SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT RADARS 2D/3D GIS P2P MICROWAVE RF PLANNING LT E

FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENT INTERFERENCE ANALYSIS P2MP PROPAGATION MODELS JAMMERS

White Paper
DIRECTION FINDERS WiMAX AERONAUTICAL TETRA HUMAN HAZARDS ITU-R SM.1370

MARITIME PLANNING
COVERAGE AN INDOOR
WINDFARMS WI-FI NETWORK
SKYWAVE CO-ORDINATION PATH PROFILE

COVERAGE SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT RADARS 2D/3D GIS P2P MICROWAVE RF

PLANNING LTE FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENT INTERFERENCE ANALYSIS

SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT RADARS 2D/3D GIS P2P MICROWAVE RF PLANNING LT E

FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENT INTERFERENCE ANALYSIS P2MP PROPAGATION MODELS JAMMERS

DIRECTION FINDERS WiMAX AERONAUTICAL TETRA HUMAN HAZARDS ITU-R SM.1370

MARITIME COVERAGE WINDFARMS SKYWAVE CO-ORDINATION PATH PROFILE COVERAGE

SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT RADARS 2D/3D GIS P2P MICROWAVE RF PLANNING LT E

FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENT INTERFERENCE ANALYSIS P2MP PROPAGATION MODELS JAMMERS

DIRECTION FINDERS WiMAX AERONAUTICAL TETRA HUMAN HAZARDS ITU-R SM.1370

MARITIME COVERAGE WINDFARMS SKYWAVE CO-ORDINATION PATH PROFILE COVERAGE

June 2017
SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT RADARS ChiragGISDadia, MSP2P
2D/3D (EE) MICROWAVE RF PLANNING LT E
Raj Ghelani, B. Tech (Mech.)
FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENT INTERFERENCE ANALYSIS P2MP PROPAGATION MODELS JAMMERS

DIRECTION FINDERS WiMAX AERONAUTICAL TETRA HUMAN HAZARDS ITU-R SM.1370

MARITIME COVERAGE WINDFARMS SKYWAVE CO-ORDINATION PATH PROFILE COVERAGE

SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT RADARS 2D/3D GIS P2P MICROWAVE RF PLANNING LT E

FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENT INTERFERENCE ANALYSIS P2MP PROPAGATION MODELS JAMMERS

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PLANNING AN INDOOR WIFI NETWORK
WHITE PAPER, JUNE 2017

1. SUMMARY
This White Paper describes the processes regarding planning an indoor Wi-Fi network using ATDI
tools. The Indian office of ATDI recently worked on a project for a Telecom Integrator in Oil and Gas
domain, for planning a Wi-Fi network inside an oil refinery in Middle East Asia. This paper discusses
how the Wi-Fi network was planned in the project.

The problem statement was to ensure that there was Wi-Fi coverage in all the floors of various
buildings throughout the refinery. Consequently, it was one of the aims of the project to find out the
number of Access Points which would be required to ensure coverage throughout the campus.

The process involved importing the floor plans given in CAD files into ATDI native formats followed by
clutter definition, attenuation value calculation and finally coverage and related calculations such as
Interference and SNIR maps and finally Frequency Assignment.

2. COMPANY INFORMATION

ATDI was founded in 1991 and has gone through a steady growth over the years specifically due to
the emergence of ground breaking radio technologies. In a world of communications where
numerous radio standards are being deployed and co-exist, ATDI is committed to deliver leading-
edge solutions to manage more and more complex frequency spectrum schemes and plan and
optimize wide radio networks for both civilian and military applications.

ATDI develops, promotes and sells best in class spectrum management and radio planning solutions
for both civilian and military applications as well as related consulting, training and cartographic
services.

ATDIs partners and customers consist of the following categories:

- Regulation authorities
- Telecom operators
- Broadcasters
- Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM)
- Military bodies
- Consulting firms

In almost 24 years of existence, ATDI has acquired an expertise in the various fields required to
create, supply and maintain a world class radio network planning & analysis as well as spectrum
management solution, i.e.:
- Spectrum Management
- Spectrum Control
- Radio propagation
- Radio technologies
The following document is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part
of this document, in whole or in part, may be copied or reproduced anywhere in anyway
whatsoever without prior written authorization of an authorized ATDI personnel.
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PLANNING AN INDOOR WIFI NETWORK
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- Radio regulations
- Digital cartography
- Database management
- System deployment

Figure 1. Pictorial Representation of ATDI Domain Expertise

The staff of ATDI regularly contributes, as technical experts, to the Working Groups involved in
Spectrum Management (ITU-R, ITU-D, CEPT (SE19), Vienna Agreement for Fixed and Mobile
coordination, etc.). ATDI is a member of the ITU.

ATDI boasts the most comprehensive portfolio of solutions in the spectrum management and radio
planning fields. Specifically, ATDIs solutions consist of all-in-one solutions supporting all radio
technologies and customer needs in a single turnkey offering. Also, ATDI brings the most impressive
of references around the world in the categories listed above and developed further in this
document.

3. SOFTWARES USED
The principal software modules used in this project which also make up an important part of the
ATDI Spectrum Management Solution are the following:

The following document is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part
of this document, in whole or in part, may be copied or reproduced anywhere in anyway
whatsoever without prior written authorization of an authorized ATDI personnel.
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PLANNING AN INDOOR WIFI NETWORK
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ICS telecom enables engineers to plan and model

radiocommunications networks efficiently and to
manage network development. Technology-neutral,
ICS telecom also informs decisions made on
spectrum management.

Local software application that allows for the import

of GIS data in different formats (HGT, TIF, DWG, DGN,
etc.) to formats compatible with ATDI software
tools. Also, allows for the export of GIS data to open
formats (ASCII Grid, BIL, TIF/TFW, PNG, etc.).

4. METHODOLOGY
4.1 CONVERTING THE DATA INTO ATDI NATIVE FORMATS

The floor plans for the individual floors of the building were provided in .DWG formats. These had
to be, first, converted into ATDI native formats. Firstly, the file was opened in AUTODESK DWG
TRUEVIEW 2018. Using Plot option, the DWG files were converted and saved into .JPEG format so
that they could be opened in ICS Map Server. In ICS Map Server, the JPEG file were then converted
into ATDIs 8-bit native file format .IC1. The files were then geo-referenced by inputting the known
distance between two pre-identified points. ICS Map Server would then automatically generate the
project files such as .GEO, .SOL, .IC1, .PAL. Since the project is an indoor project, the extension
of .GEO file was changed to .IDR and .IC1 file was renamed as .IMG.

Figure 1. CAD files imported in ICS Map Server

The following document is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part
of this document, in whole or in part, may be copied or reproduced anywhere in anyway
whatsoever without prior written authorization of an authorized ATDI personnel.
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PLANNING AN INDOOR WIFI NETWORK
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4.2 INPUTING CLUTTER DATA

The Floor Plan consisted of concrete walls, glass windows, balcony, wooden doors, steel doors and
cubicles made up of fabric. These were to be manually drawn into the project files. ICS Telecoms
Polygon Draw/Select and Rectangle Draw/Select were used for the purpose. Once the materials
were traced using Polygon Draw/Select option, the areas were marked by the numbers
representing the specific material type.

Figure 2. Clutter Type Input using Polygon Draw/Select tool in ICS Telecom

Figure 3. After view on completion of clutter type definition

4.3 CALCUTATING INDOOR PARAMETERS

We then input the attenuation values of the materials viz. glass, concrete, wood and steel metal in
varying thicknesses based on a document from University of Maryland.

Sr. No. Materials 2.4 GHz Attenuation 5 GHz Attenuation

1. Solid Wood Door 1.75" 6 dB 10 dB
2. Steel Fire/Exit Door 1.75" 13 dB 25 dB
3. Concrete Wall 18" 18 dB 30 dB
4. Exterior Double Pane Coated Glass 1" 13 dB 20 dB
Table 1. Attenuation Properties for building materials used in the project

The following document is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part
of this document, in whole or in part, may be copied or reproduced anywhere in anyway
whatsoever without prior written authorization of an authorized ATDI personnel.
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PLANNING AN INDOOR WIFI NETWORK
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[Source: 3Com Wireless Antennas Product Guide] & Source: http://wireless.wikia.com/wiki/Wi-Fi

Sr. No Material 2.4GHz 5GHz

1. Cubicle wall 2-5 4-9

Table 2. Attenuation Properties for building materials used in the project

Sources: Furr, Oak Ridge National Labs, 2008, and IEEE and http://www.ubeeinteractive.com/support/consumers/faq/sig
nal-attenuation-receive-signal-strength-indicator-rssi

The attenuation values given in the table were for specific thicknesses. However, the thicknesses of
the material in our project varied from the ones mentioned in the reference documents. We,
therefore, interpolated the attenuation values in order to get the right values for the material
thicknesses actually used in the project.

Attenuation as per the reference document for a concrete wall which is 18 thick is given as 18dB for
a Wi-Fi signal transmitting at 2.4 GHz. However, in our case, the thickness of the actual wall was 8.
The difference in terms of ratio, therefore, comes out to be 2.25. Applying the logarithmic formula
for attenuation, we get the attenuation that would decrease by,

= (. ) = Equation
1

So, the attenuation of the 4 thick wall would therefore be 11 dB. Similarly, other attenuation values
were relatively calculated.

Figure 4. Attenuation values input into the software at 2.4 GHz

The following document is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part
of this document, in whole or in part, may be copied or reproduced anywhere in anyway
whatsoever without prior written authorization of an authorized ATDI personnel.
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4.4 COVERAGE, SNIR AND FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENT

The Access Point parameters were input as follows:

Once the attenuation values were calculated and input into the software along with the Access Point
parameters, it was possible to started coverage calculations. In order to calculate coverage, we used
ITU-R P.525 Propagation Model. Since, this is an indoor setting, the diffraction geometry used was
Visibility/Indoor.

The following document is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part
of this document, in whole or in part, may be copied or reproduced anywhere in anyway
whatsoever without prior written authorization of an authorized ATDI personnel.
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SNIR was calculated using IRF Mode in Intereference Calculation Options in ICS Telecom. SNIR as
set at 25dB. The co-channel bands were kept at a difference of 0, 20, 30 dB.

In order to reduce interference, frequency assignment process was run. For 2.4 GHz, three
frequencies having least interference were 2412, 2437 and 2462 MHz, while for 5 GHz , frequencies
were 5180, 5200, 5220, 5240, 5260 ,5280, 5300, 5320MHz, this were distributed among all channels.

For Frequency Assignment purposes, Monte Carlo method was used to assign frequencies, ensuring
minimum interference, to all the Access Points in a floor plan. On completion, it was as expected,
observed that the interference was reduced drastically to around 1%.

The C/I map for 2.4 GHz after frequency assignment is as follows:

The C/I Map for 5 GHz after frequency assignment is as follows:

The following document is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part
of this document, in whole or in part, may be copied or reproduced anywhere in anyway
whatsoever without prior written authorization of an authorized ATDI personnel.
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For further inquiries, please contact us at

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E-307, Kailash Industrial Complex

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Vikhroli (West)
Mumbai - 400 079, India

Landline: +91 - 22 - 25190077

Fax: +91 - 22 - 25190066
E Mail: sales@atdi.in

The following document is copyright protected and remains the exclusive property of ATDI. No part
of this document, in whole or in part, may be copied or reproduced anywhere in anyway
whatsoever without prior written authorization of an authorized ATDI personnel.