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Bending Analysis of Symmetrically Laminated

Cylindrical Panels Using the Extended Kantorovich
Method
a a a
M. Abouhamze , M. M. Aghdam & F. Alijani
a
Department of Mechanical Engineering , Amirkabir University of Technology , Tehran, Iran
Published online: 15 Oct 2007.

To cite this article: M. Abouhamze , M. M. Aghdam & F. Alijani (2007) Bending Analysis of Symmetrically Laminated
Cylindrical Panels Using the Extended Kantorovich Method, Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 14:7, 523-530,
DOI: 10.1080/15376490701585967

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 Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 14:523530, 2007
Copyright 
c Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
ISSN: 1537-6494 print / 1537-6532 online
DOI: 10.1080/15376490701585967
Bending Analysis of Symmetrically Laminated Cylindrical
Panels Using the Extended Kantorovich Method
M. Abouhamze, M. M. Aghdam, and F. Alijani
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
Downloaded by [Indian Institute of Technology Madras] at 01:26 25 December 2014
In this study, the bending of cross-ply symmetrically laminated
cylindrical panels is investigated using the extended Kantorovich
method (EKM). Following the classical Kirchhoff-Love assump-
tions, the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) of the
problem are converted to a couple of systems of ordinary differen-
tial equations (ODEs). The resulted sets of ODEs are then solved,
with exact analytical solutions, iteratively using arbitrary functions
as initial guesses. Results for a clamped composite cylindrical panel
under uniform, linear and nonlinear varying distributed loadings
are presented. It is shown that the method provides accurate pre-
dictions for both displacement and stress components with very fast
convergence and also initial guesses have no influence on the final
results. Accuracy of the final results is investigated by comparison
with the finite element and other results available in the literature.
Keywords bending analysis, cylindrical panel, cross-ply laminates,
extended Kantorovich method
1. INTRODUCTION
The extended Kantorovich method (EKM) is an efficient tech-
nique to obtain approximate closed form solutions for partial
differential equations. In this technique, the system of partial
differential equations is converted to a couple of systems of or-
dinary differential equations which may be solved analytically.
The method was firstly developed by Kerr [1] and has been
applied to the analysis of boundary-value [2, 3] and eigenvalue
problems [4] with a single PDE as the governing equation. Since
then, EKM has been used to solve a system of PDEs govern-
ing the bending of a thick isotropic [5] and cross-ply laminated
plate [6]. Recently, application of the EKM is presented for the
buckling analysis of laminated plates [7] and also to solve the
governing PDE of a sector plate in polar coordinate system [8].
However, all these applications of the method are restricted to
rectangular or sector plates and nothing is found in the open
literature for shell/panel type structures.
Among special composite structures, multi-layered cylindri-
cal panels are extensively used in various civil, mechanical and
Received 1 February 2007; accepted 10 May 2007.
Address correspondence to M. M. Aghdam, Department of Mechan-
ical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Hafez Ave.,
Tehran, Iran. E-mail: aghdam@aut.ac.ir
523
aerospace engineering structures. Therefore, extensive analyti-
cal and numerical methods have been presented to study the me-
chanical behavior of laminated cylindrical shell/panels. Among
the analytical investigations, one can refer to the most accurate
but complicated method based on the solution of the three dimen-
sional elasticity relations governing the bending, free vibration
or buckling of panels. However, they are all essentially lim-
ited to specific loading and boundary conditions [912]. Among
Equivalent single layer 2-D theories, Classical lamination theory
(CLT) is the simplest one and applicable for thin laminates [13]
which is used by Zhao et al. [14] and Faria [15] to numerically
study the free vibration and dynamic response of cylindrical
panels, respectively. Kabir [16] has used CLT for investigating
the free vibration response of laminated cylindrical panels using
thin shallow formulation of Reissner. First Order shear deforma-
tion theory (FSDT), based on Mindlin-Reissner assumptions, is
utilized by Kabir [17] in the solution of the free vibration prob-
lem of cross-ply cylindrical panels. Higher order formulation of
laminated doubly curved shells is presented by Reddy and Liu
[18] and is used for the analysis of bending and free vibration of
symmetric and anti-symmetric cross-ply shells. The latter the-
ory is also used by Messina and Soldatos [19] for free vibration
analysis of angle-ply cylindrical panels and plates free of exter-
nal traction edges, using Ritz method. As a more complicated
and accurate formulation, Zig-Zag theories are also used in the
analysis of laminated composite structures [20]. A detailed re-
view of the application of Zig-Zag theories in these structures
can be found elsewhere [21]. The above studies are often lim-
ited to rectangular platforms and simply supported boundary
conditions. However, approximate analytic solutions exist for
eigenvalue analysis of laminated closed and open cylindrical
shells with different boundary conditions [19, 22, 23].
In this article, applicability and performance of the EKM
technique to obtain approximate closed form solutions for spa-
tial structures is studied. For this purpose, the bending of lam-
inated cylindrical panels with clamped edges subjected to vari-
ous loading conditions is considered. First, the governing partial
differential equations of the problem are derived based on CST
and thin shallow shell equilibrium equations. These governing
equations are converted to a double set of ODEs using EKM.
The resulting ODE systems are then solved iteratively until
 524 M. ABOUHAMZE ET AL.

convergence of the final results is achieved. One of the fea- Equations of equilibrium for bending of a cylindrical panel
tures of this method is the possibility of presenting closed form are followed by linear shallow shell formulation refined by
solutions for ODE systems in all iterations. Other advantages of Reissner [24]. This formulation, unlike Donnells equations
the method include very fast convergence, high accuracy, less [25], does not neglect the effect of the transverse shear defor-
computational effort compared with other numerical techniques mation in the balance of forces in the circumferential direction.
such as FEM and independence of the final results from ini- These relations in terms of force and moment resultants and their
tial guesses. Validation of the predicted results is examined by derivatives are:
comparing the results with other analytical, numerical and finite
element solutions. N1,x + N6,s = 0
1
N6,x + N2,s + (M6,x + M2,s ) = 0 (3)
2. GOVERNING EQUATIONS R
Consider a composite laminated cylindrical panel with length N2
M1,x x + 2M6,xs + M2,ss = q(x, s)
L, mean radius R, total angle and total thickness H as shown R
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in Figure 1. The curvilinear coordinate system is located on the

mid-surface of the laminate and the coordinates in the longitudi-
nal, tangential and radial directions are shown in the Figure. To
study thin shallow laminated cylindrical panels, classical Love-
type theory of shells is employed. Thus, the strain-displacement
relations are assumed as:
where N1 , N2 , N6 are stress resultants and M1 , M2 , M6 are the
stress couple resultants.
Finally, the constitutive equations for a symmetric laminated
shell can be constructed as [26, 27]:

i == i + zi1 , i = 1, 2, 6 (1) N1 = A11 1 + A12 2 + A16 6

N2 = A12 1 + A22 2 + A26 6
where the components of membrane and bending strains are N6 = A16 1 + A26 2 + A66 6
defined as:
M1 = D11 11 + D12 12 + D16 16 (4)
1 = u 1,x , 11 = u 3,x x M2 = D12 11 + D22 12 + D26 16
u3 M6 = D16 11 + D26 12 + D66 16
2 = u 2,s + , 12 = u 3,ss (2)  h/2
R
6 = u 1,x + u 2,x , 16 = 2u 3,xs (Ai j , Di j ) = Q ikj (1, z 2 )dz, i, j = 1, 2, 6
h/2
Here u 1 , u 2 , u 3 represent the displacements of a point in the
mid-surface in the longitudinal, circumferential, and radial di- with Q ikj as the transformed reduced stiffness components of
rections, respectively. the kth layer [26, 27]. Now, introducing Eq. (2) to Eq. (4) in
conjunction with Eq. (3) yields the governing partial differential
equations of the panel subjected to transverse load q(x, s) as
follows:

A11 u 1,x x + (A12 + A66 ) u 1,xs + 2A16 u 1,xs + A16 u 2,x x

A12 A26
+ A66 u 1,ss + A26 u 2,ss + u 3,x + u 3,s = 0
R R
A16 u 1,x x + (A12 + A66 ) u 1,xs + 2A26 u 2,xs + A26 u 1,ss
A26 A22
+ A66 u 2,x x + A22 u 2,ss + u 3,x + u 3,s
R R
D16 3D26 (2D66 + D12 )
u 3,x xs u 3,xss u 3,x xs
R R R
D22
u 3,sss = 0
R
D11 u 3,x x x x 2(D12 + D66 )u 3,x xss 4D16 u 3,x x xs
A12 A22
4D26 u 3,xsss D22 u 3,ssss u 1,x u 2,s
R R
A22 A26 A26
2 u3 u 1,s u 2,x = q(x, s) (5)
FIG. 1. Laminated Cylindrical Panel. R R R
 BENDING ANALYSIS OF LAMINATED CYLINDRICAL PANELS 525

Fully clamped boundary conditions for the panel are as fol- (y). Then, an integration of each equation, multiplied with the
lows: functions i (s); i = 1..3, over the length of the panel in the
circumferential direction leads to the first system of ordinary
u 1 = u 2 = u 3 = u 3,x = u 3,s = 0, on all edges (6) differential equations with unknown functions i (x); i = 1..3:

Once the solution for Eq. (5) with boundary data (6) is ob-
tained, strains and stress resultants can be determined through
the Eqs. (1) and (4), respectively.
3. SOLUTION PROCEDURE
Implementation of the EKM in the solution of two-
dimensional problems starts with descretizing the unknowns into
functions in terms of separate variables. Hence, according to the
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(F1 d 2 + c1 F5 )1 + c2 F8 d2 + c3 F4 d3 = 0
c4 F8 d1 + (c5 F2 d 2 + c6 F6 )2 + (c7 F9 d 2
+ c8 F9 c9 F10 )3 = 0 (10)
c10 F4 d1 + c8 F9 2 + (c11 F3 d 4 c12 F7 d 2
c15 F11 c14 F3 )3 = B3
where cs, Fs and B3 are defined in the Appendix.
By choosing arbitrary initial guesses for i (s) ; i = 1..3,

EKM, the independent unknown displacements in Eq. (5) are

assumed in the following form: the integrals in Eq. (A-1) would be determined explicitly as
constant values. The solution to the system of ordinary differ-
u 1 = 1 (x) 1 (s) ential Eqs. (10) may be obtained analytically by combining the
general solution corresponding to the homogeneous part and the
u 2 = 2 (x) 2 (s) (7)
particular solution. The particular solution is determined by con-
u 3 = 3 (x) 3 (s) sidering specific external loadings, for example uniform, linear
or nonlinear lateral loads.
Substitution of Eq. (7) in Eqs. (5) results in a new form of gov- Similar operations may be repeated to achieve the second
erning equations as follows: system of ODEs in terms of unknown functions i (s); i = 1..3,
by simply multiplying the equations (8) by functions i (x); i =
A11 1,x x 1 +(A12 + A66 )2,x 2,s + 2R16 1,x 1,s + A16 2,x x 2 1..3 to have:
A12 A26
+ A66 1 1,ss + A26 2 2,ss + 3,x 3 + 3 3,s = 0
R R (G 1 d 2 + e1 G 5 )1 e2 G 8 d2 e3 G 9 3 = 0
A16 1,x x 1 + (A12 + A66 )1,x 1,s + 2A26 2,x 2,s
e4 G 8 d1 + (e5 G 2 d 2 + e6 G 6 )2
A26
+ A26 1 1,ss + A66 2,x x 2 + A22 2 2,ss + 3,x 3 + (e7 G 4 d 3 + (e8 G 4 e9 G 10 )d)3 = 0 (11)
R
A22 D16 3D26 e10 G 9 1 e8 G 4 d2 + (e11 G 3 d e12 G 7 d
4 2
+ 3 3,s 3,x x x 3 3,x 3,ss
R R R + (e13 G 3 c14 G 11 )) 3 = E 3
(2D66 + D12 ) D22
3,x x 3,s 3 3,sss = 0
R R with es, Gs and E3 defined in the Appendix.
D11 3,x x x x 3 2(D12 + 2D66 )3,x x 3,ss + 4D16 3,x x x 3,s The solution of Eqs. (10) may be used for calculating the
A12 A22 integral coefficients of Eqs. (11). For each system of ODEs, the
4D26 3,x 3,sss D22 3 3,ssss 1,x 1 2 2,s solution for or is obtained as the summation of general and
R R
A22 A26 A26 particular solutions of the system of equations. The particular
2 3 3 1 1,s 2,x 2 = q(x, s) (8) solution is calculated according to the kind of external loading
R R R
[5]. Thereby, completing the first iteration, the solution up to a
Applying the displacements in the form of Eq. (7), the BCs data desired accuracy would be continued iteratively until the con-
in Eq. (6) will read as: vergence of the solution procedure. As previously mentioned,
all of the solution stages are performed analytically and no nu-
i (o) = i (L) = 0, i (o) = i (L s ) = 0; i = 1..3 merical analyses are required and consequently an approximate
3,x (o) = 3,x (L) = 0, 3,s (o) = 3,s (L s ) = 0; (9) analytic solution for a fully clamped panel can be presented.
Once the solutions for displacements are obtained directly
where, Ls is the arc length of the cylindrical panel. For the pur- from the EKM analysis, strain components can be calculated
pose of simplifying the mathematical formulations, cross-ply using Eq. (2). Finally, stress components for the kth layer are
symmetric laminates are considered to obtain the bending solu- also obtainable from the stress-strain constitutive equation:
tion results. Consequently, the terms in the above equations hav- k k
ing A16 , A26 , D16 , D26 [26] are eliminated. At this point, each 1 1
of the three Eqs. (8), following the general procedure in weighted {}k = 2 = [ Q k ] 2 (12)

residual methods, should be multiplied by the corresponding 6 6
 526 M. ABOUHAMZE ET AL.

TABLE 1
Characteristics of the laminated cylindrical panel
Graphite/ E 22 = E 33 G 12 = G 13
Epoxy E 11 = 176.52 GPa = 15.69 GPa = 4.59 GPa
G 23 = 2.73 GPa 12 = 13 = 0.295 23 = 0.298
L/L s = 1 H = 2 cm

where 1 , 2 , 6 denote the stresses along the fiber (principal),

transverse and in-plane shear directions of the fiber-reinforced
composite cylindrical panel, respectively.
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4. NUMERICAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A four-layer symmetric cross ply panel made of graphite/
epoxy with stacking sequence [0/90/90/0] is considered to ex-
FIG. 3. Convergence of 3 (x).
amine the accuracy and convergence of the method described in
previous sections. The geometric and material properties of the
panel are tabulated in Table 1. As described earlier, the method product of the two discrete functions, also converges after the
is not sensitive to the initial guesses as the technique is iterative second iteration.
and boundary conditions are satisfied in the subsequent itera- To show that the convergence of EKM is fast regardless of
tions. Therefore, three similar harmonic functions are arbitrarily the assumed initial guess, convergence of the deflection of the
chosen as the initial guesses as: mid-span of the structure is calculated by assuming the initial
guesses in an exponential form i (s) = exp(s/L s ), i = 1..3.
i (s) = Sin(s/L s ), i = 1..3; (13) It is obvious that the boundary conditions, zero deflection and
slope u 3 = u 3,s = 0 in the clamped edges, are not satisfied
by the initial guesses. However, as it is plotted in Figure 4, the
It should be noted that the chosen functions do not completely
solution converges after the second iteration and these boundary
satisfy the boundary conditions (9).
conditions are also satisfied.
Convergence rate of the discrete functions 3 (s) and 3 (x)
For the case of a fully clamped thin cylindrical panel under
in the first five iterations for the panel with R/L s = 5 is shown
uniform loading, the only results found in the literature were for
in Figure 2 and Figure 3, respectively. A perfect convergence
the isotropic case [2729]. The corresponding geometric and
can be observed as all curves after the second iteration overlap
completely. It is also evident that the deflection of the panel, i.e.,

FIG. 4. Convergence of deflection for a square cylindrical panel with expo-

FIG. 2. Convergence of 3 (s). nential initial guesses at x = L/2.
 BENDING ANALYSIS OF LAMINATED CYLINDRICAL PANELS 527

TABLE 2
Characteristics of the isotropic cylindrical panel [27]
E = 3.103 GPa = 0.3
= 0.2 rad R = 254 cm L = 50.8 cm H = 0.32 cm
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FIG. 5. Comparison of the results of EKM and FEM for R/L s = 5 at y =

L s /2.

material properties are listed in Table 2. The numerical results

for the maximum deflection of the clamped panel under uniform
pressure of 275.8 Pa are shown in Table 3. Central deflections
obtained from EKM, as can be verified by the table, agree well
with the results offered by different researchers in the literature.
Considering an orthotropic cylindrical panel, bending anal-
ysis results including both deflection and normal stresses of a
four layer symmetric laminated cylindrical panel are obtained.
The material properties are given in Table 1 and the mean ra-
dius to span length ratio is equal to 5. Correlation of the values
of normalized deflection (w = wE 22 H 3 /(q0 L 4s ) 103 ) under
uniform pressure q0 from EKM and the finite element software
ANSYS is observable in Figure 5. Again, the results are plotted
in the longitudinal direction, i.e.,(x, L s /2), of the mid-span of
the cylindrical panel.
Normalized axial and transverse stresses ((1 , 2 ) =
(1 , 2 )H 3 /q0 L 2s 103 ) at the inner surface of the panel along
FIG. 6. Normal stresses in the inner surface of the panel at y = L s /2 (a) axial
stress and (b) transverse stress.
longitudinal direction, i.e., (x, L s /2), are illustrated in Figure 6.
Reasonably good agreement between the results obtained from
EKM and FEA can be concluded. As could be expected, max-
imum amount of stress is shown to be at the clamped ends. It
should be noted that discrepancies seen in the stress analysis in
different loading cases may be as much due to the error in the
finite element analysis as to the approximation made in EKM.
As an example of non-uniform loading, a linear distribution
of pressure q = q0 x/L is also considered. Numerical results for
normalized deflection and stress at the inner surface of the panel

TABLE 3
Center deflection of the isotropic cylindrical panel
Current study (EKM) J.N. Reddy [27] Brebbia & Connor [28] Palazotto & Dennis [29]
2.819 102 cm 2.882 102 cm 2.794 102 cm 2.906 102 cm

The original numbers are written in British units in the mentioned references.
 528 M. ABOUHAMZE ET AL.

TABLE 4
Normalized Lateral deflection and axial stress of the panel
under linear loading
w 1
X/L EKM ANSYS EKM ANSYS
0 0.0000 0.0000 109.3479 107.6000
0.1 0.0684 0.0807 65.0997 64.4000
0.2 0.2531 0.2761 21.9302 21.4800
0.3 0.4780 0.5096 14.0704 14.8800
0.4 0.6786 0.7142 43.4009 44.0000
0.5 0.8024 0.8398 65.5043 65.2000
0.55 0.8230 0.8586 72.8622 71.2000
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0.6 0.8106 0.8460 76.6889 73.6000

0.7 0.6841 0.7167 68.5331 62.4000
0.8 0.4397 0.4720 27.0222 21.0000
0.9 0.1543 0.1833 66.9926 64.8000
1 0.000 0.0000 235.0194 208.0000

Maximum deflection point.
are listed in Table 4 . The material and geometric characteristics
of the structure are the same as in the previous section. As can
be seen, the maximum points of the curves are tended to the
right half of the panel and is much less than in the case that
a pressure of q0 is applied to the whole structure as would be
expected.
Now, the cross-ply symmetric laminated cylindrical panel
is considered under nonlinear loading. The pressure is applied
with sinusoidal distribution over the circumferential direction
of the panel as q = q0 Sin(s/L s ). The normalized deflec-
tion along the circumferential direction can be seen in Figure
7. The peak deflection is nearly the same as in uniform load-
ing but the variation of deflection is different due to the non-
FIG. 8. Normalized stresses in the inner surface of the panel under sinusoidal
loading at x = L/2 (a) axial stress and (b) transverse stress.

linearity of loading. The normalized stresses at the inner sur-

face of the structure are also plotted in Figure 8. By comparing
Figure 6 with Figure 8, it can be seen that applying a lateral load
with sinusoidal distribution has caused an increase in the stress
values.
In order to investigate the stability of the method for flat ge-
ometry, laminated plates are also analyzed with the presented
formulation. Here a clamped orthotropic plate with symmetric
cross-ply lamination is assumed with properties mentioned in

TABLE 5
Properties of the orthotropic plate
Graphite/ E 22 = G 12 = 12 =
Epoxy E 11 = 43.5 GPa 11.5 GPa 3.45 GPa 0.3
FIG. 7. Normalized deflection of the panel with R/L s = 5 under sinusoidal
loading (w (L/2, s)).
L x = L y = 1 m H = 0.01 m
 BENDING ANALYSIS OF LAMINATED CYLINDRICAL PANELS 529

TABLE 6 results available in the literature.

EKM and analytical predictions for an especially orthotropic
plate (Normalized deflection at y = L s /2)
APPENDIX
w
The constants and coefficients used in Eq. (10) are:
X/L EKM Analytic [27]
 
0 0.0000 0.0000 Fi = i = 1..3;
i2 ds, F4 = 1 3 ds;
0.1 0.82131 0.8273  
0.2 2.8299 2.9134 F4+i = i i,ss ds = (i,s )2 ds, i = 1..3
0.3 4.9660 5.1965  
0.4 6.5317 6.9048 F8 = 1 2,s ds = 1,s 2 ds;
0.5 7.1340 7.5692  
0.6 6.6394 7.0233
F9 = 2 3,s ds = 2 3,s ds;
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0.7 5.1569 5.4033


0.8 3.0520 3.1480
0.9 0.9891 0.9988 F10 = 2 3,sss ds
1 0.0000 0.0000  
F11 = 3 3,ssss ds = (3,ss )2 ds;

Table 5. In order to introduce the plate geometry, a mean radius
B3 = q(x, s) 3 ds; (A-1)
R = 1 109 m is assumed and the problem is reduced to an
orthotropic plate. It is interesting that the formulated method is A66 A12 + A66 A12
also stable by considering such large values for the radius. Nor- C1 = , C2 = , C3 = ,
A11 A11 R A11
malized deflection values at the mid-span of the plate along the
C4 = A12 + A66 , C5 = A66 , C6 = A22 ,
longitudinal direction are tabulated in Table 6. The uniform pres-
sure q0 is applied to the structure. It should be noted that the an- 2D66 + D12 A22 D22 A12
C7 = , C8 = , C9 = , C10 =
alytic solutions offered by Reddy [27] are obtained by assuming R R R R
Ritz approximation in a double series form. Here, the deflections A22
C11 = D11 , C12 = 2(D12 + 2D66 ), C13 = ,
are calculated by considering only the first terms (one-parameter R
solution) in the series solution. Therefore, source of small error A22
C14 = 2 , C15 = D22 ;
observed in the figure is mostly of the truncation type and even R
more accurate results would be obtained by considering more
terms in the series solution. Note: All of the above integrations are to be taken between 0
and L s .
The constants and coefficients used in Eq. (11) are:
5. CONCLUDING REMARKS  
Approximate closed form solutions are presented for bending Gi = i2 d x, i = 1..3; G 4 = 2 3 d x;
analysis of cross-ply symmetrically laminated cylindrical panels
 
using the extended Kantorovich method. The governing equa-
tions of the problem consist of a system of three second order G 4+i = i i,x x d x = (i,x )2 d x, i = 1..3
PDEs in terms of displacements of the panel in three directions.  
The governing PDEs are converted to a couple of systems of or- G 7+i = i 1,x d x = i,x 1 d x, i = 1..2 ;
dinary differential equations (ODEs) using EKM. The resulted  
sets of ODEs are then solved iteratively using arbitrary func- G 10 = 2 3,x x d x = 2,x 3,x d x;
tions as initial guesses. Exact analytical solutions are presented  
for both ODE systems in all iterations. Results for a clamped G 11 = 3 3,x x x x d x = (3,x x )2 d x;
composite cylindrical panel subjected to three different loading 
conditions, i.e. uniform, linear and sinusoidal, are presented. It B3 = q(x, s) 3 d x; (A-2)
is shown that the method provides accurate predictions for both
displacement and stress components with very fast convergence. A11 A12 + A66 A12
e1 = , e2 = , e3 = ,
Results also revealed that initial guesses have no influence on A66 A66 A66 R
the final results. Accuracy of the final results for both displace- e4 = A12 + A66
ment and stress components at various points of the panel is D22 A22
investigated by comparison with the finite element and other e5 = A22 , e6 = A66 , e7 = , e8 = ,
R R
 530 M. ABOUHAMZE ET AL.
2D66 + D12
e9 =
R
A12
e10 = , e11 = D22 , e12 = 2(D12 + 2D66 ),
R composite laminates, ASME, Pressure Vessels and Piping Division (Pub-
A22
e13 = 2 , e14 = D11 ;
R
Note: All of the above integrations are to be taken between 0
and L.
In the above coefficients, boundary conditions data in Eq. (9)
are incorporated through integration by parts.
REFERENCES
Downloaded by [Indian Institute of Technology Madras] at 01:26 25 December 2014
1. Kerr, A. D., An extension of the Kantorovich Method, Quart Applied
Mathematics, 26, 219229 (1968).
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