ABSTRACT

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Present project report entitled DEVELOPMENT OF ALGORITHM FOR WAVEFORM

PROTOCOL GENERATOR BOARD based on the generation of the waveforms for the
Driver Controller circuit. Here we are using microcontroller AT89C52 for the generation of the
required waveforms. AT89C52is basically a 40 pin IC performing basic functions like logical
and arithmetic operations with an in-built memory RAM with it.

We have also studied about the Phase Shifter, types of phase shifters, the principle of operation
and their applications. The Microwave section department that deals with the protocol generation
and generating the control signal waveforms for the driver circuit also provides assistance in
improving our Indian Defense RADAR systems. It employs the Ferrite Rod microwave devices
with a lot better efficiency in operation.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

While presenting this report I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude to my guide Mr.
B. S. Matheru (Sc. G) and entire SSPL staff, who were indispensable part of my training
giving me unending guidance, inspiration, encouragement and providing me a conductive
environment throughout my training at DRDO, DELHI.

The training was an extremely productive & enriching experience, not only technically but also
in the matter of providing some practical skills. I am also grateful to SSPL authorities for
allowing me to carry out my training in this establishment and making it a truly memorable one.

I wish to thanks all MICROWAVE GROUP staff for their support and guidance.

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ABOUT THE DRDO
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Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) was established in 1958 by

amalgamating Defence Science Organization and some of the technical development
establishments. A separate Department of Defence Research and Development was formed in
1980, which now administers DRDO and its 51 laboratories/establishments. The Department of
Defence Research and Development formulates and executes programmes of scientific research,
design and development in the fields of relevance to national security leading to the induction of
new weapons, platforms and other equipments required by the armed forces. It also functions as
the nodal agency for the execution of the major development programmes of relevance to
Defence through integration of research, development testing and production facilities with the
national scientific institutions, public sector undertakings and other agencies. Research and
Development activities at DRDO cover important demarcated disciplines like aeronautics,
rockets and missiles, electronics and instrumentation, combat vehicles, engineering, naval
systems, armament technology including explosives research, terrain research, advanced
computing, artificial intelligence, robotics, systems technology and nuclear medicine. Several
high-technology projects are in various stages of development. The main battle tank Arjun
incorporating state-of-art tank technologies with superior firepower, high mobility and excellent
protection has been developed. A limited number of tanks are being produced as pre-production
series, which are in final stages of evaluation, by the army. The integrated guided missile
development program is in progress. The program comprises of five missile systems: Prithvi-
surface to surface tactical battlefield missile, Akash- medium range surface-to-air-missile
systems, Trishul-a short-range surface-to-air-missile and Agni- an intermediate range ballistic
missile. DRDO offers specialized training at its two premier training institutions called Institute
of Armament Technology, Pune and Defence institute of Work Study, Mussorie.

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ABOUT SSPL
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HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Solid State Physics Laboratory (SSPL), one of the establishments under the Defence R&D
Organization (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, was established in 1962 with the broad objective of
developing an R&D base in the field of Solid State Materials, Devices and Sub-systems. The
Laboratory has a vision to be the center of excellence in the development of Solid State
Materials, Devices and has a Mission to develop and characterize high purity materials and solid
state devices for military applications and to enhance infrastructure, technology for meeting the
future challenges.

AREAS OF WORK
The major activities at SSPL include development of semi-conductor materials, solid-state
devices, electronic components/sub-systems and investigation of solid state materials/devices for
futuristic defence applications. Over the years, the Laboratory has developed core competence
in the following areas: -
Design & Development of:
GaAs based Microwave devices and circuit
IR devices
Ferrite components
SAW devices & sensors
MEMs components
Materials Development & Characterization

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LIST OF FIGURE
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FIG NO. NAME OF FIGURE PAGE NO.

1.1 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM 3
1.2 INTERNAL PARTS OF TRANSDUCER 3
1.3 MUTLIPLE BEAM OF RADAR 4
1.4 HYSTERESIS CHARC. OF FERRITE 7
2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF 8051 10
3.1 PIN DIAGRAM OF 8051 17
7.1 SEQUENTIAL DIAGRAM OF DIGITAL 37
DRIVER
R.1 SERIAL TXD RXD 42
R.2 WAVEFORM 46

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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CERTIFICATE I
ABSTRACT II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT III
ABOUT THE DRDO IV
ABOUT SSPL V

CHAPTER-1 THE PHASE SHIFTER 1

1.1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.2 BASIC CONSIDERATIONS 2
1.3 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION 5
1.4 FEATURESOF PHASE SHIFTER 6

CHAPTER2 8051 MICROCONTROLLER 8

2.1HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF INTEL MICROCONTROLLER 8
2.2 IMPORTANT FEATURES AND APPLICATIONS 8
2.3 INSTRUCTION SET 11

CHAPTER-3 PIN DESCRIPTION FOR THE MICROCONTROLLER 17

3.1 MICROCONTROLLER IC PIN DIAGRAM 17
3.2 BASIC PINS 17
3.3 PORTS 18
3.4 OSCILLATOR CIRCUITS 18
3.5 DATA AND PROGRAM MEMORY 19
3.6 SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS 19
3.7 GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTERS 19
3.8 BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR 8051 MICROCONTROLLER IC 22

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CHAPTER4 ADDRESSING MODE OF 8051 23
4.1 ADDRESING MODES 23

CHAPTER-5 INTERRUPTS 26
5.1 INTRODUCTION 26
5.2 SETTING UP INTERRUPTS 27
5.3 POLLING SEQUENCE 28

CHAPTER-6 SOFTWARES USED 32

6.1 ASSEMBLER- ASM31 32
6.2 INTRODUCTION TO EDWin 34
6.3 SIMULATION OVERVIEW ` 34
6.4 ABOUT MIXED MODE SIMULATOR 34

Chapter7 ABOUT THE ASSIGNED TASK 37

Chapter 8 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 39

APPENDIX (PROGRAMMING) 41

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