Dynamic Modeling of Hybrid Power System with

MPPT under Fast Varying of Solar Radiation

1
T.Vijay Muni, Asst Prof., Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, K L University, Vaddeswaram, India
2
G. Sai Sri Vidya, Student Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, K L University, Vaddeswaram, India
3
N. Rini Susan, Student, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, K L University, Vaddeswaram, India

Abstract:

Generally, Photovoltaic and Wind energy systems are need of the hour from electrical
energy system point of view. This paper also proposes the concept of hybrid grid energy
system which consists of PV as well as other renewable energy sources such as wind, Fuel
and ultra-capacitor based systems. In this paper an Incremental Conductance based MPPT
technique is proposed in order to control the solar Power. The performance of this hybrid
system is observed by simulation case study demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed
system.

Introduction:

At present, by far most of imperativeness demand on the planet relies on upon fossil
powers, for instance, petroleum, coal, and trademark gas that are being exhausted brisk. One
of the real outrageous issues of a perilous climatic devation is one of these invigorates start
things, carbon dioxide; these are achieving remarkable hazard for life on our planet [1]. Fossil
powers can have as a choice some renewable imperativeness sources like daylight based,
wind, biomass, consequently; among them on the wind essentialness system which changes
over the twist imperativeness into power, as it were, used as a piece of low power
applications. The wind generator is chosen for its positive concentrations including being
sans carbon and boundless; likewise, it doesn't realize bustle for it is without moving parts
and with size-independent electric change profitability [2].

Coincidentally, the power delivered by a wind imperativeness system is affected by

atmosphere conditions; for example, at stormy or in cloudy periods, it would not make any
power or application. Moreover, it is difficult to store the power made by a twist system for
quite a while later. The best procedure to beat this issue is to arrange the twist generator with
other power sources, for instance, PV, Electrolyzer, hydrogen stockpiling tank, FC structure,
or battery on account of their incredible components, for instance, high viability response,
measured creation, and fuel versatility [3, 4]. This paper concentrates on building up a
recreation model to plan and size the half and half framework for an assortment of stacking
and meteorological conditions. This reenactment model is performed utilizing Matlab and
SimPower Systems and results are displayed to confirm the adequacy of the proposed
framework. The proposed framework associated half and half vitality era framework is
appeared in figure 1.
 Fig 1: Configuration of proposed grid connected hybrid system

Wind Turbine
Wind turbines square measure classified into two types 5: Horizontal and Vertical axis. A vertical axis
machine has its blades rotating on AN axis perpendicular to the bottom. There square measure variety of
obtainable styles for each and every kind has bound benefits and downsides.

Figure 2: Basic diagram of wind turbine

PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAY MODELING:

In the PV network of electrical phenomenon, cell is the necessary part. For the raise in appropriate
current, high power and potential difference, the sunlight dependent cells and their region unit joined in non-
current or parallel fashion called as PV exhibit are used. In practical applications, each and every cell is similar
to diode with the intersection designed by the semiconductor material. When the light weight is absorbed by the
electrical marvel sway at the point of intersection, it gives the streams at once. The (current-voltage) and
(Power-Voltage) attributes at absolutely unpredictable star intensities of the PV exhibit are represented in figure
3, whereas the often seen existence of most electrical outlet on each yield is shown in power diagram 2.
I = Iph ID -Ish (1)
I=Iph Io [exp (q V D / nKT)] (vD /RS) (2)

Fig 2: PV Electrical Equivalent circuit

Solar cell output power is given as the product of V and I

 Fig 3: Response of output characteristics of PV Array
a. INC MPPT Technique:
In this technique the change of PV voltage can be obtained with respect to MPP voltage peak power.
Figure 4 shows the PV power curve for incremental conductance method.

Figure 4. Characteristics of PV Power Vs Voltage under INC method

The relation for conductance in incremental and instantaneous can be expressed in three cases:

Figure 5: INC MPPT flow chart

The power expression,
P=VI
Differentiate the power equation with PV terminal voltage,
p (VI )

v v
At MPP,

p
0
v
The modified equation expressed as:

I I

V V
This MPPT technique controls PWM signal for boost converter until (dI/dV) + (I/V) = 0 is obtained.
Figure 5 shows the INC MPPT flow chart.

Modified Incremental Conductance MPPT Algorithm

MODELING OF FUEL CELL

For fuel cells the electrochemical procedure begins at anode side, at the anode side
stream plate channels brings H2 particles. Impetus in anode isolates hydrogen on protons H+
through film that proton go to cathode and over outer electrical circuit the electrons that go to
cathode. By utilizing of impetus at the cathode oxygen is joined with hydrogen protons and
electrons for development of H2O and warmth. This response is communicated in underneath
conditions [9]

H 2 H 2 O 2e ( Anode)
1
O2 2 H 2e H 2 O(Cathode )
2

g g g o f RT fc [ln( PH 2 ) 0.5 ln( PO2 )]

gf
E
2F
 Electron-proton chemical bonds formation and breaking are the result by Cathode and
anode activation losses, at zero current through membrane hydrogen proton migration is
causes by the parasitic electrochemical reactions. The fuel cell voltage drop is expressed as

Vact V0 Va (1 e C1i )

Fuel Cell Equivalent Electric Circuit

Figure 9 equivalent circuit for fuel cell system

V fc E Vc iRohm
dVC VC
C i
dt Ract Rconc
Ract Rconc
V fc E Rohm i
scRact Rconc 1

Electrolyzer:
The main purpose of electrolyzer is to decompose the electrical current into water molecules
such as hydrogen and oxygen. From Faraday's law, the hydrogen production rate in particular
associated electrolyzer cell is generally proportional to electrodes electrons transfer rate [11] [12], the
expression for hydrogen production is expressed in below equation and shown in figure 10

Here, faraday efficiency is defined as relation between theoretical and actual values of
hydrogen produced in electrolyzer. Let us consider the electrolyzer operating temperature is 40C,
efficiency of Faraday is expressed by:
 0.09
+ eu Faraday
-
Math function Efficiency
2 1
ln 2
Gain 1
Divide 2 Product 1 1
Generated
Constant 2 H2
Divide
75.5
Constant 2

96.5
U2
Constant 1
Main Function 1
Divide 1
U2
Function

1 2
Gain
ln 1
Delay
Product 2

Figure 10: Block Diagram for Electrolyzer

Results and discussion:

Fig : I-V Graph

Fig : P-V Graph

C
A

Discre te ,
Ts = 2e -005 s.
A
powe rgui wpv

ppv
C

LOAD H2

pfc
cC
aA

bB

Vabc 1 2

Iabc 1 2

Pulses

Pulses
Pulses
A

B
g

A
B
g

Pulses
+

B
g

B
g

-
+

-
+

+
-

1 wind Fuel cell battery

Fig 8.3: Simulation Diagram of Hybrid Power System

 Fig 8.3: Hybrid Power System output powers (a) Wind Power (b) Solar Power, (c) Hydrogen (d) Fuel Cell
Power
Discrete,
Ts = 5e-005 s.
powergui
[V_PV]

MPPT Goto1

m_PV <V_PV>
Vdc 18.89
<I_PV>
From Scope1 From4 Display

MPPT
[D] [I_PV]
[V_PV] From3 Goto3

[I_PV] Scope2

m_PV + i
-
L1 Diode1

m
g

IGBT1 +
Ir + Vdc v +
- R-Load v
E

-
Signal 2
PV Array
Signal Builder

250.00
Product
Irradiance
(W/m^2)

Fig 8.3: Simulation Diagram of Proposed Circuit

Fig 8.4: With normal INC-Conductance Method(a) Irradiance, (b) Solar Voltage (c) Solar Current (d) Solar
Power

Fig 8.4: With Modified INC-Conductance Method(a) Irradiance, (b) Solar Voltage (c) Solar Current (d) Solar
Power
CONCLUSION

The adequacy of disengaged power frameworks are assessed in MATLAB PC condition. The
framework considered is twist alongside PV and fuel cells to meet the heap which is
profoundly worthwhile for remote and distant burdens. It is watched that the proposed design
is minimal effort and having less many-sided quality. The brace is used to supply to the
neglected power request by the disconnected power frameworks on the off chance that they
are associated with the brace. All in all, the execution of segregated framework is better and
monetarily valuable to the clients everywhere and is exceptionally successful for provincial
zones to meet remote burdens.

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