can be inserted into HTML pages.
    JavaScript code can be executed by all modern web browsers.
    JavaScript is easy to learn.

    What is XML
    XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language.
    XML is designed to transport and store data.
    XML is important to know, and very easy to learn

    Classic ASP - Active Server Pages


    Active Server Pages (ASP), also known as Classic ASP, was introduced in
    1998 as Microsoft's first server side scripting engine.
    ASP is a technology that enables scripts in web pages to be executed by an
    Internet server.
    ASP pages have the file extension .asp, and are normally written in
    VBScript.
    If you want to learn Classic ASP

    ASP.NET
    ASP.NET is a new ASP generation. It is not compatible with Classic ASP,
    but ASP.NET may include Classic ASP.
    ASP.NET pages are compiled, which makes them faster than Classic ASP.
    ASP.NET has better language support, a large set of user controls, XML-
    based components, and integrated user authentication.
    ASP.NET pages have the extension .aspx, and are normally written in VB
    (Visual Basic) or C# (C sharp).
    User controls in ASP.NET can be written in different languages, including
    C++ and Java.

    When a browser requests an ASP.NET file, the ASP.NET engine reads the file, compiles and executes
    the scripts in the file, and returns the result to the browser as plain HTML.

    What is PHP?
    PHP is an acronym for "PHP Hypertext Preprocessor"
    PHP is a widely-used, open source scripting language
    PHP scripts are executed on the server
    PHP costs nothing, it is free to download and use

    What is a PHP File?


    PHP files can contain text, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP code
    PHP code are executed on the server, and the result is returned to the
    browser as plain HTML
    PHP files have extension ".php"

    3
    What Can PHP Do?
    PHP can generate dynamic page content
    PHP can create, open, read, write, and close files on the server
    PHP can collect form data
    PHP can send and receive cookies
    PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database
    PHP can restrict users to access some pages on your website
    PHP can encrypt data

    With PHP you are not limited to output HTML. You can output images, PDF files, and even Flash
    movies. You can also output any text, such as XHTML and XML.

    Why PHP?
    PHP runs on various platforms (Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, etc.)
    PHP is compatible with almost all servers used today (Apache, IIS, etc.)
    PHP supports a wide range of databases
    PHP is free. Download it from the official PHP resource: www.php.net
    PHP is easy to learn and runs efficiently on the server side

    What is SQL?
    SQL stands for Structured Query Language
    SQL lets you access and manipulate databases
    SQL is an ANSI (American National Standards Institute) standard

    What Can SQL do?


    SQL can execute queries against a database
    SQL can retrieve data from a database
    SQL can insert records in a database
    SQL can update records in a database
    SQL can delete records from a database
    SQL can create new databases
    SQL can create new tables in a database
    SQL can create stored procedures in a database
    SQL can create views in a database
    SQL can set permissions on tables, procedures, and views

    SQL is a Standard - BUT....


    Although SQL is an ANSI (American National Standards Institute) standard, there are different
    versions of the SQL language.

    4
    However, to be compliant with the ANSI standard, they all support at least the major commands (such
    as SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, INSERT, WHERE) in a similar manner.

    Note: Most of the SQL database programs also have their own proprietary
    extensions in addition to the SQL standard!

    Using SQL in Your Web Site


    To build a web site that shows data from a database, you will need:

    An RDBMS database program (i.e. MS Access, SQL Server, MySQL)


    To use a server-side scripting language, like PHP or ASP
    To use SQL to get the data you want
    To use HTML / CSS

    RDBMS
    RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System.
    RDBMS is the basis for SQL, and for all modern database systems such as
    MS SQL Server, IBM DB2, Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft Access.
    The data in RDBMS is stored in database objects called tables.
    A table is a collection of related data entries and it consists of columns
    and rows.

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