Experiment no.

Molar Mass from Freezing Point Depression

Name:_________________________ Date Performed:____________________

Group No.:_____________________ Date Submitted: ____________________

Section:_______________________ Rating: ____________________________

Objectives: Experimentally determine the molar mass of sodium chloride based on the freezing point
depression of its solution.

Materials: distilled water

Sodium chloride crystals (rock salt)
8 inch hard glass test tube
Thermometer
Cork with holes for the thermometer and stirring wire
Stirring wire
10ml graduated cylinder
Electronic balance

Procedure:
1. Place 10 ml of distilled water in the hard glass tube. Insert the stirring wire and the thermometer
as shown in the figure. Make sure that the thermometer bulb is immersed in the liquid.
2. Place the entire apparatus in the salt-ice bath. Allow the distilled water to cool with continuous
stirring until an ice water slush forms in the tube.
3. Remove the test tube from the bath. Stir vigorously and note the constant temperature at which
ice and water coexist in the tube. This constant temperature is the freezing point of pure water.
Record it in the data sheet.
4. Do Steps 2 and 3, but replace the distilled water in the tube with a solution containing 1.0g of
distilled water. Record the freezing point of the solution.
5. Compute for the change in the freezing point of the salt solution and the pure distilled water.
Record the result in your data table.

tf = tNaCl solution tdistilled water

6. Determine the molality of the solution using the equation for the freezing point depression.

Molality = - tf
 iKf
where i = 2 and Kf of water is 1.86 C/m.

7. Compute for the number of moles of the NaCl using the molality of the solution obtained in Step
6 and the mass of the solvent (expressed in kg) used to make the solution.

Moles of NaCl = molality x mass of water in kg

8. Find the molar mass of NaCl from the mass of the NaCl used and the moles of NaCl obtained in
Step 7.

MM = mass of NaCl used

Moles of NaCl from step 7

9. Waste disposal: The solutions may be disposed in the sink after the experiment.

Data and Results

Mass of distilled water used in NaCl solution (kg)

Mass of NaCl used (g)

Freezing point of pure distilled water (C)
Freezing point of NaCl solution (C)
Change in freezing point ( tf )
Molality of solution
Computed moles of NaCl
Computed molar mass of NaCl

Conclusion:
Questions:

1. If the thermometer is consistently but erroneously read as 1.0 C higher than the actual
temperature during the entire activity, will the obtained molar mass of NaCl be too high, too low,
or the same? Support your answer.

2. If the distilled water is initially contaminated with a soluble nonreactive, non-volatile substance,
will the change in freezing point be higher, lower, or the same as that of pure distilled water?
Why?

3. Why is the freezing point of pure solvent constant, while that of a solution decreases with steady
cooling?

Experiment no. 7

Heat of Neutralization
Name:_________________________ Date Performed:____________________

Group No.:_____________________ Date Submitted: ____________________

Section:_______________________ Rating: ____________________________

Objectives:
Determine whether the neutralization between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid is
endothermic or exothermic
Calculate the heat of neutralization between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid

Materials: insulated tumbler

6M HCl solution
6M NaOH solution
Digital thermometer
100 ml graduated cylinder

Procedure:
1. Measure 20ml of 6M NaOH solution. Pour the solution into the tumbler.
2. Measure and record the initial temperature of the NaOH solution.
3. Measure 20 ml of 6M HCl solution. Measure and record its initial temperature.
4. Pour the HCl solution into the tumbler to mix with the NaOH solution.
5. Cover the tumbler immediately and swirl gently to mix the contents.
6. Measure the temperature every 15 seconds for 5 minutes. To do this, slightly lift the cover to
insert the thermometer.
7. Calculate the heat of neutralization from the data gathered.

Data and Observations:

Initial temperature of HCl: ____________
Initial temperature of NaOH: __________

Time after Mixing Temperature after 30

(sec) Mixing (C)
15 45
60

75

90

105

120

135

150

Hrxn = _________

Time after Mixing Temperature after

(sec) Mixing (C)
165

180

195

210

225

240

255

270

285

300
What is the highest (if exothermic) or lowest (if endothermic) temperature attained by the mixture
within five minutes?

Calculation:

Conclusion:
Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic? Why?