SOUTH AFRICA
6. LEGAL
High national regulation
(labour, tenant laws and
enterprise regulation) as well
as international health and
safety standards impact on
the nature of business.
There is a very large amount
of regulation of agricultural
enterprises - particularly
small and emerging. This
can have both positive and
negative impacts on South
Africas economy.
There is a huge uncertainty
over bio-fuel legislation. New
legislation governing the
water environment and
giving effect to the cabinet -
adopted National Water
Resource Strategy Version 2
(Water Amendment Bill and
Revision of the Pricing
Strategy for Water Use
Charges in terms of the
National Water Act, 1998.
7. ETHICAL
GUJARAT
The State Pollution Control
Board will, frame new
guidelines keeping in view the
nature of effluents, consistent
within the frame work of
Central Pollution Control Act.
The production, supply and
distribution of certain
commodities come under the
purview of the Essential
Commodities Act, 1955.
These commodities include
food grains, oilseeds, cotton
and woollen textiles, jute, and
coal, among others.
Under the Act, the central
government may control the
price at which any essential
commodity is traded.
Agricultural markets in the
state are regulated by
Agricultural Produce
Marketing Committee (APMC)
laws.
Under these state Acts,
farmers are required to sell
their produce at state-owned
mandis. The Indian food
processing industry is
regulated by Food Safety and
Standard Act (FSSA) which
govern the aspects of
sanitation, licensing and other
necessary permits that are
required to start up and run a
food business.
Foreign Direct Investment is
permissible for all the
processed food products
under 100% automatic routes,
subject to applicable
laws/regulations/securities and
other conditions.
 Animal Ethics focuses on the
use of animals, the intensive
production of meat and
poultry, extensive production
of feedstuffs for animals, and
impacts on the environment
due to intensive production.
Food Safety is an issue
because of modern food
In South Africa the situation
production-transportation
is very different, although
processing- marketing chains
this has not been reported, it
that expose consumers to
appears that besides
chemical additives, microbial
Organic and fair trade which
pathogens and other human
are anyway poorly
health concerns. Inspection
implemented, and there are
and transparency in how food
few products with ethical
is produced is included here.
certification used.
International Trade is a
Low income consumers
question of fairness in how
who are focused on eking
rules are set, who sets the
value out of their
rules and who benefits versus
expenditure, will Cleary not
those who are pushed out of
be influenced by these
the market.
certifications, so they can
Areas of concern include
only be expected to have
chemical residues on food,
any impact in the higher
pesticide exposure on
income sector.
workers, wasteful use of soil
and water resources, and
untargeted yet obvious
impacts on the natural
ecosystem and wildlife.
Food Security is essential
question deals with hunger
and how to provide sufficient
food for all.