ROUTINE TESTS FOR CURRENT TRANSFORMER

The following tests are to be carried out on routine basis:

1. Verification of terminal marking and polarity.

2. Power Frequency test on Primary Winding, Partial discharge measurement.
3. Power Frequency test on Secondary windings.
4. Over Voltage Inter Turn test.
5. Measurement of Secondary Winding Resistance.
6. Demagnetization test.
7. Excitation current test.
8. Measurement of Composite Error for P class cores
9. Determination of accuracy.

1.1 SPECIAL TEST

10. Measurement of capacitance and Di-electric dissipation factor (Tan delta).

1.2 REFERENCE STANDARDS

1. IS 2705 (1992)

2. IEC - 60044 -1 (2003)

3. BS 3938 (1973)

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VERIFICATION OF TERMINAL MARKINGS AND POLARITY:

The terminal markings of the CT should be verified as per the customer approved drawings.

Polarity test is done while doing determination of error test. If the polarity is incorrect the Transformer
accuracy bridge will show Reverse Polarity.

Acceptance criterion:

The error values are to be displayed. If the polarity reverse the meter will display Reverse Polarity

Purpose:

To know in phase of flow of current in secondary with respect to the primary.

HIGH VOLTAGE POWER FREQUENCY TEST ON PRIMARY WINDING AND

PARTIAL DISCHARGE TEST. IEC 44 -1 Cl

CONNECTION DIAGRAM:

Make the connections as shown above.

Ensure the CT secondary terminals and ground terminals are solidly grounded.

Connect C terminal of the CT to ground. Ensure proper connection of primary to HV source.

Increase the voltage to specified power frequency voltage & maintain it for one minute. Decrease the
voltage to pre-stress level i.e. 80 % of power frequency voltage and maintain it for one min. Decrease the
voltage to Highest system voltage & note down the PD value further decrease the voltage to
1.2 Um / /3 & note down the PD value.

If the CT has more than one primary winding all the primary terminals to be shorted before HV & PD test.

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 In case of Primary Reconnection type of CTs apply specified voltage between section of primary
windings for one minute as mentioned below as a additional test.
3 kV r.m.s as per IS 2705 (1992) & IEC 60044-1 (2003)
2 kV r.m.s as per BS 3938 (1973)
If necessary suitable aluminium shield to be mounted on the dome/top tank/collar to avoid corona
during HV and PD test.
Any repetition of P.F. voltage test to be done at 80 % of the specified level. In case repetition
of the PD test , pre-stress voltage to be applied before measuring PD.

Acceptance criterion:

CT should withstand the applied PF test voltage without any flash over.
Measured Partial Discharge values should be less than 5 pC at 1.2 x Um /3 & 10 pC at Um Voltage. Um =
HSV

Purpose:

To check the P.F. voltage withstand level with respect to BIL of the system.
To check the Internal ionization caused by loose connections & any voids inside the CT

MEASUREMENT OF SECONDARY WINDING RESISTANCE:

Measure the winding resistance at ambient temperature.

Correct the measured secondary resistance to 75 C by using the formula given below.
(234.5 + 75) x Rct
R75 =
234.5 + 1

Where 1 = Ambient temperature in deg. C

Rct = Secondary winding resistance at ambient temperature

Acceptance criterion:

The corrected R 75 values should be less than specified limits.

Purpose:
To know CT internal burden for protection windings.

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DEMAGNETISATION OF CURRENT TRANSFORMER;

CONNECTION DIAGRAM:

Connect the CT each secondary core to the source one by one.

Increase the source voltage gradually as follows:
For metering core for each tap pass the rated secondary current with & without compensating
coil (If applicable) about 4 - 5 times.
For P class cores apply the secondary limiting voltage (Vsel) & slowly reduce it to zero
about 4 5 times.
For PS or X class cores apply the specified knee point voltage & slowly reduce it to
zero about 4 5 times.
Do not exceed rated secondary current of the CT. While doing the test on one winding all other
secondary windings and primary winding should be open circuited.
This test is to be carried out for CT after the DC application. i.e. IR value, Polarity test, Rct measurement.

Purpose: To nullify the effect of residual magnetism caused by DC current / voltage.

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EXCITATION CURRENT TEST:

CONNECTION DIAGRAM:

This test is to be carried out for PS or X class CTs.

The secondary cores should be demagnetized before this test.
A gradual increase in sinusoidal voltage at rated frequency should be applied of specified knee point
voltage up to 10% more than the specified knee point voltage. For each step note down the excitation
current in mA.
Ensure that the specified knee point voltage (Vk) is lesser than the actual knee point voltage. This can be
decided by seeing the excitation current reading at Vk and 1.1 Vk i.e. the rise in current from Vk to 1.1 Vk
should be less than 50 %. The measured Excitation current at Vk should be less than or equal to guaranteed
value.
Ensure proper earthing of supply transformer and open circuit of all secondary and primary windings.

Acceptance criterion:

The raise in excitation current measured from 1.0 VK to 1.1 VK should be less than 50 %
At specified knee point voltage excitation current should be less than specified as per approved drg./GTP
Purpose:
To know the V-I characteristics of the CT secondary core.

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DETERMINATION OF COMPOSITE ERROR FOR P CORES

Connection diagram is same as clause 7. Connect only P class cores to the source and keep open all
secondary and primary winding.
Calculate the secondary limiting emf as per the formula given below:

Vsecl = (ALF * Is ) {(Rb + R75) + (Xb) }

Where ALF = Accuracy limiting factor
Is = Rated Secondary current (A)
Rb = Burden resistance () = (VA/(Is) ) 0.8
Xb = Burden reactance () = (VA/(Is) ) 0.6
R75 = CT secondary resistance corrected to 75C.
Apply the secondary limiting emf ( Vsel )and note down the corresponding excitation current in Ampere.
Determine the composite the error by using the formula given below:

% C.E = Excitation current in amps. X 100

Rated secondary current x ALF

The calculated value should be within guaranteed value.

Acceptance criterion :

Composite error ( % ) should be less than standard requirement/customer specified limits.

Purpose: To know the characteristics of the core during the flow of fault current.

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DETERMINATION OF ACCURACY:

CONNECTION DIAGRAM:

Connect the standard CT (N) and test CT (X) as shown above .CAUTION: The secondary winding
which is not under test should be short circuited.
Increase the input voltage gradually so as to pass the required current through the primary K-L and P1- P2.
This current will be indicated as a percentage of the Rated current (%In) in the transformer accuracy
bridge.
Note down the ratio error (R.E%) and Phase displacement error (P.E in Minutes).
Ensure proper burden (output) is connected to the test CT i.e as specified by the customer. After increasing
the current to the required level decrease the current slowly. Never switch of the supply suddenly.
Metering CT : For 0.5 and 1.0 class conduct the % RE and PDE from 20 % to 120 % or up to the
extended primary current specified by the customer at 25 % and 100 % burden. For accuracy less than 0.5,
conduct the % RE and PDE from 5 % , 20% , 100% , 120% or up to the specified extended current at 25 %
and 100% burden. The measured values should be within claimed accuracy class.

Note : while doing accuracy test as a type test the procedure mentioned for less than 0.5%
accuracy to be followed.
P- class cores: Measure the % RE and PDE at rated current and burden.
PS or X class core : Measure the % RE by TRE Method
Important points to be noted while doing accuracy test are as follows:
Set the ratio of the standard CT in line with test CT correctly.
Short circuit the secondary cores which are not under test before this test.

Acceptance criterion:

The measured accuracy values should be within class of accuracy / standard requirement & as per customer
specification.

Purpose:

To know the accuracy of each type of core to eliminate the errors in measuring / protection system.

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HIGH VOLTAGE POWER FREQUENCY TEST ON SECONDARY WINDING

CONNECTION DIAGRAM:

Short circuit all the secondary windings individually and connect the HV terminal of the HV breakdown
tester to any one winding. Connect all remaining secondary windings which are not under test to ground
along with ground terminal of the HV breakdown tester.
Apply specified voltage for one minute. Repeat the above procedure for all cores.
Apply 3kV r.m.s as per IS 2705 (1992) , IEC 60044-1 (2003)
Apply 2kV r.m.s as per AS 1675 (1986) , BS 3938 (1973), CAN3- C13-M83
As per GTP & customer specification, whichever is applicable.

Acceptance criterion:
There should not be any disruptive discharge during the test

Purpose :

To check the PF voltage withstand level of the Secondary winding of Transformer.

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OVER VOLTAGE INTER TURN TEST :

CONNECTION DIAGRAM:

Short circuit all secondary windings which are not under test. Connect Peak voltmeter across the full
winding under test. Connect one end of the peak voltmeter to ground.

Pass the current through the primary winding in such a way that the induced voltage across the secondary
winding should be the specified voltage. Maintain the same for one minute.
4.5 kV peak - as per IS 2705 (1992) , IEC 60044-1 (2003)
Ten times the rated knee point e.m.f or 10 kV peak which ever is low as per AS 1675
(1986), BS 3938 (1973) , CAN3- C13-M83
If primary injection method is not possible then secondary injection method is to be followed in line with
procedure mentioned in relevant standards.

Acceptance criterion:
There should not be any disruptive discharge during the test

Purpose:

To check inter turn insulation of the secondary winding.

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