GE Shreveport

Voltage Regulator Training

Short Course

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September 9, 2014
Overview
Manufacturing
Overview

- Built in 1971
- 200 Acres 600,000 Sq Ft
- 166 Hourly Employees
- 30 Salaried Employees
- Non Union

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Overview Product
Voltage Regulators Offerings Network Transformers
Input: Rating:
Source = 2500 to 34,500 v Three-phase Self-cooled 60 hz
(34,500 rated for Y only)
Oil-immersed RTemp
Output: Silicone
Range (load) = Source volts +/- 10% 55/65C rise 65C rise

Current Rating = 668 amps 300kVA 2500kVA

38-833kVA 3000kVA step only

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Overview
Regulator & Control History

1955 1958 1962

1965 ML-32 Untanking VR-1 1983 VR-1 Untanking

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What is a Voltage Regulator?
A step voltage regulator is a single-phase,
regulating autotransformer with a tapped
series winding that is capable of plus or minus
10% regulation of the line voltage in 32-5/8%
steps.
Series Winding

Line Input Output

Voltage Exciting Voltage
Winding

Input (source=2,500 to 34,500 volts

(34,500 rated for Y only)
Output range (load) = Source Volts +/- 10%
Current Rating = 668 Amperes
Step Size = 5/8 %
KVA Size = 38 to 833
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Quote-to-Order-to-Build
Quotation Process

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Regulator Design
Outline

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Regulator Design
Nameplate

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Regulator Design
0305E100F01

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Regulator Design
0305E100F01

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Regulator Design
0305E100F01

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Regulator Design
0305E100F02

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Regulator Design
0305E100F02

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Regulator Design
0305E100F02

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Construction Practices
Voltage Regulator external features

High voltage Tap changer

bushings position indicator
Pressure relief valve Lightening arrester
mounting studs
Lifting lugs
Untanking
lift point
Pole mount
brackets
Control
Cooling
radiators

Ground lug

Oil sampling valve

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Construction Practices
Voltage Regulator external features

Sealed-Tank Regulator:
A Regulator which has a volume of gas, initially air, above the
insulating liquid that is sealed from atmosphere

Advantage of using Sealed-Tank Regulator:

There is normally no inward nor outward flow of air or moisture
with temperature change, so that oxidation of the insulating
liquid is held at a minimum

As a result, the dielectric strength of the insulating liquid is

maintained at a high value over long period of operations.

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Construction Practices
Voltage Regulator internal features

Position
Indicator

Surge
Suppressor Potential
Transformer

Reactor

Coil

Core

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Construction Practices
Voltage Regulator internal features

POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
The PT steps down the Load-Side line voltage to a usable, accurate
voltage for the control circuitry and provide the voltage for the tap
changing motor

A variation in Load-Side line voltage produces a variation at the secondary

of the Potential Transformer, which feeds the control circuitry

CURRENT TRANSFORMER

The Current Transformer is on the Load bushing inside of the

regulator causes a current, proportional to the Load current to flow
through the R and X of the compensator circuit.

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Construction Practices
Regulator Internal Voltage Surge Suppression

ADVANTAGE OF USING
INTERNAL OVER EXTERNAL
ARRESTORS:

Shipping
Installation
Wildlife causing short across
source and load bushings
Disgruntle hunter
Center tapped and close
proximity to the winding

New Zenox Assembly

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Construction Practices
Regulator Internal Voltage Surge Suppression

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Construction Practices
Reactor

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Construction Practices
Potential Transformer

Low voltage side High voltage side

Secondary taps Primary taps

See nameplate for connections

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Construction Practices
Potential Transformer Type A Regulator

High voltage taps Low voltage taps

System voltage changes
Generally close ratio changers
I.E. 2400, 5000, 7620, 14400 I.E. 7200, 7620, 7960 etc.
SEE NAMEPLATE FOR CONNECTIONS

Inside tank Position

Indicator
J1-6 J3-3 Black NN-20
L J3-4 Red NN-21 NN-8
J1-7

J1-8 J3-5 Orange NN-22

J3-8 J3-8 White 120 Volt

SL
Potential Transformer
Control Power

Potential transformer impedance about 0.75 ohms. I.E., a 1 ampere load

will drop the voltage (120 vac nominal) by about 0.75 vac

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Construction Practices
Control Power Disconnect

NN Tap
Select
Jumper

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Construction Practices
Potential Winding Type B Regulator

Inside tank Position

Indicator
SEE NAMEPLATE FOR CONNECTIONS
L
0.75 ohm
resistor

Main
J1-6 J3-3 NN-20
Winding
Black NN-22 NN-8

J1-7 J3-4 NN-21

Red

J1-10 J3-8 White 120 Volt

SL Control Power
Potential Winding

Impedance of Potential winding is very low. A 0.75 ohm

resistor is added to the NN terminal board to limit short
circuit and provide an impedance similar to the potential
transformer. 25 /
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Construction Practices
Potential Winding Type B Regulator

Resistor in PT circuit

Terminal board
PT select Jumper

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Construction Practices
Regulator winding tap

Tap on series
winding

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Construction Practices
Windings & Reactor

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Construction Practices
Windings & Reactor

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Construction Practices
Windings & Reactor

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Construction Practices
Windings & Reactor

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Construction Practices
Windings & Reactor

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Construction Practices
Windings & Reactor

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Construction Practices
Windings & Reactor

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Construction Practices
Windings & Reactor

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Construction Practices
Windings & Reactor

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Construction Practices
Windings & Reactor

Voltage Regulator

In summary, we tapped a 10% winding in 8 equal parts, giving us 8 steps of 1.25%. The
bridging position between each tap raised the total to 16 steps of 5/8% each. We then will
incorporate a switch which will reverse the Polarity of the series winding. The reversing
switch will allow the Regulator to lower and raise the output voltage in 16 - 5/8% steps in
either direction, covering a range of plus or minus 10% Voltage Regulation.

Step - Voltage Regulator

A Step-Voltage Regulator is basically an autotransformer, capable of raising or lowering

voltage in 32, 5/8 percent steps.

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Construction Practices
Windings & Reactor

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Construction Practices
Windings & Reactor

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Construction Practices
Windings & Reactor

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Construction Practices
Windings & Reactor

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Construction Practices
Windings & Reactor

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Construction Practices
Windings & Reactor

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Construction Practices
Windings & Reactor

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Construction Practices
Complete Regulator Diagram

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Construction Practices
Voltage Regulator Functional Diagram
Current
Tap transformer
High KV High
changer KV
Voltage Voltage
Source Load

Core Potential
& transformer
Coil 120 V Voltage sensing

Control Motor
0.2 A
Current sensing drive
relays

Drive Limit
120 V
motor switches

16 16

Flexible Position
Components inside regulator tank shaft indicator
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September 9, 2014
Applications
Why are voltage regulators needed ?
Medium
High Voltage
Voltage Output = Input +/- 10 %
2.4 kV -
69 kV - 19.9 kV
500kV

R X
Power
Generating
Station

Other
Loads Substation Regulator
Transformer
Load #1 Last
5 % Impedance Load

1. Source voltage changes due to system

2. Load voltage changes due to load changes (cause by system impedance).
3. Need to control the load voltage (such as voltage reduction).

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Applications
Why are Regulators required on a distribution system?
DISTRIBUTION
FEEDER POLE-MOUNTED
TRANSFORMERS
SUB-TRANSMISSION DIST
SUBSTATION SUBSTA 15KV V
R
V
R 15KV V
R
69KV
DISTRIBUTION
FEEDER
DISTRIBUTION
SUBSTA 15KV V
69KV V R 120/240V
GENERATING TO
STATION R 15KV V CONSUMERS
R

DISTRIBUTION
STEP-UP
69KV FEEDER
TRANSFORMER
15KV V
R
V
R 15KV V
- Source Regulation R
DIST
- Load Regulation SUBSTA
- Load Management

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Applications
Regulator Connections

WARNING: Do not use any automatic

circuit opening elements between the
line and the SL bushing, such as:
fuses, cutouts or circuit breakers. This
connection should never be opened
unless the regulator is in the neutral
position. When the connection to the
SL bushing is open, the regulator acts
as a current transformer with an open
circuit secondary. Dangerous voltages
are induced in the series windings if
any load current flows in the series
winding.

NOTE 1
The Voltage Source and Internal-Off-External switches are located on the Circuit Board mounted inside
the Cabinet above the Control Module. Refer to Page 7 and the control instruction book (GEH-7311) for
location of the switches detailed in the placing into service and removing from service procedures.

NOTE 2
By-pass switch A and disconnect switches B C, and D must be suitable for interrupting magnetizing
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Applications
Voltage Regulator Types

TYPE A STEP-VOLTAGE REGULATOR:

Is a Step-Voltage Regulator in which the primary circuit is connected directly

to the shunt winding of the regulator. The series winding is connected to the
shunt winding and, in turn, via taps, to the regulated circuit.

TYPE B STEP-VOLTAGE REGULATOR:

Is a Voltage Regulator in which the primary circuit is connected, via taps to

the series winding of the regulator. The series winding is connected to the
shunt winding , which is connected directly to the regulated circuit.

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Applications
What is the difference between Type A and Type B voltage regulators ?
Type A Source Excited Normal Design Type B Load Excited Inverted Design

Vseries Vseries

S L S 10 T
L
10 T

V in
100 V V
V
load
V in load
100 T 100 T 111 V
110 V 100 V

SL SL

At 16 Lower V load = V in - V series At 16 Lower V load = V in - V series

V load = 100T - 10T = V load = 100T / 110T =
90 % 91 %

At 16 Raise V load = V in + V series At 16 Raise V load = V in + V

series
V load = 100T + 10T =
110 % V load = 100T / 90T =
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Applications
How do I determine what type regulator I have ?

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Applications
How do I determine what type regulator I have ?

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Applications
Installation
From source - S L -To Load

Oil SL - to power
Position
sight return wire.
indicator at
glass
Neutral.

Be sure to
check control INSPECTION
Neutral light.
1. Oil level
2. Potential Tap
3. Neutral position
Indicator
Control
4. Grounding
5. Line connections
Ground
6. External inspection
pad
7. Hi-Pot
8. Megger

Grounding Line Connections

Ground
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Applications
Placing a regulator into service - Step 1

Check Regulator Status

Source Load

A B
Before Placing into Service

1. Check Grounding
2. Check Oil Level S L
3. Check PT taps
4. Check Neutral
5. Motor Power OFF

SL
Neutral

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Applications
Placing a regulator into service - Step 2

Close Source Connect Switch A

Source Load

A B NOTES:
Neutral can be checked.
Regulator can be operated.

S L Must be put back to Neutral.

Must turn motor off.

SL
Neutral
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Applications
Placing a regulator into service - Step 3
Close Load Connect Switch B
Source Load

A B

S L

SL
Neutral

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Applications
Placing a regulator into service - Step 4
Open Bypass Switch
C
Source Load

After opening Bypass

switch C the regulator
A B is ready for service.

Set the control and

S L turn it on.

SL
Neutral

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Applications
Removing a regulator from service - Step 1
Place regulator on Neutral

Source Load

A B
Before Removing From Service

1. Check Neutral
S L 2. Motor Power OFF

SL
Neutral

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Applications
Removing a regulator from service - Step 2
Close Bypass Switch C

Source Load

A B

S L

SL
Neutral

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Applications
Removing a regulator from service - Step 3

Open Load Connect Switch

B
Source Load

A B

S L

SL
Neutral

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Applications
Removing a regulator from service - Step 4
Open Source Connect Switch
A
Source Load

A B

S L

SL
Neutral

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