Advance in Electronic and Electric Engineering.

ISSN 2231-1297, Volume 3, Number 7 (2013), pp. 853-858

Research India Publications
http://www.ripublication.com/aeee.htm

Comparative Analysis of Room Temperature Controller

Using Fuzzy Logic & PID

Jay Kumar1, Richa Kapoor2, Brijebdra3, Hemant4, Jyoti5

1
Electronics & Communication, RBS Engineering Technical Campus
Agra, India
2
Electrical & Electronics HCST, Farah, Mathura India
3, 4, 5
Electronics & Communication, RBS Engineering Technical Campus
Agra, India.

Abstract

In this paper a control scheme for static room is proposed, based on the
continuous monitoring of the thermal variables. The aim is to maintain
the temperature and the humidity of room close to the targeted values,
and reduce the electrical energy intake of the compressor/Fan while
utilizing all available resources in the most efficient manner. In this
paper, the indoor temperature control loop has been implemented using
a conventional PID algorithm & fuzzy logic. Since Fuzzy logic
technique is an innovative technology used in designing solutions for
multi-parameter and non-linear control models for the definition of a
control strategy. As a result, it delivers solutions faster than the
conventional control design techniques. A practical application of a
fuzzy control system & PID for a static room was carried out and the
simulation results are presented using Simulink / MATLAB trying to
deal mainly with the issue of maintaining the desired indoor
temperature in spite of the change in outdoor temperature
simultaneously reduceing the temperature oscillations and energy
consumption.

Keywords: Temperature control, Fuzzy logic, PID..

854 Jay Kumar et al

1. Introduction
A Control scheme for Indoor Room temperature is proposed based on the continuous
monitoring of the Thermal and climate variables. The dynamic behavior of the relevant
variables is determined and expressed in terms of a system transfer function. In this
study, the indoor temperature control loop has been implemented using a fuzzy logic &
compare with PID algorithm. Since control applications have multiple inputs and
require mathematical modeling and tuning of a large number of parameters, which
makes implementation very tedious and time consuming. In case of fuzzy logic it
provides an alternative control because it is closer to real world. Fuzzy logic is handled
by rules, membership functions and inference process, which results in improved
performance, simpler implementation and reduced design costs [1, 2]. Most Fuzzy
rules can simplify the implementation by combining multiple inputs into single if-then
statements while still handling non-linearity & does not require mathematical
modeling. Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) uses the qualitative knowledge of a system to
design a controller. FLC deals with the uncertainties in the process of control by
collecting both human knowledge and expertise [4].
The purpose of this paper is to reduce the temperature oscillations and heat
consumption by using the fuzzy logic tool box/ Simulink in the Matlab. This proposed
design work of Room temperature System is the application of fuzzy logic Control
system consisting of three input variables: Temperature difference between outdoor &
indoor, no. of person in room and Rate of change of temperature and output variable is
Heat Consumption used in a processing plant to maintain the temperature inside room.

2. PID Controller
The PID controller algorithm is the almost universally used control strategy. The PID
Control equation is defined by-

(1)

Where Kp, Ki and Kd are the proportional, integral, and derivative constant gains,
respectively. The signal e(t) defined as e(t) = r(t) c(t) is the error signal between the
reference r(t) and the process output c(t).

Figure 2.1: Simulink model using PID controller.

Comparative Analysis of Room Temperature Controller Using Fuzzy Logic & PID 855

In the created model, the thermostat is set to 20 C. Changes in outdoor

temperature are Simulated by a sine wave with amplitude of 3 degrees to a base
temperature of 12 degrees. The temperature outdoor varies in a sinusoidal manner,
whereas the indoors temperature is maintained within 3 C of "Set Point" 20 C.

Figure 2.2: Indoor temperature using PID Controller.

3. Fuzzy controller
Fuzzy logic was born in 1965 by Zadeh. Nowadays, it is widely used in industrial
applications. Fuzzy logic can model the nonlinear relationship between inputs and
outputs. It can simulate the operators behavior without use of mathematical model. It
is a method that transfers human knowledge into mathematics, with the aid of ifthen
rules [3].

3.1 fuzzification
Fuzzification aims to convert crisp input values into corresponding fuzzy set values.
FLC involves receiving input signal and converting the signal into fuzzy variable
(fuzzifier). The fuzzy control rules relate the input fuzzy variables to an output fuzzy
variable which is called fuzzy associative memory (FAM), and defuzzifying to obtain
crisp values to operate the system (defuzzifier). In this FLC, there are three fuzzy input
variables and one output fuzzy variable. The fuzzy input variables are the error, e
which is the error between the reference and the measured temperature and the error
difference, second is Rate of Change of Temperature & third is no. of person inside
room. The membership function for fuzzy sets can have many different shapes,
depending on a definition. The popularly used fuzzy membership functions in many
applications are triangular, trapezoidal, bell-shaped and sigmoid membership function.
The membership function used is the triangular type as shown in Figure 3.1.
856 Jay Kumar et al

Figure 3.1: Member ship function for input Temperature Error.

3.2 fuzzy rules

A fuzzy logic rule is called a fuzzy association. A fuzzy associative memory (FAM) is
formed by partitioning the universe of discourse of each condition variable according
to the level of fuzzy resolution chosen for these antecedents, thereby a grid of FAM
elements [5]. The entry at each grid element in the FAM corresponds to fuzzy action.
The FAM has three inputs and one output.

Table 3.1 Rules For Membership Function.

s.n. Inputs output
Temp. Error Rate of Change of No. of Person in Heat
Temp. Room Consumption
1. Too Very Large 8-11 Very High
Negative
2. Too Large 6-9 High
Negative
3. Too Normal 4-7 High
Negative
4. Too Small 2-5 Medium
Negative
5. Too Very Small 0-3 Medium
Negative
6. Negative Very Large 8-11 Very High
7. Negative Large 6-9 High
8. Negative Normal 4-7 Medium
9. Negative Small 2-5 Medium
10 Negative Very Small 0-3 Very Low

3.3 defuzzification
It is the opposite of fuzzification. It aims to convert a value (actually several values) of
the fuzzy output variable to a single crisp value. There are many ways to perform
defuzzification, just as there are many ways to perform fuzzification. The most
common method is called Min-Max method, which selects only the maximum or
minimum values from each fuzzy rule for further processing. Procedurally, the most
Comparative Analysis of Room Temperature Controller Using Fuzzy Logic & PID 857

convenient way to implement defuzzification using this method is to combine it with

fuzzy rules processing [6].

4. Simulation Result & Conclusion

Throughout the paper many simulations have been carried out to study the
implementation of fuzzy logic control in room temperature control system. The
simulations also include the PID controller. The performance of both types of control
techniques is carefully compared. Result for the PID controller is under. This model
gives a very high oscillated output in indoor temperature and very high energy
consumption, as shown in fig 2.2. A fuzzy based room temperature control system
have been developed and successfully demonstrated as shown in fig 4.2. The system
has been designed for maintaining the temperature at any desired value. The
membership function can be modified to achieve any desired temperature. The use of
fuzzy logic provides very fast response and reliable operation. Heat consumption
analysis shows that FLC gives more energy savings compared with PID controller. The
study has shown that FLC is better than PID controller.

Figure 4.1: Rule Viewer Window.

Figure 4.3: Simulink model using fuzzy logic with three inputs
858 Jay Kumar et al

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