Child Labor

Child Labor
 To provide an in-depth global picture of
violence against children.
Focus on prevention strategies, in particular
through the identification of best practices
in prevention.
To develop & share inventory of different
approaches to the issue, in particular from a
South-to-South perspective.
 WHAT IS "CHILD LABOR"?

Is it really all that difficult to define the term

child labor?

Where CHILD LABORERS live?

 WHAT DO CHILD LABORERS DO?

WHAT ARE SOME MISUNDERSTANDINGS

ABOUT CHILD LABOR?

WHAT CAUSES CHILD LABOR TODAY?

It is the right of every child to be protected
from violence, abuse, exploitation and
discrimination.
Failure to protect children undermines the
national development and has a negative
impact that continues beyond childhood
into the individuals adult life
 Building and maintaining a protective
environment for children preventing
violence, abuse, child labor, exploitation,
etc.

It is the duty of care givers: parents,

communities, state authorities
 The concept of child Labor got much
attention during the 1990s when European
countries announced a ban on the goods of
the less-developed countries because of
child Labor
 Child labor ranges from 4-17 years old.
In some cases, a child's work can be helpful
to him or her and to the family.
It is positive in sense that it gives job
experience, this depends largely on the age
of the child, the conditions in which the
child works, and whether work prevents the
child from going to school.
 Dangerous work. Child
labor is very common in
Pakistan. Recently, a lot
of western companies
have forbidden child
workers in their sewing
factories. Instead the
children are forced to do
more dangerous work.
These girls sort garbage
in a slum area in Karachi
to make less than a
dollar a day.
Child labour is a problem

Because it jeopardizes

Health Education

Human Future
rights
 INTRODUCTION
To a childs Life

Iqbal Masih was a child labor in Pakistan. His

parents were too poor to afford food; they
borrowed $16 in exchange for sending Iqbal to a
carpet factory to work off the loan. Iqbal was only
4 years old. The children in the factory worked 14
hours a day, six days a week without any breaks.
They were beaten and chained to their looms if
they complained or tried to escape.

When he was 10, Iqbal learned about a new law

that forbade bonded labor. He left the factory,
entered school, and began to speak out on behalf
of children who still worked in factories. However
Iqbals actions made many people angry; he was
shot and killed in April 1995. Iqbal was only 12
years old.
 PROCEDURE
Steps Undertaken

Purpose of Study.
Formulating.
Interviewing.
Collecting Data.
Time Horizon.
Findings.
 PROCEDURE
Purpose Of Study

To find the main causes

of child labor.
To sought out their
solutions.
To give some useful
recommendations.
To analyze the child
labor in Pakistan.
 PROCEDURE
Formulating

The project formulation was done

and we started to collect data and
research from different resources.
In order to express our views clearly
and exactly we have done the task step
by step so that a person who has no
knowledge about child labor can also
understand easily.
 PROCEDURE
Interviewing

Five children were interviewed as

follows.
1. Hawker.
2. Car washer.
3. Child at Garage.
4. Waiter.
5. Beggar.
The snaps and interviews were
conducted at Taxila, Chakwal, and
Mansehra.
 PROCEDURE
Hawker

Gull Khan 11 years

old.
Son of a laborer.
Earning Rs. 150-
200/- per day.
Never attended
school.
No future plan other
than this.
 PROCEDURE
Car Washer

Sadiq 13 years old.

Father is jobless.
Earning Rs. 80-
100/- per day.
Attended the school
for 3 classes.
Want to continue his
Study.
 PROCEDURE
Beggar

Rani 8 years old.

Father is scraper.
Earning Rs. 60-70/-
per day.
Quite illiterate.
Not satisfied with
this.
 PROCEDURE
Collecting Data

All the data was

collected from different
resources i.e.
1. Magazines.
2. Newspapers.
3. Surfing Internet.
4. Own Resources.
5. Studying Pakistan
LABOR LAW.
 PROCEDURE
Time Horizon.

1 1/2 week for interviewing and

searching.
1 week on formulating report
and presentation.
 PROCEDURE
Findings.

Main causes.
1. Poverty.
2. Lack of Resources.
3. Family Crises.
4. Illiteracy of ancestors.
Most of the children left
the school after one or
two year of study.
 LIMITATIONS

We come across the following limitations.

Shortage of time.
Shyness of children.
Feasibility of project.
Governmental crisis.
 LIMITATIONS
The period of work of a child shall be
so arranged that inclusive of his
interval for rest, under sub-section
No child shall be required or permitted
to work overtime.
Every child employed in an
establishment shall be allowed in each
week, a holiday of one whole day
 LIMITATIONS
No child shall be required or permitted
to work in any establishment in excess
of such number of hours, as may be
prescribed for such establishment or
class of establishments.
The period of work on each day shall
be so fixed that no period shall exceed
three hours and that no child shall
work for more than three hours before
he has had an interval for rest for at
least one hour.
 LIMITATIONS
According to the Laws and Regulations
of child labor, children are strictly
prohibited from these fields.
Work inside under ground mines
Work with live electrical wires over
50V.
All operation related to leather tanning.
Mixing or application or pesticides.
Sandblasting and other work involving
exposure to free silica.
Work Permits

If you are under the age of 18,

you MUST obtain a work
permit BEFORE you start
working.
You must obtain a new work
permit every time you switch
jobs. They can not be
transferred from job to job.
 FINDINGS
There are more children under 14 in
Pakistan than the entire USA population
Children under 14 form 3.6% of
Pakistans labor force
Of these, 9 out of 10 work in their own
rural family settings
85% are engaged in agriculture related
labor
Less than 9% in manufacturing and less
than 1% in factories
 Figures in Pakistan
26.1% in 1990 but rose to
34.5% by the end of that
decade.

The figure of 23.9% reported

by the survey 2004/05
therefore in 2015 target of
13%.
 Asia and the Pacific
The Asia Pacific region has the largest number of child
laborers in the world and has experienced slower
progress in CL elimination compared to other regions.

Absolute numbers have dropped from 127 million child

laborers to 122 million, a 6% decline.
Significant numbers still in hazardous labor (6.2
million) and in the unacceptable worst forms (6.6.
million).

A serious challenge to achieve the fundamental goal of

ending the WORST Forms of Child Labor by 2016.
 FINDINGS
Basic Facts

6,00,000 child labor mobilized out of work and

into fulltime, formal, government day schools.

50,000 child laborers have been put through

Bridge Course Camps and 30,000 Education
Activists mobilized to liberate children.

80,000 youth volunteers and members of CRPF

protect child rights.
 FINDINGS
Basic Facts

25,000 adolescent girls in schools and

8000 child marriages stopped.
1500 Gram Panchayats are child labor
free.
1500 Gram Panchayats review child
rights through the health and education
subcommittees.
50,000 children mainstreamed to formal
schools through RBCs.
 FINDINGS
Basic Facts

There are more labors today than were seized from

Africa during the entire 400 years of the trans-Atlantic
slave trade.

The price for a slave in 1850 in Mississippi was $40,000

(based on constant 1999 dollars). The average price of a
slave today is $80.

One in every six children aged 5 to 17 worldwide is

exploited by child labor.

There are approximately 9 million children involved in

the unconditional worst forms of child labor that we call
slavery.
 A worldwide movement is
now in place

governments, workers
and employers
international agencies,
NGOs and many others
 FINDINGS
Where It Occurs

There are 27 million adult and child slaves in the world today.

246 million children aged 5-17 are child workers throughout

the world.
 FINDINGS
Why Does It Exist?

Poverty: Children who live in extreme poverty are most susceptible to

enslavement.

Tradition: Some parents view their children as property over which

they have the right to control.

Control: Children are attractive slaves because they are easier than
adults to manipulate and control.

Cheap and Replaceable: The average slave today costs less than $100.
Overpopulation in some regions mean there is an abundant supply of
children who are available as slaves.

Physical Size: Because they are smaller than adults, child slaves are
more desirable for certain tasks such as weaving rugs and picking
cocoa.
 FINDINGS
Effect on Children

Health: child slaves are easily replaced; it is more expensive to nurse a

sick child to health than to buy a new slave. Consequently, children
rarely get medical or psychological attention if needed.

Education: child slaves are often denied access to education. Thus,

even if they escape slavery, they do not have the skills necessary for
higher-paying jobs.

Family Ties: child slaves are often separated from their families. Even
if these children escape from slavery, their families still may not
welcome them home.
Child labour in figures (global
estimates 2002) = knowledge
National surveys (50)
( 1998-2002)

Rapid assessments&
Baseline studies (100)
(2000-2003)

246 million child labourers

Worldwide
( age 5-17)

146 million children

Aged 6-11
Majority boys Out of school

Majority girls 283 million children

Aged 12-17 out of school
 FINDINGS
73 million working children are less than 10 years
old.
While buffaloes may cost up to 50,000 rupees ,
children are sold at prices between 15,000 and
20,000 rupees.
41 out of 100 children in Pakistan enrolled in class
I reach class VIII, putting the dropout rate at
52.79%.
Approximately 16.64% of villages in the country do
not have facilities for primary schooling.
42 million children in the age-group 6-14 years do
not attend school in Asia.
 OPINION
"Children are cheaper to run
than tractors and smarter than
oxen," explains one
Rawalpindi landowner. He
prefers field hands between
seven and ten years old,
"because they have the most
energy, although they lack
discipline."
 Children who work long hours,
often in dangerous and unhealthy
conditions, are exposed to lasting
physical and psychological harm.
Working at rug looms, for
example, has left children
disabled with eye damage, lung
disease, stunted growth, and a
susceptibility to arthritis as they
grow older.
Children making silk thread in
India dip their hands into boiling
water that burns and blisters
them, breath smoke and fumes
from machinery, handle dead
worms that cause infections, and
guide twisting threads that cut
their fingers.
 CONCLUSION

By seeing the worst condition of child

labor, it is difficult to finish it
completely but struggle can be made.
 Towards a Global Action Plan
Global goal and targets:
The elimination of all worst forms of child
labour by 2016
To this end, all countries should design and
put in place appropriate time-bound
measures by 2008
There is a need for:
greater national ownership, supported
by employers and workers
organizations
a more vibrant worldwide movement to
put technical tools and frameworks to
optimum use
stepped up efforts to mainstream child
labour elimination into key development
and human rights frameworks (MDGs
and poverty reduction strategies)
Progress and
Challenges in Ending
the Worst Forms of
Child Labour by 2016
Other
regions:
Down from
18.3 to 13.4
million

Latin America Sub-Saharan Asia

and Caribbean Africa and the Pacific

From 17.4 down to From 48 up to 49.3 From 127.3 down to

5.7 million million 122.3 million
Progress has been made in global efforts
to end child labour

Child labour has declined by 11 per cent

over the last four years to 218 million

The more hazardous the work and the

more vulnerable the children involved,
the faster the decline
 Firstly our recommendations to those
children which we have interview.
Most of them joined school but left due
to some reason so they should be
provided with the resources.
If we have expensive education, lack of
teachers and schools then children will
work so theres need to consider this
factor.
 If individually everyone will participate
then it will work to the whole.

Government should make education

free and make such policies to avoid it.

These children were really in bad

condition and they are not earning too
much then what's the purpose?
The poor is hated even of his own
neighbor: but the rich hath many
friends Proverbs 14:20
Key policies in
tackling child labour
concern:
Education
Improved earning
opportunities for
adults (decent work)
Awareness and
understanding
Laws and
enforcement
 RECOMMENDATIONS
What Can You Do?
Educate yourself about Child Slavery.

Contact local, state, and national

politicians for support against Child
Slavery.
Write letters asking for their opinion
on
Child Slavery.

Talk to your parents about Child Slavery.

Educate the adults in your life!.
 RECOMMENDATIONS
What Can You Do?

All Children must attend full-time

formal-day schools.
Any child out of school is a child laborer.
Any justification perpetuating the
existence of child labor must be
condemned.
There must be total abolition of child
labor.
 Its up to us all..

Its the ILO

Its Member States
Its Workers
Its Employers
Its NGOs

And its us you and me.

Together we can reach the goal an end to

child labour in our time