Chapter 11

Discovering Computers
Technology in a World of Computers,

Mobile Devices, and the Internet
Chapter 11
Information and
Data Management
Objectives Overview
Define the term,

Define the term, data
database, and explain Discuss the terms
integrity, and describe
how a database character, field, record,
the qualities of valuable
interacts with data and and file
information
information
Describe file Differentiate between

maintenance the file processing
techniques and approach and the
validation techniques database approach
See Page 464 2

for Detailed Objectives Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11
Objectives Overview
Describe characteristics of
Discuss the functions
relational, object-
common to most
oriented, and Discuss web databases
database management
multidimensional
systems
databases
Identify database design

guidelines and understand Describe various
the responsibilities of information systems used
database analysts and in an enterprise
administrators
See Page 464 3

for Detailed Objectives Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11
Databases, Data, and Information
Database Data Information
Collection of Collection of Processed data

data organized unprocessed Organized
in a manner items Meaningful
that allows Text Useful
access, Numbers
retrieval, and
Images
use of that
data Audio
Video
Page 464 4
Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 11
Page 465 5
Figure 11-1
Database software, often called a database

management system (DBMS), allows users to:
Create a computerized Add, modify, and

database delete data
Create forms and

Sort and retrieve data
reports from the data
Page 464 6
Data integrity reflects the quality of the data

The more errors the data contains, the lower its
integrity
Data integrity is important because computers and
people use information to make decisions and take
actions
Page 466 7
Valuable information should have the following

characteristics:
Accurate Verifiable Timely Organized
Accessible Useful Cost-effective
Pages 466 - 467 8

Data is organized in layers

Files, records, fields, characters
Pages 467 - 468 9

Figure 11-2
A character is one byte

Numbers, letters, space,
punctuation marks, or
other symbols
A field is a combination
of one or more related
characters
Field name
Field size
Data type
Page 468 10
Figure 11-3
Common data types include:
Text Number AutoNumber Currency
Date Memo Yes/No Hyperlink
Object Attachment
Page 469 11
A record is a group of related fields

A primary key is a field that uniquely identifies each record
A data file is a collection of related records
Page 469 12
Figure 11-4
File maintenance refers to the procedures that

keep data current
Adding Modifying
records records
Deleting
records
Page 470 13
Users add new records to a file when they obtain

new data
Pages 470 - 471 14

Figure 11-5
Users generally modify a record to correct

inaccurate data or update old data
Pages 471 - 472 15

Figure 11-6
When a record no longer is needed, a user deletes

it from a file
Page 472 16
Figure 11-7
Validation compares data with a set of rules or

values to find out if the data is correct
Alphabetic/Numeric
Range check Consistency check
check
Completeness check Check digit Other checks
Pages 473 - 474 17

File Processing Versus Databases
File processing system Database approach
Each department has its Programs and users share

own set of files data
Have data redundancy Reduced data redundancy
Isolate data Improved data integrity
Shared data
Easier access
Reduced development
time
Pages 476 - 477 18

File Processing Versus Databases
Page 476 19
Figure 11-9
Database Management Systems
A data dictionary contains data about each file in

the database and each field in those files
Page 478 20
Figure 10-10
A DBMS provides several tools that allow users

and programs to retrieve and maintain data in the
database Query language
Query by example
Form
Report writer
Page 479 21
A query language consists of simple, English-like statements that

allow users to specify the data to display, print, store, update, or
delete
Structured Query Language (SQL) is a popular query language that
allows users to manage, update, and retrieve data
Many DBMSs provide tools to guide nontechnical users through
the steps of creating a query
Page 480 22
Page 480 23
Figure 11-12
Most DBMSs include query by example (QBE), a

feature that has a graphical user interface to assist
users with retrieving data
Page 481 24
Figure 11-13
A form is a window on the screen that provides areas for

entering or modifying data in a database
A report writer allows users to design a report on the
screen, retrieve data into the report design, and then
display or print the report
Page 481 25
Figure 11-14
A DBMS provides means to

ensure that only authorized
users access data
Access privileges
Principle of least privilege policy
Page 482 26
A DMBS provides a variety of techniques to

restore the database to a usable form in case it is
damaged or destroyed
Backup Log
Recovery Continuous
utility backup
Page 482 27
Relational, Object-Oriented, and
Multidimensional Databases
A data model defines how users view the
organization of the data
Page 483 28
Table 11-2
A relational database
stores data in tables
that consist of rows and
columns
Each row has a primary
key
Each column has a
unique name
A relationship is a link
within the data
Pages 483 - 484 29

Figure 11-15
An object-oriented database (OODB) stores data
in objects
Examples of applications appropriate for an
object-oriented database include:
Media Groupware
database database
CAD
database
Pages 484 - 485 30
A multidimensional
database can store data in
more than two dimensions
of data
Sometimes known as a
hypercube
Can consolidate data much
faster than a relational
database
A data warehouse is a huge
database that stores and
manages the data required
to analyze historical and
current transactions
Pages 485 486 31

Figure 11-17
Web Databases
The web offers information about:

Television
Jobs Travel Destinations
programming
Local and
Photos Movies Videos national
weather
Sporting Legislative
events information
Page 486 32
Database Administration
Database analysts and administrators are responsible

for managing and coordinating all database activities
Database Administrator (DBA)
Database Analyst (DA) Creates and maintains the data
Decides on proper placement of dictionary, manages security of
fields, defines data relationship, the database, monitors the
and identifies users access performance of the database,
privileges and checks backup and recovery
procedures
Page 489 33
Information Systems in the Enterprise
An information system is a set of hardware,

software, data, people, and procedures that work
together to produce information
Page 491 34
Table 11-3
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) integrates

MRP II with the information flow across an
organization to manage and coordinate the
ongoing activities of the enterprise, including
product planning, manufacturing and distribution,
accounting and finance, sales, human resources,
and customer support
Page 491 35
Page 492 36
Figure 11-18
A document management system (DMS) allows

for storage and management of a companys
documents, such as word processing documents,
presentations, and spreadsheets
A content management system (CMS) enables
and manages the publishing, modification,
organization, and access of various forms of
documents and other files, including media and
webpages, on a network or the web
Pages 492 - 493 37
A transaction processing system (TPS) is an

information system that captures and processes
data from day-to-day business activities
Pages 493 494 38

Figure 11-19
A management information system (MIS) is an information system

that generates accurate, timely, and organized information, so that
managers and other users can make decisions, solve problems,
supervise activities, and track progress
Pages 494 495 39

Figure 11-20
A decision support system (DSS) helps users

analyze information and make decisions
Page 495 40
Figure 11-21
An expert system is an information system that

captures and stores the knowledge of human
experts and then imitates human reasoning and
decision making
Page 496 41
Figure 11-22
Summary
How data and

Methods for Assessing the
information are
maintaining high- quality of valuable
valuable assets to
quality data information
an organization
Advantages of Roles of the

Various types of
organizing data in a database analysts
databases
database and administrators
Information
Database design
systems used in an
guidelines
enterprise
Page 497 42
Discovering Computers
Technology in a World of Computers,
Mobile Devices, and the Internet
Chapter 11
Information and
Data Management
Chapter 11 Complete

Chapter 11

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Descrizione originale:

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Chapter 11

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Discovering Computers

Technology in a World of Computers,

Define the term,

Describe file Differentiate between

See Page 464 2

Identify database design

See Page 464 3

Database Data Information

Collection of Collection of Processed data

Database software, often called a database

Create a computerized Add, modify, and

Create forms and

Data integrity reflects the quality of the data

Valuable information should have the following

Accurate Verifiable Timely Organized

Accessible Useful Cost-effective

Pages 466 - 467 8

Data is organized in layers

Pages 467 - 468 9

A character is one byte

Common data types include:

Text Number AutoNumber Currency

Date Memo Yes/No Hyperlink

A record is a group of related fields

File maintenance refers to the procedures that

Users add new records to a file when they obtain

Pages 470 - 471 14

Users generally modify a record to correct

Pages 471 - 472 15

When a record no longer is needed, a user deletes

Validation compares data with a set of rules or

Completeness check Check digit Other checks

Pages 473 - 474 17

File processing system Database approach

Each department has its Programs and users share

Pages 476 - 477 18

A data dictionary contains data about each file in

A DBMS provides several tools that allow users

A query language consists of simple, English-like statements that

Most DBMSs include query by example (QBE), a

A form is a window on the screen that provides areas for

A DBMS provides means to

A DMBS provides a variety of techniques to

Pages 483 - 484 29

Pages 485 486 31

The web offers information about:

Database analysts and administrators are responsible

An information system is a set of hardware,

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) integrates

A document management system (DMS) allows

A transaction processing system (TPS) is an

Pages 493 494 38

A management information system (MIS) is an information system

Pages 494 495 39

A decision support system (DSS) helps users

An expert system is an information system that

How data and

Advantages of Roles of the

Potrebbero piacerti anche