XX The Second World War

delude / d lu d / verb [ transitive ]

to make someone believe something that is not true SYN deceive :
I was angry with him for trying to delude me.
delude somebody/yourself into doing something
It is easy to delude yourself into believing youre in love.
Dont be deluded into thinking your house is burglarproof.

propaganda / prp nd $ pr - / noun [ uncountable ]

information which is false or which emphasizes just one part of a
situation, used by a government or political group to make people agree
with them :
the spreading of political propaganda
Nazi/Communist etc propaganda
propaganda exercise/campaign (= something done to show one
political opinion )
They have mounted a propaganda campaign against Western
governments.
the government propaganda machine (= people who produce
propaganda )
propagandize ( also -ise British English ) verb [ intransitive and
transitive ]
propagandist noun [ countable ]
COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + PROPAGANDA
political propaganda Don't believe all the political propaganda.
enemy propaganda He was charged with distributing enemy
propaganda.
communist/Soviet etc propaganda Much communist propaganda
was about the evils of capitalism.
party propaganda Public money should not be used to produce party
propaganda.
government/official propaganda Everything would soon get better,
according to the official propaganda.
VERBS
spread propaganda Several underground organizations were
spreading anti-government propaganda.
PHRASES
a piece of propaganda The claim was a typical piece of Russian
propaganda.
PROPAGANDA + NOUN
a propaganda campaign The Tories mounted a massive propaganda
campaign against the Labour leader.
a propaganda war He denied the existence of any political prisoners,
dismissing the claims as part of a propaganda war.
a propaganda exercise (= something done as propaganda ) The
meeting was just a propaganda exercise.
a propaganda machine (= people who produce propaganda in an
organized way ) The regimes propaganda machine presented the
incident as a triumph.
a propaganda weapon (= an event, situation etc that can be used for
propaganda ) Sporting success was an important propaganda weapon
during the Cold War.
a propaganda tool (= an organization or type of communication that is
used to spread propaganda ) The newspaper had been turned into a
propaganda tool.
propaganda value (= ability to be used for propaganda ) There was
propaganda value in agreeing to a peace conference.

spare 1 S2 / spe $ sper / adjective

1 EXTRA spare key/battery/clothes etc a key etc that you keep in
addition to the one you usually use, so that it is available if the one you
usually use breaks, gets lost etc :
a spare key
Bring a towel and some spare clothes.
a supply of spare batteries
a spare tyre
2 NOT USED/NEEDED [ usually before noun ] not being used or not
needed at the present time :
Have you got any spare boxes?
You could sleep in the spare bedroom.
Do you have any spare cash?
Ill go and see if there are any spare seats.
A decline in beer sales had left the industry with spare capacity (= the
ability to produce more than can be sold ) .
3 TIME spare time/moment/hour etc time when you are not
working :
What do you do in your spare time?
Eric spent every spare moment he had in the library.
4 MONEY spare change coins of little value that you do not need
and can give to other people :
There are beggars on every corner asking for spare change.
 5 be going spare British English spoken if something is going
spare, it is available for you to have or use :
Ill have some of that cake if its going spare.
6 go spare British English informal to become very angry or worried
:
Dad would go spare if he found out.
7 PLAIN a spare style of writing, painting etc is plain or basic and
uses nothing unnecessary
8 THIN literary someone who is spare is tall and thin

bulwark / blwk $ -wrk / noun [ countable ]

1 something that protects you from an unpleasant situation
bulwark against
a bulwark against dictatorship
2 bulwarks [ plural ] the sides of a boat or ship above the DECK
3 a strong structure like a wall, built for defence

Chamberlain, Neville / nevl, nevl /

(18691940) a British politician in the Conservative Party who was
elected Prime Minister in 1937. He was generally criticized for his policy
of APPEASEMENT towards Hitlers Germany (= agreeing to their demands )
and for British military failures at the beginning of World War II. As a
result he was replaced as Prime Minister by Winston Churchill in 1940.
People in the UK remember him for using the phrase Peace in our time,
and for announcing on the radio that the UK was at war with Germany.
MUNICH AGREEMENT

Mein Kampf / man kmpf /

a book written by Adolf HITLER while he was in prison in 1923. It
describes his political ideas and his plan for gaining power over the
whole world.

obliterate / bltret / verb [ transitive ]

1 to destroy something completely so that nothing remains :
Hiroshima was nearly obliterated by the atomic bomb.
2 to remove a thought, feeling, or memory from someones mind :
Nothing could obliterate the memory of those tragic events.
3 to cover something completely so that it cannot be seen :
Then the fog came down, obliterating everything.
obliteration / blt re n / noun [ uncountable ]
THESAURUS
destroy to damage something so badly that it no longer exists or
cannot be used or repaired : The earthquake almost completely
destroyed the city. | The twin towers were destroyed in a terrorist
attack.
devastate to damage a large area very badly and destroy many things
in it : Allied bombings in 1943 devastated the city. | The countrys
economy has been devastated by years of fighting.
demolish to completely destroy a building, either deliberately or by
accident : The original 15th century house was demolished in Victorian
times. | The plane crashed into a suburb of Paris, demolishing several
buildings.
flatten to destroy a building or town by knocking it down, bombing it
etc, so that nothing is left standing : The town centre was flattened by a
500 lb bomb.
wreck to deliberately damage something very badly, especially a room
or building : The toilets had been wrecked by vandals. | They just
wrecked the place.
trash informal to deliberately destroy a lot of the things in a room,
house etc : Apparently, he trashed his hotel room while on drugs.
obliterate formal to destroy a place so completely that nothing remains
: The nuclear blast obliterated most of Hiroshima.
reduce something to ruins/rubble/ashes to destroy a building or
town completely : The town was reduced to rubble in the First World
War.
ruin to spoil something completely, so that it cannot be used or enjoyed
: Fungus may ruin the crop. | The new houses will ruin the view.

shudder 1 / d $ -r / verb [ intransitive ]

1 to shake for a short time because you are afraid or cold, or
because you think something is very unpleasant :
Maria shuddered as she stepped outside.
shudder with
I shudder with embarrassment whenever I think about it.
shudder at
She shuddered at the thought that she could have been killed.
2 if a vehicle or machine shudders, it shakes violently :
The car shuddered briefly as its engine died.
The train shuddered to a halt .
3 I shudder to think spoken used to say that you do not want to
think about something because it is too unpleasant :
I shudder to think what theyll say when they see the mess the house is
in.
shudder at something phrasal verb
to think that something is very bad or unpleasant :
If you love skiing but shudder at the cost, take advantage of our superb
family offer.
He shuddered at the thought of the conflict ahead.