EXPERIMENT NO.

2
MEASUREMENT OF DENSITY OF AN SOLID OBJECT
NAME 1. Prado, Mon Patrick M. DATE PERFORMED: SCORE:
2.Publico Jerome R. 8/7/2017
3.Rivera Kristian A. DATE SUBMITTED
4.Rion Daniel S.A. 8/9/2017
INSTRUCTOR:
SECTION 57045
Engr. Lester Alfred M. Olasiman
GROUP # 5

I. OBJECTIVE:
The activity aims to determine the density and specific gravity of a solid object using water
displacement method.
II. LEARNING OUTCOME (LO):

The students shall be able to:

1. Understand the concepts of mass, volume and density of an solid object.

2. Calculate density of a solid heavier than water by measuring its mass and volume.
3. Interpret data and relate result to governing scientific principle.
4. Develop professional work ethics, including precision, neatness, safety and ability to
follow instruction.

III. DISCUSSION:

All matter has mass and volume. Mass and volume are the physical properties of matter and
may vary with different objects. The amount of matter contained in an object is called mass. Its
measure is usually given in grams (g) or kilograms (kg). Volume is the amount of space occupied by
an object. The units for volume including liters (l), meters cube (m3), and gallons (gal).
Most of the substances expand on heating and contract on cooling, but the mass remaining
constant for all cases. The density of most of the substances decreases with the increase in
temperature and increases with decrease in temperature. But water contracts when cooled up to 40
C but expands when cooled further below 40 C. Thus, the density of water is maximum at 40 C.
Volume is a measure of the amount of space an object takes up. When a cylinder is submerged
in the water it pushes water out of the way. If you measure the amount the water level increases, you
can find the volume of the water pushed out of the way.
 Figure 1. Volume Displacement Method

IV. MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT:

QUANTITY ITEM
1 Beaker
5 Solid object
1 Weighing Scale
5 Different Liquid

V. PROCEDURE:
Safety Procedure:
Since safety is the most important, the following procedure are the safety measures which have
been practiced upon conducting the experiment:
1. Never perform unauthorized work, preparations or experiments
2. Wear the laboratory gown upon performing the experiment in order to avoid getting dirt
from the liquids used in the experiment.
3. Use gloves and proper eye protection if necessary.
4. It is prohibited to bring or to use flammable liquids (i.e. gasoline, alcohol, etc.) which
may be a cause of fire upon conducting the experiment.
5. After the experiment clean all the apparatus and equipment used during experiment.
Experiment Procedure:
Follow the step by step procedure during experiment.
1. Find the mass of a substance using a digital weighing scale. But it must be calibrated
first, its surface must be smooth and no residues of water spills to avoid any corrections
in weighing a specific object. And measure the given materials of the experiment include
also measurement of the the mass of the beaker in the water.

Figure 2 Calibration of digital weighing scale

Figure 3 weigh the given material

 Figure 4 Weight of the water

2. Fill a Beaker with large enough to hold the insoluble, irregular solid based on the given
materials in this experiment. Submerged the given object to the water to a measured
level. Record the volume of the water and its displacement.

Figure 5 Submerge materials

3. Submerge the solid in the graduated cylinder's water. Tap the beaker to allow trapped
air bubbles to escape for less errors in calculating the Final volume of the submerge
materials. Record the volume of the water and the submerged object

Figure 6 Measuring displacement of the submerge material

4. For computing the final volume of the submerge material subtract the volume of the
water from the volume of the water with the submerged object. For example, if the water
volume initially was 6 milliliters and, after the object was submerged, measured 8
milliliters, then the volume of the object is 2 milliliters.
5. Divide the initial mass measurement by the volume to determine the density of the
object. For example, if the mass of the object measured 4 grams and the volume
measured 2 milliliters, then the density is 2 grams per milliliter or 2g/ml.
6. Repeat the process for 3 trials per object.

Figure 7 Repeat trials for every material

VI. DATA AND RESULT:

MATERIAL 1: Rock LIQUID: Tap Water

MASS INITIAL VOLUME FINAL VOLUME

TRIAL DENSITY
(grams) (mL) (mL)

1 144.35 280 130 1.11g/mL

2 86.86 280 655 0.133g/mL
3 339.7 280 656 0.52g/mL
4 11.2 280 710 0.157g/mL
5 131.31 280 755 0.174g/mL

MATERIAL 2: Tiles LIQUID: Tap Water

MASS INITIAL VOLUME FINAL VOLUME

TRIAL DENSITY
(grams) (mL) (mL)

1 29.04 300 5 5.08g/mL

2 60.09 300 18 3.34g/mL
3 84.51 300 25 3.38g/mL
4 109.23 300 35 3.21g/mL
5 151.31 300 56 2.702g/mL

MATERIAL 3: Piece of Steel LIQUID: Tap Water

MASS INITIAL VOLUME FINAL VOLUME

TRIAL DENSITY
(grams) (mL) (mL)

1 247 340 40 6.157g/mL

2 496 340 75 6.613g/mL
3 746 340 100 7.146g/mL
4 996 340 140 7.114g/mL
5 1240 340 175 0.864g/mL
MATERIAL 4: Stainless LIQUID: Tap Water

MASS INITIAL VOLUME FINAL VOLUME

TRIAL DENSITY
(grams) (mL) (mL)

1 157 360 22 6.175g/mL

2 189.11 360 35 6.613g/mL
3 243.37 360 40 7.146g/mL
4 231.67 360 55 7.114g/mL
5 420.85 360 58 0.864g/mL

MATERIAL 5: Marble LIQUID: Tap Water

MASS INITIAL VOLUME FINAL VOLUME

TRIAL DENSITY
(grams) (mL) (mL)

1 41.45 340 15 7.34g/mL

2 93.69 340 20 5.40g/mL
3 142.42 340 50 6.08g/mL
4 183.19 340 65 4.212g/mL
5 229.33 340 85 7.256g/mL
VII. COMPUTATIONS:

TRIAL MASS FINAL VOLUME DENSITY

(ROCK) (grams) (mL) =

1 144.35 130
1 =
144.35
130 = 1.11/

2 86.86 655 2 = 86.86655 = 0.133/

3 339.7 656
3 =
339.7
656 = 0.52/

4 111.2 710 111.2

4 = 710 = 0.157/

5 131.31 755 131.31

5 = 755 = 0.174/

TRIAL MASS FINAL VOLUME DENSITY

(TILES) (grams) (mL) =

1 29.04 5 29.04
1 = 5 = 5.08 /

2 60.09 18 2 =
60.09 g
18 = 3.34/

3 84.51 25 3 =
84.51
25 = 3.38/

4 109.23 35 109.23
4 = 35 = 3.121/

5 151.31 56 5 =
151.31
56 = 2.702/
 TRIAL MASS FINAL VOLUME DENSITY
(STEEL) (grams) (mL) =

1 247 40 247
1 = 40 = 6.175 /

2 496 75 2 =
496 g
75 = 6.613/

3 746 100 746

3 = 100 = 7.46/

4 996 140 996

4 = 140 = 7.114/

5 1240 175 5 =
151.31
175 = 0.864/

TRIAL MASS FINAL DENSITY

(STAINLESS) (grams) VOLUME (mL) =

1 157 22 1 =
157
22 = 7.34 /

2 189.11 35 2 =
189.11 g
35 = 5.40 /

3 243.37 40 243.37
3 = 40 = 6.08/

4 231.67 55 231.67
4 = 55 = 4.212/

5 420.85 58 5 =
420.85
58 = 7.256/
 TRIAL MASS FINAL DENSITY
(MARBLE) (grams) VOLUME (mL) =

1 41.45 15 1 =
41.45
15 = 2.76 /

2 93.69 20 2 =
93.69 g
20 = 4.68 /

3 142.42 50 142.42
3 = 50 = 2.85/

4 183.19 65 183.19
4 = 65 = 2.82/

5 229.33 85 229.33
5 = 85 = 2.698/
VIII. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS:

In this experiment for each trials are measured using the digital weighing scale
calibrated and for less errors which is set to grams. For measuring the stone, tiles, iron
scraps, chromium weights and marbles. The initial volume of all the liquid which we used
tap water as a liquid substance in the experiment is measured through the beaker the
marking in milliliter and after the material is submerged, the total volume measured is the
final volume of this experiment. The volume used in each trial varies due to the limited
number of liquid that the groups have, insufficient materials used we generally used tap
water as the main liquid of the experiment, however the same principle should be applied.

In each trail, after the respective mass and volume are measured using the digital
weighing scale and ruler for volume displacement. The density is computed using the
formula of mass divided by volume displacement and it is compared to its standard value
regardless of the liquid is submerged to.

IX. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION:

In this experiment we are able to measure mass of solid materials, and the volume
Of a liquid substance and related to their density and specific gravity. We establish the
relation of the density of an object should be constant regardless of the mass, volume and
type of liquid it is submerge to. Because even though we continuously adding mass to the
said volume its density is still constant when calculating it.

However, we found some errors within the data. This includes the calibration and estimation
of displacement of the liquid which is the we must measure the said displacement at the
lower meniscus of the beaker for exact measurement of the volume displacement. The
surface tension might have something to do with it as the force acting on each are uneven
like we have a material that is spherical shaped which is the marbles used. We also include
the human errors negligence of the line of sight, parallax effect and measuring without the
air bubbles that indicates that the material is fully submerged applying the laws of submerged
materials in the liquid. It is recommended to carefully check the materials first it must be
polished first because any dirt from the material may affect calibration of the mass and
always check the surface area of the experiment that may cost incorrect calibrations and
knowledgeable on using the digital weighing scale.
X. RUBRICK:

MEETS BELOW
EXCEEDS EXPECTATION EXPECTATION EXPECTATION NOT ACCEPTABLE
CRITERIA
4 3 2 1

Demonstrate Occasionally Partially Do not

needed skills to demonstrate demonstrate demonstrate the
finish the task, needed skills to needed skills to needed skills to
able to set up finish the task, able finish the task and finish the task, do
the materials with to set up the able to set up not able to set
Laboratory without materials with the materials with up the materials
Skills supervision and minimum supervision, and do not follow
(30 %) always follow supervision, partially follows safety guidelines
safety guidelines occasionally safety guidelines during laboratory
during laboratory follows safety during laboratory performance.
performance. guidelines during performance.
laboratory
performance.
Professional Accurate Accurate Data are not
looking and representation of representation of shown OR are
accurate the data in tables the data in written inaccurate.
representation of and/or graphs. form, but no
the data in tables Graphs and tables graphs or tables No calculations
Data and and/or graphs. are labeled and are presented. are shown OR
Calculation Graphs and tables titled. results are
(20 %) are labeled and Some calculations inaccurate or
titled. Some calculations are shown and the mislabeled.
are shown and the results labeled
All calculations results are correct appropriately.
are shown and the and labeled
results are correct appropriately
and labeled
appropriately.
Analysis The relationship The relationship The relationship The relationship
between the between the between the between the
(20 %) variables is variables is variables is variables is not
discussed and discussed and discussed but no discussed.
trends/patterns trends/patterns patterns, trends or
logically analyzed. logically analyzed. predictions are
Predictions are made based on
made about what the data.
might happen if
part of the lab
 were changed or
how the
experimental
design could be
changed.
Conclusion Conclusion Conclusion No conclusion was
Conclusion includes whether includes whether includes what was included in the
(30 %) the findings the findings learned from the report OR shows
supported the supported the experiment. little effort and
hypothesis, hypothesis and reflection.
possible sources what was learned
of error, and what from the
was learned from experiment.
the experiment.

SCORE

INSTRUCTOR COMMENT AND SUGGESTION: