FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH 2 REVIEWER // LAZARO

I BELIEVE WE BELIEVE I. FAITH AND

CCC 26 Humans are called to communion UNDERSTANDING
with God Faith is our response to God. (KNOWLEDGE)
A. FAITH IS CERTAIN all
OB-AUDIRE (Latin) human knowledge is founded on
- To hear, to listen the very words of God who
cannot lie
*Submit freely to the Word that has been
heard, because its truth is guaranteed by B. FAITH SEEKS
God who is the truth himself. UNDERSTANDING opens the
eyes of the heart to a lively
*Anyone who wants to believe needs a understanding of the contents of
heart that is ready to listen. 1 Kings 3:9 revelation

BELIEVE IN GOD II. FREEDOM OF FAITH

- It is a personal adherence to God (FREEDOM AND
- A free assent to the whole truth that VOLUNTARINESS) God gave
God has revealed us freewill

TO BELIEVE IN JESUS CHRIST, THE *FAITH the beginning of eternal

SON OF GOD life (together with face to face with
- For Christians, believing in God God) CCC 163-165
cannot be separated from the One
He sent SYMBOLS OF FAITH
SYMBOLON (Greek)
TO BELIEVE IN THE HOLY SPIRIT - Half of a broken object
- It is the Holy Spirit who reveals to - Sign of recognition and communion
men & women who is Jesus of believers

CHARACTERISTICS OF FAITH (CCC I. APOSTLES CREED

153-165) - The faithful summary of the
1. FAITH IS A GRACE apostles faith
- Man must have the grace of God to - Ancient baptismal symbol of the
be able to move Church of Rome

2. FAITH IS A HUMAN ACT II. NICENO-

- Acts that proceed from the reason
and free will are called PERSONAL
ACTS
a. KNOWLEDGE awareness of the
conditions
b. FREEDOM the power to choose
c. VOLUNTARINESS will-act
CONSTANTINOPOLITAN OR
NICENE CREED
- Used by both Churches in the East
and West
PARTS OF THE CREED
1. FIRST DIVINE PERSON
- The wonderful work of Creation
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2. SECOND DIVINE PERSON
- The mystery of His redemption
3. THIRD DIVINE PERSON
- The origin and source of our
sanctification
LESSON 2
A. I BELIEVE IN GOD THE FATHER
ALMIGHTY
- First affirmation
- Most fundamental part of the Creed
- Speaks to human and the world in
relation to God
ATTRIBUTES OF GOD
I. GOD IS ONE (CCC 27)
- Jesus reveals that He himself is God
- The Church proclaims the Spirit as
Lord and giver of life
- The Church tells that Jesus revealed
God as the One Lord whom we must
love with all our heart, soul, mind,
and strength
II. THE LIVING GOD
- He moves beyond space and time to
put His almighty power at work for
His plan
III. THE NAME OF GOD I AM
WHO I AM
- A name expresses a persons identity
- To give ones name si to make
oneself accessible and capable of
being known intimately and address
personally (Exodus 3:13-15)
IV. YHWH
- The name that expresses the
mystery of God is beyond words or
indescribable
- His name reveals His faithfulness to
His covenant which is everlasting
- ADONAI (Hebrew) = Our Lord
- KYRIOS (Greek) = another term for
Adonai
a. I am the God of your Father.
(past)
b. I am. (present)
c. I will be with you. (future)
V. GOD IS MERCIFUL AND
GRACIOUS
- With regards to the golden calf
story, God continued to express His
goodness to people
VI. GOD ALONE IS TRUTH AND
LOVE
- He is the fullness of Being and every
perfection
- Without origin, without end
- He is Himself everything that He is
a. GOD IS TRUTH
- It is His wisdom which commands
order and governs the world
- He can input knowledge of very
created thing in relation to Himself
b. GOD IS LOVE
- Its compared to a fathers love for
His son
- His love is stronger than a mothers
love for her children
B. IN THE NAME OF THE FATHER,
OF THE SON, AND OF THE HOLY
SPIRIT
- The mystery of the Holy Trinity is
the central mystery of Christian faith
and life
- Center of all mystery, the light that
enlightens them
I. THE FATHER (CCC 238)
- The Church recognizes that many
religions invoke God as Father
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- God is the first origin of everything
and transcendent authority
- He is good and loving to all of His
children
II. THE SON (CCC 240)
- Jesus revealed God as Father not
only in being a Creator
- He is eternally Father in relation to
Son, who is externally Son only in
relation to His Father
III. THE HOLY SPIRIT (CCC 243)
- Before His Passover, Jesus
announced to His disciples that He
will send paracletes (Holy Spirit)
TERMINOLOGIES IN THE DOGMA OF
THE HOLY SPIRIT (CCC 252)
1. SUBSTANCE
- Also called essence or nature
- Designate the divine being in its
unity
2. PERSON OR HYPOSTASIS
- To designate the Father, Son and
Holy Spirit in the real distinction
among them
3. RELATION
- Distinction in the relationship of each
other
THE DOGMA OF THE HOLY TRINITY
(CCC 253-255)
- Revealed truth of the Holy Trinity is
at the root of the Churchs tradition
by means of baptism
- It finds its expression in baptismal
faith, formulated in preaching,
catechesis and prayer of the Church
1. THE TRINITY IS ONE
- The divine persons do not share the
one divinity among themselves but
each of them is God whole and
entire
2. THE DIVINE PERSONS ARE
DISTINCT FROM ONE ANOTHER
- God is one but not solitary
- They are distinct from one another
in relations of origin
3. THEY ARE RELATIVE TO ONE
ANOTHER
- It resides solely in the relationships
which relate them to one another
*Inseparable in what they are, the divine
persons are also inseparable in what they
do. (CCC 267)
LESSON 3 THE CREATOR
CREATION
- The foundation of all Gods saving
plans that culminates in Christ
- Human reasoning ascertains the
existence of God the Creator
- CREATE = to make something out of
nothing
CREATION IS THE WORK OF THE HOLY
TRINITY
- He did this indivisibly together with
God the Son and the Holy Spirit
- Genesis 1:1-2, John 1:1-3
GOD THE CREATOR OF HEAVEN AND
EARTH
- The creation of the world and man is
a witness to His almighty love and
His wisdom
*God created the world out of His wisdom
and love, out of nothing freely, directly
and without any help.
DIVINE PROVIDENCE
- The universe was created in a state
of journeying (instatu viae) toward
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an ultimate perfection yet to be
attained, to which God has destined
- The dispositions by which God
guides His creation toward this
perfection
THE CREATION STORY
GENESIS
- It is the first book in the bible that
means Origin, beginning, source,
and creation
- It is not a scientific book. It does not
give scientific accounts of the origin
of the world and humankind.
MYTH
- Literary form used in the Bible as an
imaginative story that uses
symbolisms to speak about reality
FIRST ACCOUNT OF CREATION
(GENESIS 1:1-2:3)
- The account gives a description on
how God created the universe in six
days and rested on the seventh day.
SECOND ACCOUNT OF
CREATION (GENESIS 2:4-25)
- The account gives a description on
how God created the universe in six
days and rested on the seventh day.
- It emphasizes Gods relationship to
all human being represented by the
figures of Adam and Eve.
- ADAM = Man or human
- EVE = Living for she is symbolically
the mother of all living people.
*THE HUMAN INDIVIDUAL
- Possesses the dignity of a
person; capable of self-
knowledge, self-possession and
of freely giving himself and
entering communion with others
- Called by grace to a covenant
with his Creator, to offer him a
response of faith and love that
no other creature can give
THEOLOGICAL POINTS OF THE FIRST
ACCOUNT OF CREATION
1. God is the origin of everything
especially life.
2. Creation is orderly and good.
3. Humankind is the summit of Gods
creation.
4. Humans are stewards over all
creation.
5. Human sexuality and procreation
belong to the divine order of
creation.
6. Rest is godly. This is the origin of
Sabbath. Gods creative work
includes a rest.
THEOLOGICAL POINTS OF THE
SECOND ACCOUNT
1. THERE IS AN INTIMATE
CONNECTION BETWEEN THE
LAND AND THE HUMAN BEING
- ADAMAH = soil; land
2. THE HUMAN BEING IS BOTH
BODY AND SOUL
- SOUL = innermost aspect of man,
spiritual principle in man
- BODY = animated by the spiritual
soul
- The soul is the form of the Body, the
Body made of matter becomes a
living human body because of the
spiritual soul
- Spirit and matter, in man, are not 2
natures united but forms a single
nature
3. EDEN IS THE ORIGINAL LOCALE
OF HUMAN BEINGS
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- PARADISE = is a picture of harmony
between God and human beings,
one human being with another, of
human beings and the world; the
original state of holiness
- EDEN (Hebrew) = pleasure, Royal
garden
*MAN IN PARADISE
- established a friendship with his
Creator, and with the creation
around him
- original state of justice and holiness
- Work is not seen as burden but
rather a collaboration with God in
perfecting the visible creation
4. HUMANS HAVE THE VOCATION
TO CARE FOR AND CULTIVATE
THE WORLD
- Whatever the man was called, each
of them would be its name
- The power to name possessed by
the one who has power to rule
(Flagan 12)
5. MAN AND WOMAN
COMPLEMENT EACH OTHER
- Woman was not taken from mans
head to be ruled by him nor from his
feet to be trampled by him but from
near his side to walk beside him
MALE AND FEMALE HE
CREATED THEM
A. EACH FOR THE OTHER
- Created to be a communion of
persons, a helpmate to the other,
complementary to one another
- CO CREATORS = forming one flesh
they can transmit human life (CCC
371-372)
B. EQUALITY AND DIFFERENCE
- Good and willed by God
- Both with one and same inalienable
dignity
- In their being
6. HUMAN LOVE AND MARRIAGE
ARE DIVINELY ORDERED
- It is not good for man to be alone
- Man and woman are made for each
other
- Human beings are meant for
community
ANGELS
- ANGELOS (GREEK) = messenger
- With their whole beings, the angels
are servants and messengers of God
- Purely spiritual creatures
- Have intelligence and will
- They are personal and immortal
creatures.
- Christ is the center of the angelic
world - The angels play a major role
in the history of God's dealing with
humans
- From the dawn of creation to the
Incarnation and since the coming of
Christ, angels are more than ever
the messengers of the Good News.
MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT ANGELS
1. FICTION: The word "angel" itself
means something that's very good
or holy.
FACT: "Angel" comes from a Greek
word that was translated from the
Hebrew. It means "messenger." The
word doesn't describe what these
beings are, but what they do - they
deliver.
2. FICTION: Angels are puny, feminine,
and winged. Sometimes they are
naked babies.
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FACT: Angels are spiritual beings
and do not have matter. Therefore,
they do not have bodies on which
wings could attach. What do they
look like? Nothing. They are pure
spirits, and we cannot see them.
3. FICTION: When humans, especially
young children, die and go to
heaven, they become angels.
FACT: Angels and humans are
separate and different beings.
Angels are 100 percent spirits.
Humans are both spirit (soul) and
body. A human being's soul is
immortal; his or her body dies.
When the soul leaves the body at
death, it is not transformed
somehow into an angel.
THE FALL OF ANGELS
- LUCIFER (DEVIL) = "light-bearer,"
one of the seraphim, the highest
choir of angels who see and adore
God directly.
- FALLEN ANGEL (SATAN OR THE
DEVIL) = naturally good but became
evil by their own doing
- Free choice of radical and
irrevocable rejection of God and His
reign.
- It was pride that caused Lucifers
fall.
THE FALL OF MAN
- Tempted by the devil, let his trust
in his Creator die in his heart and,
abusing his freedom, disobeyed
Gods command CCC 397
- Man preferred himself, chose himself
over against God
- Wanted to be like God, but
without God, before God, and not in
accordance with God CCC 398
- TREE OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF
GOOD AND EVIL = symbolically
evokes the insurmountable limits
that man, being a creature, must
freely recognize and respect with
trust. Man is dependent on his
Creator, and subject to the laws of
creation and to the moral norms that
govern the use of freedom.
SIN
- BROKEN RELATIONSHIP
- Humanitys rejection of God and
opposition to Him CCC 386
- Abuse of the freedom that God gives
to created persons so that they can
love him and love one another CCC
387
CONSEQUENCES OF SIN
1. Loss of grace of original holiness
2. Distorted Image of God
3. Destroyed original justice (Harmony)
= Broken harmony with creation
4. Control of souls spiritual faculties
over the body is shattered
5. Lust and dominations between man
and woman
6. Death makes its entrance into
human history.
ORIGINAL SIN
- The first sin transmitted to his
descendants
- The whole human race being in
ADAM (as one body of one man)
represents the whole of human
nature.
- Fallen state
- Transmission of a human nature
deprived of original holiness and
justice
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- A SIN CONTRACTED NOT
COMMITTED A STATE AND NOT
AN ACT
CONCUPISCENCE
- THE HUMAN NATURE IS WOUNDED
NOT CORRUPTED
- Subject to ignorance, suffering and
death
- Inclined to SIN
- Tendency to do evil
- Sins are not carried out because of
evil intent or a corrupted nature
ST. THOMAS AQUINAS
- The reason behind immoral action is
to confuse apparent good with the
real good.
Sinful Social Structures
1. Ignorance of the fact that man has a
wounded nature inclined to evil
gives rise to serious errorsin
morals. Cf. CA 25
2. THE SIN OF THE WORLD =
consequences of original sin and all
of mens personal sins put the whole
world in sinful condition
3. Negative influence exerted on
people by communal situationsthat
are fruit of mens sins. CCC 408
PROTOEVANGELIUM
- FIRST GOSPEL = first
announcement of Messiah and
Redeemer, of a battle between the
serpent and the Woman, and of the
final victory of a descendant of hers.
- NEW ADAM (JESUS) = who is
obedient unto death, even on the
Cross
- WOMAN/ NEW EVE (MARY, THE
MOTHER OF CHRIST) = Mary was
preserved from all stain of original
sin and by the special grace of God
committed no sin during her earthly
life.
1. AND I WILL PUT ENMITY
BETWEEN YOU AND THE
WOMAN AND BETWEEN YOUR
SEED AND HER SEED = Hatred
between the serpent and the
woman. Hostility between the
descendants of Satan and Christ
2. HE SHALL BRUISE YOU ON THE
HEAD = The Devil will ultimately
lose the battle between good and
evil.
3. AND YOU SHALL BRUISE HIM
ON THE HEEL = Crucifixion
CHRISTS REDEMPTION
- Universality of Sin and death
contrasted with the universality of
the salvation of Christ
- As one mans trespass led to
condemnation for all men, so one
mans act of righteousness leads to
acquittal and life for all men
ROMANS 5:18
FIRST CENTURY HERESIES AND THE
CHURCHS RESPONSE
1) COUNCIL: NICEA (325 A.D.)
- Father-Son Relationship
HERESY: ARIANISM by ARIUS
A. God is not generated and cannot
generate; He can only communicate
outside Himself through the "Logos"
or the Word but not within Himself
B. Fatherhood presumes generation
and a generated one and assumes a
change happened to the generator
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ARIANISM
- God cannot be a father to a true and
natural Son since He cannot
generated and be changed
- Thus, He is only a Father in the
sense of a "Maker"; Christ is not
literally God's Son and vice versa but
Jesus is only God's "unique" creation
- there was a time he [Jesus] was
not": Logos does not share Father's
ousia (being)
RESPONSE: Christ is the "only-
begotten Son of the Father
- to distinguish his unique origination
from the Father from the rest of
creation
- other creatures exist because God
wills them to exist but Christ
CANNOT NOT exist; His existence
does not depend on God's freewill
CHRIST IS HOMOOUSIOUS =
same BEING/ESSENCE/SUBSTANCE
with the Father); He is OUT OF THE
SAME BEING with the Father hence
CONSUBSTANTIAL
"GOD FROM GOD" = He is as much
God as the Father yet they are
distinct because one originates and
the other originated
"LIGHT FROM LIGHT" = total
oneness of essence (a light's
radiation is same with its source)
"TRUE GOD OF TRUE GOD" = Son
of God is the perfect mirror of the
Father
"BEGOTTEN NOT MADE" =
profoundest mystery of our faith:
within the Godhead a generation has
been going on from eternity
*The Son together with the Father and the
Spirit is Creator of the universe but Himself
is not made; since He is a Creator, He is not
a creature.
2) COUNCIL: CONSTANTINOPLE I
(381 A.D.)
- Christ as MAN: If Christ has two
perfect natures how is he only one
person? Something of his humanity
must be lacking that his divinity
perfected.
HERESY: APOLLINARIANISM by
APOLLINARIS
A. PLATO'S COMPOSITION OF A
HUMAN BEING as: BODY, SOUL
(that which gives physical life),
SPIRIT (RATIONAL principle of life,
our intellect and will)
B. APOLLINARIAN CHRIST: has
Human Body and Soul but the Spirit
is replaced by the LOGOS which
became Christ's rational principle of
life
C. Thus, Christ's intellect and will is not
finite like the human spirit's = Christ
is consubstantial with the Father but
not with us since he lacks our
human spirit
RESPONSE:
- Affirmed Nicene faith
- A new creed which affirmed the
divinity of Spirit
- FORMULA: two natures (ousia) and
one hypostasis / hypostatic union
- In short: while remaining God, Jesus
took on human life.
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CAPPADOCIAN INFLUENCE: BASIL OF
CAESARIA, GREGORY OF NYSSA AND
GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS:
- Secured proper rel. between Father
and Son = taught that the Son was
fully and equally God, not
subordinate but begotten.
3) COUNCIL: EPHESUS I (431 A.D.)
- Still on the two natures and on Mary
as Theotokos (Mother of God)
HERESY: NESTORIANISM by
NESTORIUS
A. ANTIOCHEAN = which favoured
dividing Christ into two persons
ALEXANDRIAN = which favoured
uniting Christ
B. THEODORE OF MOPSUESTIA
(ANTIOCHEAN)
- divided Christ and distinguished
sharply the two natures
- the union of the divine with human
nature is not an indwelling of God
but only of his good pleasure/special
approval
- Thus, what distinguishes Christ is
not that God dwells in Him but God's
higher or special approval of Him
NESTORIUS ON MARY AS
THEOTOKOS
- Mary cannot be called THEOTOKOS
because she cannot/did not give
birth to a God
- a creature cannot give birth to her
Creator but only a man who is an
instrument of divinity
- Whom Mary conceived and gave
birth to was only a man but after
birth God assumed Him and thus
became to be known as God
because of the one who assumed
- Thus, God did not become man but
only DWELLED in a man as in a
temple
RESPONSE:
A. ON MARY AS THEOTOKOS:
- Mary is indeed the Mother of God: in
the womb, the two natures were
joined without
change/confusion/omission on either
nature
- By this union, Christ underwent birth
according to the flesh from his
mother's womb = whom Mary
conceived and delivered is indeed
God
MARY IS ALSO THEOTOKOS IN
TWO WAYS:
1. She contributed everything to
the formation of Christ's human
nature just like any other
mother.
2. She conceived and bore the
Second Person of the Trinity, not
according to the divine nature
but according to the human
nature the Logos assumed
B. ON THE TWO NATURES:
HYPOSTATIC UNION
- the Word of God was hypostatically
united to flesh and that Christ is one
having his own flesh, that is, one
person who is both God and man
- This means that the two natures in
Christ are united personally, in such
a way that while the source from
which the union was effected was
two distinct natures, which remained
essentially unchanged, the being in
which the union was completed was
one individual/person (Greek,
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HYPOSTASIS), which individual was
divine.
CYRIL OF ALEXANDRIA
- hypostatic union and Mary as
Theotokos.
4) COUNCIL: CHALCEDON (451 A.D.)
- Still on the unity of two natures
HERESY: MONOPHYSITISM by
EUTYCHES and DIOSCORUS
- After the divine nature had been
united to the human in the person of
Christ, the human nature was
merged (engulfed) in the divine,
so that from the moment of his
"incarnation" only a divine nature
remained
- MONOPHYSITISM (GREEK) =
monos one and physis nature
RESPONSE:
A. Flavian, Patriarch of
Constantinople
- called for a Synod to demand that
Eutyches conform to the Church's
faith but he did not and was
excommunicated
B. Pope Leo the Great
- condemns Eutyches and Dioscorus;
accepts Nicene Creed
- THE TOME OF LEO = aka Dogmatic
Letter to Flavian; in support of
Flavian's profession of faith:
o two natures in one
hypostasis, truly man and
truly God
- The Tome was accepted at
Chalcedon and is the most
prominent and extensive papal
teaching embedded in the
ecumenical councils recognized by
all Christendom
*"This is the faith of the Fathers. This is the
faith of the Apostles. This is the faith of all
of us. Peter has spoken through Leo"
WHAT ARE THE ESSENTIALS?
Assumed a real and not just an
apparent body. He was truly born of
a woman.
In becoming human, Christ also
assumed a rational human soul and
spirit, with intellect and will.
The two natures in Christ are united
to form one individual or hypostasis.
Each of the two natures remains
unimpaired, undivided, and whole
without confusion or change in their
properties.
In becoming man, Christ was and
remains true God, consubstantial
with the Father.
As a man, Christ is sinless. He could
not sin because he was God. He was
also free from concupiscence and
unruly passions and free from its
effects such as positive ignorance or
error.
The reason for the Incarnation was
our redemption and salvation.
Mary is not only Christokos but truly
Theotokos since He was born of
Mary in time who is begotten of the
Father in eternity.
Since Christ was one person or
hypostasis, whatever he did (or
does) was (and is) done
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simultaneously by both natures, - Jesus name is invoked in Christian

although in different ways.
TITLES OF JESUS
- TITLE = an appellation of dignity,
honor, distinction, or preeminence
attached to a person or family by
rank, office, precedent, privilege,
attainment, or lands (Merriam
Webster, 2017)
1. JESUS
- YESHUA (HEBREW) = God saves.
- Jesus name indicates his identity
and mission to forgive sins. Through
his paschal mystery, he recapitulates
the whole of salvation history.
- PREFIGURATION OF JESUS
prayers. Some saints have uttered
his name before they died
2. CHRIST
- MESSIAH (HEBREW) = counterpart
of Christ
- the anointed one.
- Christ fulfilled the messianic hope of
Israel in threefold office of priest,
prophet, and king.
o He offered himself for our
transgressions. (PRIESTLY)
o He announced the imminent
passion of the Son of Man.
(PROPHETIC)
o He showed that he came to
serve than to be served.
(KINGLY)

OLD TESTAMENT NEW TESTAMENT

- PREFIGURATION OF JESUS
PRE-EASTER POST-EASTER
FREEDOM: FREEDOM: OLD TESTAMENT NEW TESTAMENT
Liberation Liberation Priests, kings, and Christ was
from Egyptian from the some prophets of anointed by the
Slavery Slavery of Israel Spirit as a
Sin received anointing. Prophet, Priest,
PRE-EASTER POST-EASTER and King.
ATONEMENT: ATONEMENT: *FRANKINCENSE is
The priest Jesus used to anoint a king
sprinkled the became the of Israel?
blood of the sacrificial
sacrificial lamb lamb. By his - MESSIANIC EXPECTATIONS
at the Holy of blood, He - The Christ of the Israelites is too
Holies paid the human and political.
price for the DOMINANT GROUPS EXPECTATIONS
sins of A religious leader
humanity. with excellent
PHARISEES
interpretation of
- Resurrection glorifies the name of the Mosaic Law
A priest from a
the Savior God. Whatever is asked in ESSENES
religious family.
Jesus name will be granted by the A revolutionary
Father. leader who will
ZEALOTS
- Jesus name manifests supreme overthrow the
power. Evil spirits tremble in his Romans.
name. An Earthly King like
OTHER DISCIPLES
David and Solomon.
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3. THE ONLY SON OF GOD
- By virtue of adoption, this title is
given to angels, the chosen people
of Israel, and their kings.
- Jesus IS the only Son of God. By the
word "only" the Church intends to
say that Jesus is singular in that he
is the perfect image of the Father.
BIBLICAL FOUNDATIONS
A. MT 3:16-17 (BAPTISM OF
JESUS)
- As soon as Jesus was baptized, he
went up out of the water. At that
moment heaven was opened, and he
saw the Spirit of God descending like
a dove and alighting on him. And a
voice from heaven said, This is my
Son, whom I love; with him I am
well pleased.
B. MK 9:2-7 (TRANSFIGURATION)
- And he was transfigured before
them, and his clothes became
dazzling white, such as no fuller on
earth could bleach them. Then Elijah
appeared to them along with Moses,
and they were conversing with
Jesus. Then Peter said to Jesus in
reply, Rabbi, it is good that we are
here! Let us make three tents: one
for you, one for Moses, and one for
Elijah. He hardly knew what to say,
they were so terrified. Then a cloud
came, casting a shadow over them;
then from the cloud came a voice,
This is my beloved Son. Listen to
him.
C. MK 15:37-39 (CRUCIFIXION)
- Jesus gave a loud cry and breathed
his last. The veil of the sanctuary
was torn in two from top to bottom.
When the centurion who stood
facing him saw how he breathed his
last he said, Truly this man was the
Son of God!
4. LORD
- YHWH (HEBREW) = is the
counterpart of Lord
- ADONAI AND KYRIOS = substituted
for this ineffable Hebrew name.
POST-EASTER
- This title is used for both the Father
and the Son; this is to affirm the
power, glory, and honor that is due
to them.
- In the gospels, this title testifies
respect and trust to Jesus help and
healings.
POST-EASTER
- The title becomes an adoration.
- In Christian prayers, this title is
invoked either as invitation or
conclusion.
LESSON 4 ARTICLE 3 PAR. 1:
HE WAS CONCEIVED BY THE POWER
OF THE HOLY SPIRIT, BORN OF THE
VIRGIN MARY
- The Word Became Flesh for
FOR US MEN AND FOR OUR
SALVATION.
o To save us and reconcile us
with God
o That we might know Gods
love.
o That we may have our model
of holiness.
o To make us partakers of the
divine nature.
- INCARNATION = The fact that
the Son of God assumed a
human nature to accomplish our
salvation in it.
- Jesus is 100% True God and
100% True Man (CCC, 464-469)
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- Though he was in the form of
God(he) emptied himself,
taking the form of a servant,
being born in the likeness of
men. ST. PAUL
EXCURSUS: WHAT IS AN ECUMENICAL
COUNCIL?
- A gathering of Church
representatives, and especially of
official leaders (Bishops) who
have the authority to make joint
decisions regarding Church
doctrines and disciplines that are
binding.
HELPFUL TERMS:
HYPOSTASIS (GREEK)
- to stand under
- A reality existing by itself
SUBSTANSIA (LATIN)
- to stand under
- A reality existing by itself
OUSIA
- to be, being
- Being, distinct entity, nature
HOMOOUSIOS
- same being
- One in being, consubstantial
PROSOPON (GREEK)
- Face, countenance
- Concrete appearance, person,
individual substance of a rational
creature
PERSONA (LATIN)
- Character, individual
- Concrete appearance, person,
individual substance of a rational
creature
THEOTOKOS
- God-bearer
- Mother of God
CHRISTOTOKOS
- Christ bearer
- Mother of Christ
LESSON 5 MARIAN DOGMAS
MARY, THE MOTHER OF GOD
- What the Catholic faith believes
about Mary is based on what it
believes about Christ, and what
it teaches about Mary illumines
in turns its faith in Christ.
- PUEBLO AMANTE DE MARIA =
a people in love with Mary
meaning (Bayang sumisinta kay
Maria.)
- The typically Filipino approach to
Christ, therefore, is with and
through Mary
- She was a young Jewish woman
betrothed to Joseph but
conceived Jesus through the
power of the Holy Spirit. Mary as
Favored one (LK 1;30); Called
graced and blessed by
Elizabeth
MARY IN THE GOSPELS
- VATICAN II = Calls Mary as the
exceptional daughter of
humanity
- An extraordinary woman who
became the Mother of Christ
MARY IS THE WOMAN OF FAITH
- To believe means to abandon
oneself to the truth of the Word
of God
- Mary entrusted herself with full
submission
- MARYS FIAT = Behold I am
the handmaid of the Lord; Let it
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be done unto me according to
your word
- THE MAGNIFICAT = Is a grateful
praise to God, summing up
Marys faith and portraying the
God who she believes. Mary
acknowledges her humble
unknown beginnings, that she is
among the poor and the lowly
and yet she has become blessed.
She remained obedient to Gods
will.
- The Canticle of Mary (LUKE 1:46-
55)
MARY AS EVANGELIZER
- Mary went out in haste to visit
Elizabeth
- She is presented as the bearer of
the Good News.
- She initiated the proclamation of
the Gospel to the world
MARY AS ASSOCIATE OF JESUS IN
SUFFERING
- Simeon told Mary Behold this
child is set for the fall and rising
of many and will be a sign that
is spoken against and a sword
shall pierce your heart, too (LK
2:34-35).
- Through faith, Mary shares in
the death of her son.
MARY AS INTERCESSOR
- Mary assumed a teaching
function to the Christian
community.
- She believes in Jesus, listened
and obeyed the Words of Jesus
and ask others to do the same
- Do whatever he tells you
(JOHN 2:5)
MARY AS MOTHER OF JESUS
DISCIPLES
- Marys motherhood is replaced
by her identity
- Mothers of believers in the
community of Jesus disciples
- To the disciple he said, There is
your mother from that moment
the disciple took Mary into his
care (JOHN 19:27)
- Luke emphasized Marys
presence during the founding
moment of the Christian
community when the Holy Spirit
consecrated her to fulfill her
mission.
- She became part of this
community of Jesus disciples
(ACTS 1:12-14, 2:1-4)
- Mary is held up as an example
to the faithful for the way in
which in her own particular life
she fully and responsibly
accepted the word of God and
did it. She is worthy of imitation
because she was the first and
most perfect of Christs
disciples. - POPE PAUL VI
FOUR DOGMAS OF MARY
- The Marian Dogmas speak of
Mary's personal relationship with
God and her role in human
salvation.
I. DIVINE MOTHERHOOD
- Mary's divine motherhood was
proclaimed at the Council of
Ephesus in 431.Various names
are used to describe Mary's role
as mother of Jesus. She is called
"Mother of God" which translates
the more accurately stated greek
term "Theotokos" or "Birthgiver
of God."
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- SCRIPTURAL FOUNDATIONS:
o Behold you will conceive in
your womb and bear a son,
and you shall name him
Jesus. He will be great and
will be called Son of the Most
High, LUKE 1:31-32
o When the designated time
had come, God sent forth His
Son, born of a womanthat
we might receive our status
as adopted - GAL 4: 4-5
- Everything we know and revere
about Mary, then, depends upon
her unique, God-given vocation
to be the Mother of God and of
the Redeemer. This doctrine is
expressed every time we pray
the Hail Mary: Holy Mary, Mother
of God.
- FEAST DAY January 1
II. PERPETUAL VIRGINITY
- Although never explicated in
detail, the Catholic Church holds
as dogma that Mary was and is
Virgin before, in and after
Christ's birth
- It stresses thus the radical
novelty of the Incarnation and
Mary's no less radical and
exclusive dedication to her
mission as mother of her Son,
Jesus Christ.
o Marys conception of Christ
(VIRGINITAS ANTE
PARTUM)
o Her giving birth to Christ
(VIRGINITAS IN PARTU)
o Her remaining a virgin after
the birth of Christ
(VIRGINITAS POST
PARTUM)
- Vatican II reiterated the teaching
about Mary, the Ever-Virgin, by
stating that Christ's birth did not
diminish Mary's virginal integrity
but sanctified it. The virginity
does not prevent the childbirth,
nor does the childbirth destroy
virginity.
- The Catechism of the Catholic
Church ponders the deeper
meaning of the virgin bride and
perpetual virginity (499-507)
- It also maintains that Jesus
Christ was Mary's only child. The
so called "brothers and sisters"
are close relations.
- Scriptural Foundation
o Behold, the virgin shall be
with child and bear a son.
MT. 1:23
o The Church has confessed
that Jesus was conceived
solely by the power of the
Holy Spirit in the womb of
the Virgin Mary. (CCC #496)
o The gospel accounts
understand the virginal
conception of Jesus as a
divine work that surpasses all
human understanding and
possibility (CCC #497)
III. IMMACULATE CONCEPTION
- POPE PIUS IX On Dec 8, 1854,
proclaimed the Blessed Mother
as Immaculate Conception.
- The dogma of the Immaculate
Conception states "that the most
Blessed Virgin Mary, from the
first moment of her conception,
by a singular grace and privilege
from Almighty God and in view
of the merits of Jesus Christ, was
kept free of every stain of
original sin.
- The dogma declares that from
her beginning Mary was
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exceptionally holy and in

constant union with the
sanctifying grace of the Holy
Spirit.
- FEAST DAY December 8
- Scriptural Foundation
o Genesis 3:15
o Gabriel announces that Mary
is full of grace (Luke 1:28).
If Mary is full of grace it
follows that she is without sin
(note how the angel does not
call Mary by her name, but
rather by a title, saying:Hail,
full of grace and the angel
is Gods messenger).

IV. ASSUMPTION
- The dogma states that "Mary,
Immaculate Mother of God ever
Virgin, after finishing the course
of her life on earth, was taken
up in body and soul to heavenly
glory."
- In heaven, Mary's active
involvement in salvation history
continues: "Taken up to heaven,
she did not lay aside her salvific
duty... By her maternal love she
cares for the brothers and sisters
of her Son who still journey on
earth" (LG).
- Mary is the "eschatological icon
of the Church" (CCC 972),
meaning the Church
contemplates in Mary her own
- With her Assumption to join her
Son, the Risen Christ, in the
fullness of her personality, Mary
reveals the fullness of Gods
redeeming work for all of us, a
sign of certain hope and comfort
to the pilgrim People of God.
(CFC #524)
- FEAST DAY: August 15